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藉著物質可在相同密度溶液中懸浮的特性,利用密度差距極微小的BB 彈,呈現許多溶液中不易察覺的現象,加以研究。本實驗探討許多主題:(一)在溶液濃度與密度的關係研究中,電解質與非電解質有很明顯的差異,可能與溶解後帶電的情形有關。(二)不均勻的溶液呈現水平層狀分布,要使靜止的溶液自行擴散到均勻非常不容易(三)在溶液的溫度與密度關係研究中,在我們研究範圍內溫度每升高10℃密度將會降低約0.001406g/cm3。(四)擴散研究中,不均勻溶液的溶質在濃度愈高的地方擴散的愈慢。
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以(1)不同光週期(正常光週期6~18 小時,延後6、12、18 小時) (2)不同色光(紅、藍、綠) (3)連續日夜顛倒1~3 天的光週期 (4)同株酢醬草不同葉片之間給於不同光週期 (5)不同時長的連續黑暗或光照來處理黃花酢醬草,觀察酢醬草葉片的睡眠運動是否會受到影響或者會互相影響。我們發現生理時鐘扮演了一個重要的角色,而光線則會干擾生理時鐘的運作,野外黃花酢醬草的生理時鐘已與自然的光週期相配合,若我們改變光週期對生理時鐘的規律會有某種程度的干擾,而影響到睡眠運動。另外在日夜顛倒的光週期,若單獨給於藍或綠光的處理對黃花酢醬草睡眠運動的影響比紅光來的明顯。連續日夜顛倒處理後,酢醬草的睡眠運動被瓦解,無明顯的規律性。同株但不同的葉片給於不同光週期處理,彼此並不會互相影響。連續黑暗(或光照)越長,則葉片受光線(或黑暗)誘導開啟(或閉合)的速度越快。
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上健康教育營養與健康時,志欣提出問題說曾在報上看到一則新聞,有一家庭購買鹹酥?回家食用後,造成一死四重傷慘劇,據說禍首是回鍋油,回鍋油為何會使人中毒呢?凱貞亦說我們家愛吃油炸食品,而媽媽最苦惱的是油炸過後的油,若再用來炒菜食後有礙健康,丟棄又會污染環境,引來蟑螂、老鼠等病媒,真是傷腦筋!俊良說記得在環華百科看過肥皂是用油脂皂化而做成的,若能把回鍋油製成肥皂真可說是一舉兩得,不但可減少環境污染又能保健身體,因此,請老師指導我們研究此問題。
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科展作品檢索
無奇不有的拋物線-頂點移動軌跡的探討
國中有學過二次函數y=ax2+bx+c的圖形為拋物線,可以知道拋物線頂點是一個重要的圖型特徵,但沒有討論當a,b,c值變動時,對頂點會造成什麼影響。在本研究中,我發現當a,b,c值變動或者當a,b,c其中二個數值具有二次或一次的函數關係時,拋物線的頂點軌跡圖形會是圓錐曲線。特別是當a=Pb2+Qb+R時,拋物線的頂點軌跡會出現直線、拋物線、雙曲線及橢圓等情形。接著利用頂點座標求出各種情形的一般式並得到頂點移動軌跡圖形與其一般式的充要條件,進一步針對a=Pb2+Qb+R的特殊情況進行深入的探討,利用圓錐曲線類型的判別式找出P,Q,R的值與圖形的對應結果(如下圖)。
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本文所探討的議題為電解質溶滿通以電流後所產生的效應與機制。本實驗所採用的方法為電解與電鍍,運用這兩種方法,來比較電解液在不同狀況下所產生的結果;經過多次的實驗,累積了許多實驗結果,使我們可以得到更精確的數據 · 在此次實驗中,我們發現電解液在相同的電壓下,通以電流後的穩定性與金屬的活性有關,活性越大越不穩定;反之,活性越小越穩定。另一個發現為,只有單一極性離子移動的情形,可通過的電流,比陰陽離 r 同時移動時為大;但因通過的電流大使電解液反應劇烈,產物時時覆蓋電極使電流下降。所以就穩定性來說,是以陰陽離子同時移動為佳 · 在展望方面,希望可以發展到液態磁屏避的設備,可減少設備過重之問題 ·This is a study of how electric current effects the electrolyte solution. The experiment was conducted through two methods: electrolysis and electroplating, the results of which were compared. The experiment of the same designs hi been conducted repeatedly and, as a result, accurate data were collected and accumulated.One of the two major findings from the experiments was that, when under the same voltage, stability of the electric current varied with the change of activity of the metals; the greater the activity of the metals, the less stability of the current, and vice versa. The other major finding was that, with the movement of dipole-ion, a greater amount of current would go through the solution than that which would go through with the movement of cathode and anode; however, the greater amount of current would cause intense reaction of electrolyte solution, hence merging the electrode and reducing the current. So as long as stability is concerned, the movement of cathode and anode is preferable.It is hoped that more sophisticated experiments designed on the basis of the similar principles will eventually lead to the construction of equipment of liquid-magnetic shielding of smaller weight and size.
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科展作品檢索
利用雙雷射精密測定準靜物的極微小變位
To-be static objects, such as bridges, volcanoes, seldom move ordinarily but have mini displacement only under special conditions, like flood or earthquakes. Therefore, how to measure their mini displacement has never become fully popular with scientists’ research. Then, beginning with “ Optical Lever Theorem”, through a series of speculation and discussion, I decide to use laser ray as light source to perform an experiment ------- trying to find objects with mini displacement in our daily lives, such as revolving electric fans, engine-opening motorcycles, shaken trees, testing their magnifying effect first. Next, I try to use the control-experiment method to find out the magnifying relation and formula of the rotation angle of the plane mirror and the displacement quantity of light focus. As to the measure of mini displacement on objects, I utilize the pillar mirror as a reflection plane to research the magnifying relation of reflection light focus and original displacement quantity. The image made from the light focus of pillar mirror’s reflection, however, isn’t so perfect that I have to use a special plastic-made light-concentrating mirror, which is also called “ Fresnel Lens ”, to focalize the light for easy observation. Besides, I find out the “ function graph ” of the mini displacement quantity on to-be static objects and the displacement quantity of reflection light focus. At last, I try to build up a “ Bridge Alarm System ” of Optical Lever Theorem. 準靜物如橋樑、火山,由於平常不輕易移動,只有在特殊情況下(如洪水、地震)時,才會發生位移的現象。因此,其微小變位如何測量,一向是科學界較少探討的題目。於是,先由光學槓桿原理著手,經過一番思考、探討,決定採用雷射光作為光源,並作了第一個實驗--找生活中具極微小變位的東西,如轉動中的電扇、引擎發動的摩托車、被搖動的樹木等,先測試其放大效果。接著就試圖用控制變因的方法,找出平面鏡旋轉角度和光點平移量的放大關係和公式。至於物體微小的平移量之測量,則是利用柱面鏡作為反射面,來探討反射光點的位移與本來的平移量之放大關係。然而,柱面鏡的反射光點成像並不理想,於是用一種特製的塑膠集光鏡,又稱Fresnel Lens,將光點集中以利觀測,並且找出準靜物之微小平移量及反射光點的位移量的函數圖形。最後,嘗試建立一套光學槓桿式的「橋樑預警系統」。
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剛開始考慮平分物件時,我們從二維的多邊形部分著手,後來發現已經有人做過相關研究,並且得到類似的結論。這個部份顯現出面積平分線與其包絡曲線間的密切關係。我們將其中的方法和結果加以歸納、改善,為了更全面地研究,我們推導出一般性的包絡方程。之後當我們推廣到三維領域時,發現四面體體積平分面與之前的結論有些相似之處,平分的情況卻也更複雜,我們將推導的結果用電腦軟體呈現出來,以便更深入地了解它。最後嘗試了相當抽象的高維積平分,結果仍具有工整的對稱性,讓我們充分領略了數學之美!When considering bisecting a subject, at first we focused our attention on 2-D case, polygons. But afterwards, we found there were already some similar studies conducted by other students, which indicated the close relation between the area-bisecting lines of a polygon and their envelope. We rearranged their methods and results, and then made further improvement. Moreover, in order to study the bisecting problem entirely, we derived the general envelope equation. Then when extending the generalization to the 3-D case, we came to the conclusion that tetrahedrons’ volume-bisecting planes is similar to that in 2-D, but the circumstances are more complex. We tried to show our result with the aid of software, hoping to understand it fully. Finally, we tried to do the case in higher dimension, which is very abstract, and the result was clear-cut symmetrical. During the studying process, we had seen “the beauty of mathematics.”
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百合花粉嚇嚇叫—花粉管體外萌發實驗改良研究
種子植物藉由花粉管的萌發,到達子房與胚株結合繁殖下一代,在這次實驗中我們以最明顯能夠觀察的百合,來做研究,以四種園藝改良品種來做花粉管的體外萌發實驗,在做各種物理、化學的條件後,我們發現黑暗下,30℃,蔗糖濃度5%加上培養液,pH 值4.8 時,FS350 的萌發情況最好,我們便以此來設計改良花粉管萌發的實驗。
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我們承襲一般坊間製作天燈的材料、方式製作天燈,由各種不同因素來探討,為何相同的條件下天燈飛行的結果會不一樣,其中包括沙拉油及煤油的不同混和比例、金紙不同摺法燃燒的方式、金紙數量、沾油金紙放置日數;進而探討天燈飛行時的浮力變化與天燈內部各位置溫度的變化情形,最後研究不同尺寸的小天燈,探討多小的天燈可以不被燒掉而飛上天空,以及天燈究竟可飛多高多遠。在實驗中我們發現天燈能成功飛行的關鍵,在於燃燒的金紙能充分獲得空氣,因此將天燈金紙攤開折成蓮花狀,來增加空氣的接觸面積是天燈施放成功的關鍵,天燈燃料採用 5:5 或 4:6 之比例混合較合適,但天燈施放用的沾油金紙,由於揮發的關係不宜擺放過久;金紙數量跟天燈能否飛行無絕對關係,燃燒少量(即使只有兩張)的金紙張數,也可使天燈升起;只是燃燒張數的多寡,關係天燈停留空中的時間長短;我們發現製作天燈,它的尺寸大小不宜小於一般天燈大小的七成(約高 105 公分、直徑寬 63 公分),否則難以起飛,且易焚燬,在研究飛行多高、多遠時,因為要考量因素太多,僅知可飛高約三百公尺,時間約三分鐘,再考慮當時風向、風速便可推算多遠。
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SMS Link-Interactive
SMS.Link-INTERACTIVE is a system that facilitates the exchange\r of information between a central computer server and a remote cellular\r phone user, and allows remote modification of data in the computer\r through SMS. A cellular phone with a GSM modem is connected to the\r computer physically via a data cable. A program in the computer is\r notified whenever the cellular phone receives new messages, processes\r new messages by first authenticating the user’s identity, then checks for\r the information being asked for, as well as the changes that the user wants\r to be done. Information is then retrieved from a database in the computer\r and the appropriate changes are made. A message containing the\r requested information and a list of changes done is then sent to the user\r through SMS.\r Tests were made to get the speed of the system. Accuracy tests were\r done to determine if the program was able to ascertain the validity of the\r user correctly, return the requested data, and change the specified\r information.\r Using this system, doctors can access a patient’s data and change\r prescriptions; teachers can correct errors in grades; clubhouse personnel\r can add memberships; all these from a remote location by sending a SMS\r request to the cellular phone connected to the server.
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每回到超市,總是提著那大大小小的塑膠袋回來,家堛漫U圾中,塑膠袋總是佔了很大的比率。為什麼商家不提供較環保的紙袋呢?教師節那天跟媽媽去逛 SOGO 百貨公司,終於被提供了一個看來不錯的紙袋,後來我們又到地下樓超市買了一些罐頭食品,我建議就用這個紙袋裝裝看,沒想到才上到一樓紙袋提手斷裂,紙袋也破了。我在想,如何提高紙袋的承受力?讓大家安心的使用紙袋,既合乎環保觀念又方便使用。
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