Many people in South Africa still use open fires for cooking. There is a\r large amount of wasted heat lost by four methods of heat transfer:-\r radiation, convection, conduction and evaporation.\r I constructed a vessel that would reduce heat loss, and focus the heat\r emitted from a fire onto the bottom of a pot. I used materials that were\r cheap and easy to obtain, so that those using open fires would be able to\r construct similar vessels to save energy and reduce pollution.\r The vessels were made up of a standard wire mesh frame that was\r surround by trial coverings, namely tin foil, asbestos rope, industrial foil,\r papier mache, ceramic, and 2 ceiling insulators.\r 5 mls of methylated spirits was burned in each vessel. The temperature\r gain of 100mls of water in a standard pot was recorded. 5 trials on each\r vessel were performed. 2 groups of vessel were found. Those that\r produced high temperature gains, burned quickly, and produced a large\r amount of soot deposits on the pot, and a second group that did the\r opposite.\r I compared the rate of heating from my best vessel to that of a stove as\r well as a microwave oven. Heating from the vessel was faster than that of\r the stove, and slightly slower than the microwave.\r I measured the heat emitted from a fire in a three-dimensional pattern and\r found that the maximal heat was some distance above the flame.\r From these results I devised 12 guidelines that would minimize the\r energy need, and pollution produced, when cooking on an open fire

利用陰極電弧蒸鍍各種薄膜，如：類鑽膜（DLC）、氮化鈦膜（TiN）、氮化鉻膜（CrN）、氮化鋁鈦膜（TiAlN）以及先披覆上一層氮化鋁鈦膜（TiAlN）再加上類鑽膜（DLC）的合成膜等。這些薄膜現在已經被廣泛的應用於各種刀具、模具的表面處理之中。本研究主要在探討高速鋼鍍上氮化鉻膜（CrN）之後，對於硬度、磨耗性質的改變，以及觀察氮化鉻膜（CrN）表面結構之組織。 在研究中我們運用陰極電弧蒸鍍系統蒸鍍氮化鉻薄膜，分析上運用SEM來觀察薄膜表面結構組織，以及運用洛氏微硬度機來觀察試片的硬度，另外還有使用磨耗試驗機來進行磨耗測試。以上這些測試總括來說都是在得知性質有無實際上的改變，而這些實際上的改變對於蒸鍍之後的模具或刀具都能夠大幅的提高使用的壽命。 We evaporated different kinds of thin films by using the anode of the electronic arc, such as DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon), TiN (Titanium Nitride), CrN (Chromium Nitride), TiAlN (Titanium Aluminum Nitride), and synthetic films of covering TiAlN and DLC. These thin films have been used widely in processing the surface of a variety of cutters and moulds. The purposes of this research were to investigate changes of hardness and abrasion and to observe the organization of the surface structure of CrN after High-speed steel evaporates CrN. In this study, we use the system of the anode of electronic arc to evaporate CrN. Besides, SEM is used to observe the organization of the surface structure of the thin films and Rockwell Micro-hardness Test Machine is used to investigate hardness of testing samples. Moreover, we use Abrasion Tester to test abrasion. These tests are taken to lead to a better understanding whether the quality really changed. These changes of evaporated moulds or cutters would extend their frequency of using.

從國中理化課本陸續學到物質密度求法、溶液濃度求法、比熱測定法、物質分離法、液體蒸發以及熱量計算法後，使我們很想利用這些科學知識和方法進行對國產酒的試驗，以達學而致用的願望。

(一)上自然科學第九冊第五單元「滾動的快慢」這課，經過全班分組實驗後，在找出「那些變因最能影響滾動的快慢」時，除能確定「實心的圓柱比空心的快」以外，對於「長短、質料、粗細」等變因的資料，沒有辦法比較出來。 (二)究竟「圓柱的長短、質料、粗細」變因會不會影響滾動的快慢，由於我們上課時問有限，不能重複實驗探討，所以利用課餘時間繼續研究。

The study is to investigate Taiwanese tardigrades,and the research of that is few. Tardigrades are commonly called water bears and have been identified more than 750 species. Limno-terrestrial tardigrades are small, 0.2-0.5 mm in length, and mostly found in moss cushions growing on rocks, soil, or the wall of houses. When the environment dehydrates in dry weather, Tardigrades desiccate into a reversible state of metabolic suspension called cryptobiosis. We have been finding a number of tardigrades in moss at many places in Taoyuan country. First, we put the moss on the dissected microscope to seek for tardigrades, and then placed it on the microscope for photographing and observing. The study is mainly focus on Taiwanese tardigrades. we have classified 11 Taiwanese species in four families（Echiniscidae,Calohypsibiidae,Milnesiidae and Macrobiotidae）, making Chinese keys of classification. From the habitat envoriment, the species, the density and the diversity we survey as well as the most suitable pH envoriment we experiment, we approach the relationship between the distribution of tardigrades and their habitat. Besides, we also research lots of conditions which bring cryptobiosis and make culture medium in order to inspect its living. These results indicate that tardigrades desiccate into cryptobiosis in ten munites in acid rain(pH4.65). From outdoor surveys, we have noticed tardigrades can’t be found in the moss right next to road.The length of each family is: Calohypsibiidae＞Milnesiidae Milnesium＞Macrobiotidae＞Echiniscidae. 此研究是探討台灣熊蟲，而有關台灣熊蟲的文獻資料極少。熊蟲屬於緩步門，體長約 0.2-0.5 mm，熊蟲在不利的環境會蟄伏，環境有利時又會膨脹而復甦，而其構造系統不因此而破壞。 我們在桃園縣多處的苔蘚發現熊蟲，我們先將採集的苔蘚放至解剖顯微鏡下尋找熊蟲，再由複式顯微鏡觀察構造並拍照紀錄。研究主要是探討台灣本地的熊蟲，我們已分類出十一種台灣熊蟲，製作中文檢索表。藉由觀測採集環境和所測的密度、歧異度和種類，及實驗出其最適宜的 pH值，探討環境對其分布的影響。也探討各種因素與蟄伏的關係，製作培養基以觀測其生活史。研究結果顯示：1.已經分類出台灣有緩步門四科（端爪科、Calohypsibiidae科、Milnesiidae科和 Macrobiotidae科）十一種熊蟲。2. 污染嚴重或環境髒亂的地方，不會有熊蟲的存在，且熊蟲有群居性。3. 端爪科(棕色)熊蟲在 pH4.65（台灣都會區雨的酸鹼值）以下的液體環境活動力明顯降低。4.熊蟲多分布在高溼度（87.5~90.4％）的地方，不分布在中低溼度 （76％以下） 的地區。5. 各科的體長為 Calohypsibiidae科＞Milnesiidae科 Milnesium屬＞Macrobiotidae科＞端爪科。

青年如樹之根、果之蒂；根壞則樹枯，蒂壞則果落；青年一壞禍敗亂亡便無所不至。覆巢之下，豈有完卵；唇若失去，齒仗誰溫？故宋代畫家鄭思肖畫蘭花連根帶葉皆飄浮空中今，然沈痛感慨：「國土淪亡，根著何處目賭？“中國之恨”正陷於“前途茫茫；暮氣沈沈”之際吾等焉能等閒視之乎？

生物課觀察顯微切片是一種不可以缺少的學習運動。可是顯微鏡只能由教師先行觀察。而後敘述給學生聽，再由學生自行觀察。在此過程中不僅只浪費時間，同時也極容易由於教師敘述不妥當或學生的會錯意，造成誤會或錯誤觀察之不良結果。要想使切片能給多數人同時觀察，當然只有借助顯微鏡放映機，將映像放大映出。可惜顯微放映機目前不普遍，其原因乃售價非常昂貴，小型螢幕 L 直徑 4 公分須七、八千元，中型的映幕 15 公分 × 25 公分須二萬元左右，較為優良能供全班學生觀察的須五、六萬元。由此可看出實在非一般學校經費所能負擔的。況且其中、小型的效果也不見得很好。經拆下一部中、小型顯微放映機研究其結構，發現其結構簡單。約可分為兩主要部份(一)光源部份，另為顯微鏡頭。乃激起研究製作頭微放映機使它能普遍化，以利於教學觀察。

Ambient vibration, the movement of the ground caused by transient objects such as the relative to values obtained using the commercial recorder. The natural ambient vibration of a control site was simultaneously obtained using the mechanical prototype and the commercial recorder, which were situated next to each other during the actual recording. Moreover, both sensors were used to record a control stimulus for a constant amount of time. The data obtained from these subparts were processed using WinWaveShot which quantified and presented ambient vibration as waves. The deviations of the maximum and minimum amplitudes, mode and median values of these waves, as graphed by DADiSP2002, was performed to verify the accuracy or reliability of the prototype. These graphs were converted to their DFT graphs and histograms, with accompanying converted wave properties which characterized the predominant frequency. Based from the results, the recordings obtained from the mAVR are proportional from the ones obtained from the eAVR. Therefore, the mechanical prototype is capable of recording the predominant frequency of a site. The prototype, when improved, is a potential alternative to commercial sensors since it is able to record actual movements and its scale is proportional to the scale of the eAVR. Since the prototype was constructed and can be reproduced from readily available and inexpensive materials, ambient vibration analysis can be used more commonly by architects and engineers for construction purposes. To verify the reliability of the values obtained using the prototype, the ambient vibration of other sites must be recorded and compared to those using the eAVR. wind, sounds and human activities, is one major site effect evaluation method presently used. The respective predominant frequencies of a site and the structures above it obtained using this method serve as reference to the renovation and/or construction of structures. Predominant frequencies of the landmass and the structures above it should be non-identical to avoid prolonged shaking with the occurrence of an extensive movement of the ground as dictated by resonance effect. Since electronic ambient vibration or microtremor recorders, specifically their sensors, are expensive and inaccessible, a mechanical prototype of such device was designed and constructed. The proposed design of the mechanical ambient vibration recorder (mAVR) was mainly based on the IRIS Seismograph which makes use of the principle of electromagnetic induction. The relationship between ground motion and the movement of the prototype lever, which is a direct proportion, was the concept highlighted by the prototype’s mechanism. After the design of the mAVR prototype was finalized, its assembly, which consisted of the calibration of the solenoid and the inertial mass, was performed. The calibration of the solenoid was based on the voltage output of its solenoid based on the number of turns while the inertial mass was determined based on the equilibrium level of the prototype lever. Having proven the mAVR’s capacity to function by simulating stimulus, the testing of its accuracy was done with two setups: recording of (1) natural and (2) induced ambient vibration. This tested the prototype’s accuracy

不鏽鋼是會生鏽的。它之所以能在一般情況下不生鏽，是因為含有不易生鏽的成分，如鎳與鉻。根據高一所學：鋁的表面氧化層可防止其內部繼續氧化，故我們希望比較其與不鏽鋼的差異。首先取用市面上最常見的三種不鏽鋼：SUS 304、SUS 316和SUS 430，進行分項實驗。第一項為觀察不鏽鋼加熱至不同溫度時的顏色變化；接著依據我們的推測：不鏽鋼表面也有氧化層保護內部，於是設計各種抗氧化試驗並藉物理方法檢測其表面的粗糙度。再來試將其進行生鏽反應，生鏽反應主要肇因於水和氧，而酸液與食鹽又將加劇反應。先將調配後的溶液噴灑在不鏽鋼上遂放置於室溫中，再觀察其變化。由於不鏽鋼表面會產生褐色鐵鏽，因此最後再利用草酸將鏽去除，並觀察其重量變化。

本研究的目的在於了解：探討判讀颱風雙眼牆的方法、挑選雙眼牆颱風個案、雙眼牆颱風之特徵及雙眼牆颱風之可能形成因素，由研究得出下列結果：一、我們判斷的依據是只要兩層?回波區中夾有明顯無回波區或弱回波區即為雙眼牆颱風，依此挑出14個雙眼牆颱風個案。二、雙眼牆颱風皆為中強颱，其七級暴風半徑均達180公里以上。三、近中心最大風速在颱風雙眼牆結構出現前後短期內並無明顯變化，而時間的範圍拉長後，可以發現其結構的出現約在近中心風速最?的期間。四、雙眼牆颱風內外眼牆的角速度大略成正比，且比值都在五倍以上，而大部分的比值集中在約5~８倍。五、距地表在兩公里內的風速隨高度的變化率較高，兩公里以上風速隨高度的變化率較小。而雙眼牆結構出現時間長度和風速隨高度的變化率之極大值並無特別關係。

本研究是利用學校及電子材料行隨手可取得的電機電子控制小元件組合成具有多項保護功能，以防止電氣操作人員因不小心觸電而發生危險及電氣設備因電源異常，或負載過載而損壞，希望能以最少的花費，發揮最大的保護功效。本作品具有過載、電源欠相、電源逆相、人員誤觸電或設備漏電等多功能保護且所需成本低廉，頗具開發價值。