有一天，老師表演了一種聽音撲克牌魔術，只見老師拿了一副撲克牌，洗牌後請同學抽出一張，並隱?藏起來，然後老師把剩下的撲克牌在耳邊聽了一下，居然能立刻說出被抽走那一張撲克牌的花色和點數，試了好幾次，百發百中，非常神奇!在我們百般的要求下，老師終於傳授給我們秘訣，知道秘訣後玩了一陣子，我們還將玩法做了變化，而我們更想知道這個變化能不能無限延伸，於是我們決定以聽音撲克牌為主題，做一些探討。

有別於過去很多研究飛機的科展作品都在探討飛機如何飛得遠、飛得久，本實驗的目的，主要在尋找珍珠板飛機為什麼能迴旋的秘密及影響它的因素？剛開始我們利用「自製風洞」測試珍珠板飛機的主翼與水平尾翼之裝置角對飛機產生的迴旋力量，進一步來說明迴旋的原理。然後試射九種裝置角配對的飛機來測量迴旋直徑，並找出最適合的組合來進行下一步的實驗。接著，分別改變飛機及發射平台的各種變因，並找出這些變因對珍珠板飛機的迴旋直徑有什麼影響？最後我們設計各種迴旋飛機的創意造型和技術玩法，並且活用迴旋原理，創造出令人驚奇的迴旋奇機！建議可應用到教學、健身運動或趣味科學遊戲之用。

PURPOSE: The purpose of making an Inverter which gets charged with the help of sound energy, produced by speakers for instance, and regenerative shock absorbers which are used in cars so that we can easily charge the inverter with the help of sources which we use in daily life. PROCEDURE: The regenerative shock absorbers are capable of generating electricity when a car moves over bumps. It works by hydraulic fluid passing through a turbine. When the fluid passes through turbine, the turbine turns a small generator and more power is created. A piston is disposed for reciprocating motion within a cylinder as a vehicle’s suspension system deflects. Hydraulic fluid passes through a hydraulic motor to turn its shaft. The hydraulic motor shaft is connected to an electric generator to generate electricity. The second source of energy to charge the inverter is by the help of sound produced in day to day life. Some piezoelectric sensors attached to the board as soon there is a tap or any kind of vibration on the board these and convert them to electrical signals. This means that parasitic energy of busy roads, railroads, footpaths and runways near population centers can be converted into electrical energy that can run public lighting, or fed back into the grid. DATA: The data which have been collected with some experiments is that on an average piezoelectric can produce 330W of power. • When sound pressure is around 62 dB, the frequency is of 102 Hz. • Sound pressure is of 65 dB the frequency is of 500 Hz. Another case when the regenerative shock absorbers come in contact with the piston it produces an average power of 340W-350W. CONCLUSION: With the use age of piezoelectric sensors and regenerative shock absorbers we can produce electricity at a very low cost for inverters; these inverters can provide electrical supplies to the house. The most important reason to make such kind of innovation is one because it is money efficient, second this can come in handy for those who can’t afford to buy inverters at a very high cost and then when charging these inverter these people have to use their electrical supply!

本研究的目的在觀察液滴的蒸發過程，探討影響一滴蒸發方式改變的變因。我們利用數位攝影機外加近攝鏡頭，由側面逆光拍攝液滴蒸發過程，並轉錄成電子檔利用電腦協助分析。液滴影像分隔放大投影在方格紙上，以便測量接觸角及高度的變化。結果發現蒸發情形可分為三種：Ⅰ.當接觸角大於九十度時，液滴和界面的接觸線迅速外擴，直到接觸角遞減至90度後定住不動，蒸發終了時，接觸線迅速內縮，留下縮小的實心殘跡。Ⅱ. 當接觸角小於九十度時，接觸線先些微外擴迅速外擴，之後定住不動，直到蒸發終點，液體內縮，留下環狀殘跡。Ⅲ.當接觸角小等於九十度時，接觸線始終定住不變，液滴蒸發後留下原大小的實心班跡。液滴蒸發時接觸角和高度並不是連續變化，而是交互階梯式遞減。本研究的結果可應用在探討噴漆及噴墨印表機的噴墨印刷上。The objective of this investigation is to observe the evaporation of liquid drop and find out the factors that could affect it. A digital camera with micro lens is used to film the process of the evaporation. And a close-up of the sample drop is taken with backlight. The results are analyzed with a personal computer. The magnified images of the drops are projected on grid papers for measuring the changes on contact angles, and heights of drops. We classify the evaporation of a drop into three types: Ⅰ. The contact angle is greater than 90 degrees. At first, the contact line will spread outwardly till the contact angle decrease to the 90 degrees and then be pinned until the evaporation reach its terminal. At last the contact line quickly contract inwardly, and a solid stain remain. Ⅱ. The contact angle is less than 90 degrees. The contact line will spread slightly and then be pinned. At the terminal the liquid contract inward, and a ring-like stain is formed. Ⅲ. The contact angle is equal to 90 degrees. The contact line will always be pinned, and no ring, but spot stain is left. During the evaporation, we discover that the contact angle and the height of the drop do not change continuously but alternatively decrease by steps. The results of our investigation can be applied to the aspects of paint-spraying and jet printers.

含羞草會因為受到各種不同外界刺激(光照、外力等等)，而造成膨壓改變。外 觀上表現出葉片閉合或有葉柄下垂的現象。其中含羞草處在黑暗的環境下一段時 間後，會做出睡眠運動。當它重新暴露於光照之中，將會需要一段時間以恢復原 先葉片張開的樣子。這個實驗是研究不同類型的環境因子(主要是光照和溼度)在打 破睡眠運動之後，對其葉片復原時間所造成的影響。我們針對上述環境因子在不 同狀況時，進行我們的實驗上百次，進一步得到了多項的數據。也在實驗中，為 了精確了解整個恢復的程序，而將恢復程序程序做成書面說明。以下是我們所紀 錄與分析完數據後的結果，以及我們在實驗期間，進行一些不同的實驗嘗試，所 發現不同於表面所見的驚人事實。 The mimosa can accept plenty of stimulation (light, force, etc), which results in the change of turgor pressure, and on outward appearance, it shows the phenomenon that the leaves become closed or that the stalks get pendent. Among the stimulation, the mimosa will undergo nyctinasty when it is left in the dark for a period of time, in order to enable it to be exposed to the light once more, which requires certain time. This experiment is based on how different kinds of elements of the environment (primarily light and hydro level) effects the rehabilitation time after the nyctinasty is broken. A large number of data are gained after experimenting on it for hundreds of times. Steps of habilitation are also made into illustration in writing, so as to understand the whole steps accurately in the experiment. Below are our records and analysis based on the data, including a few special experimental tries during our working time, in which some surprising facts that were discovered are different from what are seen on the surface.

關於平面上若干點的集中度之定義，一直很少有人予以仔細的探討，因為判別的方法有很多種。本研究是以平面上三點所構成的三角形之三頂點作討論，分別以三角形的面積、周長，內心、外心和重心至三頂點距離，三點的標準差及平均差的概念，作為不同的判別方式，並以動態幾何化版ＧＳＰ模擬不同的判斷方法做為研究，在利用統計學上的方法，找出哪一種定義方式最為適合、誤差最少的判斷方法。There are many ways to determine the centralness of three dots on a plane; however, no definition study has been applied. In this study, we focus our interests on the entralness of three vertices of a triangle formed from three dots on a plane. Various methods such as the relationship of area, and the distance of the triangle to the centralness of three dots, the distance from the interior point, exterior point, the barycenter to the vertices of triangle, and the standard error and differences average obtained from three dots were determined with a dynamic geometry software GSP, and a statistic method was used to find a least error way to determine the centralness of three dots on a plane.

本實驗研究斑蚊在孵化、結蛹及羽化各期受外界影響的因素。少數幼蟲缺乏食物時，具抗餓性可活很久。氣溫升高，蛹與成蚊期提前並延長存活期。避光下，幼蟲、蛹、成蚊存活較久。蛹羽化受外界影響小。白線斑蚊在22~25℃和40~45℃易孵化，埃及是在30~35℃。光線對埃及斑蚊結蛹影響不大，卵在正常光30℃與避光25℃適合孵化；白線分別是25℃與22℃，在避光下結蛹率最高。埃及斑蚊在151.55 lux易羽化，白線為503.8 lux。水中1元硬幣愈多，對一齡及三齡蟲生存威脅愈大。一齡蟲無法在銅片和含銅溶液中生存；在含鋅溶液中活久一些；含鉛溶液中仍可結蛹、羽化。水中放含銅較高的1元或50元，可阻斷幼蟲生長，每300ml水中放入4個以上1元為有效比例，揭開許願池中硬幣防治蚊蟲的祕密。

由三角形三中線點，三角平分線及三高的圖形分析，皆是由頂點一個三角形自頂點任引出三射線，此三射線可交一小三角形出來，我們要研究此小三角形面積對於原有三角形面積之關係，進而對於三中線，三角形分線及三高加以研討。

細胞脂肪分化是造成肥胖、骨質疏鬆、和糖尿病的重要前置因素。我們若要維持良好身材又想省去減肥藥的問題，那麼我們必須了解造成脂肪化的原因，才可能擁有好的預防之道。利用人類骨髓間質細胞可以分化成骨質與脂肪等細胞的特性，我們研究氧化壓力對間質細胞\r Ras基因轉換表現後骨質與脂肪分化的影響。結果發現以添加超氧根 (O2-，l5nM)形成氧化壓力，可促進正常Ras基因表現的間質細胞朝骨質分化;相反地，超氧根會促進\r Ras基因突變而不表現的細胞，朝向脂肪分化的現象。進一步研究其作可原理，發現氧化壓力可促進 RaS蛋白質啟動細胞外訊息活化酵素(ERK)，接著驅動骨質轉錄因子(CBFA1)表現，再到骨鈣蛋白質與骨結節形成。而抗氧化酵素(超氧根轉化酵素;SOD,5OOU/ml)的作用，可以抑制正常Ras基因細胞氧化壓力下骨質分化的進行;但不能防止氧化壓力促進Ras基因突變細胞，朝向脂肪分化的作用。總結而言:Ras基因的表現與否，是決定脂肪分化的關鍵切換點;也是影響氧化壓力對間質細胞朝骨質分化的樞紐。這種基因與氧化壓力互動影響骨質與脂肪分化的剖析，將有助於提醒人們:使用抗氧化劑來調節抗衰老、肥胖、和美容時，必須是在不同情況和不同基因體質的人，有所不同。 \r Human\r mesenchymal stem cells are able to differentiate into bone, muscle, cartilage or\r fat tissues. Our preliminary study with human mesenchymal cell line (HS-5) showed\r that HS-5 cells could differentiate to bone, cartilage and muscle but not fat cells\r as determined by histochemical staining of phenotypes. We have further studied the\r influence of oxidative stress on the switch between bone and fat cell differentiation.\r Results showed that oxidative stress started with exogenous superoxide, produced\r by the interaction of xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine, promoted the differentiation\r of osteogenic lineage showing expression of osteocalcin and bone nodule formations.\r The mechanism was investigated and superoxide was found to induce ERK (extracellular\r regulated signal kinase) activation; and then the expression of osteogenic specific\r transcriptional factor (CBFA1). A plasmid containing ras-mutant (Ser 17 Asn) which\r can inactivate the expression of ERK was transfected into the HS-5 cells for studying\r the influence of oxidative stress on ras-mutated mesenchymal cells. Surprisingly,\r it was found that oxidative stress did not promote osteogenesis but it enhanced\r adipogenesis from the ras-mutated HS-5 cells. Further studies indicated that superoxide\r neither induced ERK activation nor CBFA1 expression, but it did enhance expression\r of adipogenic specific transcriptional factor (C/EBPα) and lipoprotein lipase in\r the ras-mutated mesenchvmal cells. Taken together, the study model to induce the\r bone cell differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells may be employed to make\r bone cells for tissue engineering.

在一般文獻中，都以0.1M 的Ca2+ 溶液製作勝任細胞，但本實驗卻發現分子量較大的質體使用0.1M 的Ca2+ 溶液並不具最佳的效果，而以0.25M 的Ca2+ 溶液效果最佳，不過這是質體於二次水中進行轉型作用的前提下。因此在考慮實用性下，本組將質體放在Ligation Buffer 中進行轉型作用，卻發現其成功率下降至約質體於二次水中進行實驗效果的八分之一。接著，本組發現Ligation Buffer 中的Tris-HCl 會抑制轉型效率。所以，本組改用MOPS 及HEPES 取代Tris-HCl作為Ligation Buffer 中緩衝溶液的成分，發現質體於MOPS 或HEPES 之緩衝液中較質體置於Tris-HCl 中之轉型效率有2-3 倍之差異。本組建議往後相關領域在進行實驗時，不妨將Ligation Buffer 的Tris-HCl 改為MOPS，或將Ligation Buffer 中已完成與外來DNA 連接的質體純化，再置於二次水中，並以0.25M 的Ca2+溶液製備的勝任細胞進行細菌轉型實驗。

鋅銅電池是最古老的一種電池，這種電池在課本中僅用來說明電池的基本原理，它本身卻不能像鉛電池或乾電池那樣，能夠拿來做為各種電器的電源，例如使電燈發亮使馬達轉動等等。原因是鋅銅電池的太弱了，不到一般實用電池的千分之一。 正因為像鋅銅電池這一類的伏特電池不具實用性，所以科學家後來又發明了鉛電池及乾電池等比較優良的電池。我們很好奇的想知道，如果對鋅銅電池加以改進，是不是也能讓它像乾電池那樣優良，拿來做為實用性的電源，以點亮燈泡或推動馬達？

我們這整個實驗中的所有小實驗，都有自己的理由和為什麼要進行實驗的原因，不過到底是什麼原因讓我們開始進行這個實驗呢？ 原來是電視廣告，“茶樹油洗潔精的廣告”，一滴就靈：那個一滴就靈的現象讓我們全班印象深刻，一小滴的洗潔精竟然有哪麼大的力量，把整盤的油膩給拉到盤子的邊邊；小學生巧連智正好也進行著水面上的油彩實驗，所以我們決定要求好好的研究一下這些奇特的現象，經過了二個月的實驗，發現用牛奶來當作實驗樣本很容易觀察，又用色素滴在牛奶上來觀察運動的方向，就像是拔河比賽一樣，所以我們的實驗報告的題目就叫做“牛奶上的拔河遊戲”，其實就是研究表面張力。