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科展作品檢索

普降甘霖-區域性焚風防制系統的可行性研究

焚風在台東地區造成果樹表皮焦黑、無法成熟等影響,也讓心苦栽種農產品無法賣出,農損相當大。因此我們想設計出經濟有效的方法,能在焚風到達果樹之前做出預防性的措施。由實驗結果發現,在焚風未達果樹之前可以做數道灑水系統,灑水間隔越密越能降低溫度並增加溼度,加上果園內的灑水系統就能有效降溫。另外也發現,前一個區域經過灑水之後對後一個區域也有降溫的效果。

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爬牆虎的秘密

一個夏日的午後,我在媽媽服務的地方,發現水泥牆上長滿綠意盎然的爬藤植物,令人神清氣爽;我忍不住伸手摸摸那一片片油綠發亮的葉子,這才發現,牠們用一種圓圓的、綠綠的東西,牢牢地吸附在水泥上,就像廚房常見的軟膠吸盤一樣牢固,已老的部份,形成密密麻麻的黑點,想把牠剝離,還得費不少勁兒呢!我把這件事告訴自然老師和幾位要好的同學,大夥兒再次去愛國西路探看,對爬牆虎的“爬牆武器”及多變的葉子,一致感到驚奇,為了深入了解爬牆虎的秘密,我們便在老師指導下,進行一連串的調查和實驗,以便揭開爬牆虎的秘密!

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車床多功能手工具設計

此作品乃針對車床手工具使用上的不便,設計製作出一組改良的手工具,經吾人驗證之後,發現此改良的手工具確實增進使用上的便利性。

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水中的芭蕾舞者

有一次我們上自然課上到「顯微鏡」這課,老師借我們一整組顯微鏡,老師上完整課後,還有剩餘的二節課,老師說:「下禮拜的課你們自已去找東酉來看。」那天剛好是禮拜六,禮拜天我們家回鄉下,我看到果園裡有一攤攤的「綠水」,我就想這些水裡頭會不會有生物,於是我們撈了些綠水回家。我們把這些綠水放到顯微鏡下,哇!哇!哇!那是什麼啊!!!粉美呦!?

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Comfortable Equipment for Pedestrians

The phenomenon of pedestrians nowadays is still found. Due to frequent walking, sometimes our legs feel tired and hard to move. This is become the basis for developing tools that are convenient for pedestrians. An easy tool for humans is needed for our activities, especially walking. The Synergy between our hands and feet provides a big and significant contribution to the appliance. Normally, the movement of our hand gets along with its motion with a different side of the foot. When the right foot step, then the left hand is swung forward, and vice versa. The tools can be developed by utilizing a variety of systems. The system includes the tools concentric wheel and axles system, spring system, and pulley system. The concentric wheel and axles system is useful in controlling the rope. Movement on the rope could activate the entire system on the appliance. Wheel that related with the hand is three times bigger than wheel that related with pulley that is applied on foot. Spring system is able to lighten the pressure of the foot with a given upward force, and able to provide downward force when the spring returned to its original position. While the pulley system on the tool used to provide mechanical advantage two times is also useful to lighten the pressure of the foot when walking. The tools can be designed with simple, and able to provide benefits to users. By trial and error, it shows that the tool is able to lighten human’s activity when they walk. The tool can be able to lighten the leg’s load by utilizing arm muscles work. Utilization of the arm muscles which helps to ease the pressure of the foot can provide more benefits. One of them is that it can strengthen the arm strength, so the tool can be used as sport equipment. Utilization of the tool can also be reserved for special people who have difficulty in walking due to an accident or birth with leg defect.

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檳榔製品毒性之探討

有天我們發現檳榔樹下少有植物生長,此稱為植物間的「相剋作用」。同時在課本中學習到檳榔對於人體是有危害的,因此本研究探討市售檳榔製品對於其他植物及人體口腔細胞的毒害情形?經研究後得知:1.檳榔子、荖葉及荖花萃取液會影響玉米和綠豆種子發芽及幼苗生長、酵母菌的呼吸作用。2.檳榔子植栽區土壤會影響玉米及綠豆種子發芽及幼苗生長。3.檳榔子、荖葉及荖花萃取液對口腔細胞造成破壞。4.確認檳榔子、荖葉及荖花具有相同的相剋化合物-多酚類物質。將來可以收集檳榔子、荖葉及荖花的萃取液,若能施加在需要除草的地面,藉由它們所含有的多酚類物質,使雜草難以生存,故能夠成為天然除草劑,將可減少化學除草劑的使用量。

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顆粒體對流現象之探討

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毒他--隱藏的戰爭

相剋作用是指植物在代謝過程中釋放出有毒物質以抑制本身或鄰近植物種子萌發及植株發育生長的過程。非洲鳳仙花所在之處,少有其他植物,本實驗採非洲鳳仙花的根、莖或葉之萃取液進行相剋作用之研究,結果顯示非洲鳳仙花確實會抑制小白菜與玉米種子萌發及幼苗的生長,利用多酚類染色方法得知非洲鳳仙花產生的相剋化合物為多酚類,進一步推論土壤中的多酚類會被植物吸收,進而影響植物的生長與發育。

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「蛹」「帶」生命

昆蟲通常是環境最好的偵測器,今年3 月22 日上午9:30 在雲林林內約有60 萬隻紫斑蝶從觸口飛越過中山二高,歷時4 小時後才慢慢消失在八卦山區。這個享譽國際的紫斑蝶遷移群對我們來說是代表檢驗台灣環境健康的一個正面指標。一年來,我們飼養了大白斑蝶、紅珠鳳蝶、大鳳蝶、黑鳳碟、玉帶鳳蝶,觀察其生活史,並改良拍攝方法,利用數位攝影將蝴蝶各時期的微妙演化拍攝下來做成完整紀錄,包含了幼蟲孵化出來吃第一頓餐、幼蟲結絲墊準備結蛹、來回吐絲約15 次才完成絲帶的固著、然後脫殼成蛹、羽化成蝶等過程。更發現帶蛹似乎都會近似某種特定角度在樹枝上結蛹,而查閱文獻都沒有相關的研究。從自然界的觀察與測量發現多數帶蛹的蛹身與絲帶夾角均為90°、蛹身頭部常與地面平行的機率頗高,而且蝶蛹與樹枝的夾角大多介於20°~40°。於是自行設計測量器材進一步驗證:當蝶蛹與樹枝夾角為30°、蛹身與絲帶夾角為90°時絲帶的張力最小,和野外統計的結果不謀而合,而蝶蛹巧妙地運用此一原理來度過12 天至4 月不等的蛹期。我們再以物理方法尋找帶蛹的重心位置約在中央部位,絲帶張力約為蛹身重量的80%。不禁令人讚嘆大自然的奧妙!

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起酵A!酵母菌的研究

酵母菌分為麵包酵母和酒麴酵母,大致呈橢圓形單細胞的形態,有一點點異味。酵母菌發酵時需要有糖,但是糖的濃度增高,發酵速率不一定增高。不過酵母菌濃度愈高,發酵就會愈快。酵母菌發酵時最喜歡在新鮮的環境中,所以蔬果汁愈新鮮,發酵的速率就愈快,另外,用來發酵的蔬果汁如果煮過了,就會破壞促進酵母菌發酵的物質,發酵的狀況就比新鮮時還差。如果把酵母菌放在酸性、鹼性及含鹽的溶液中,是不適合酵母菌生長的,但是放在沙拉油裡面,卻不會抑制酵母菌的發酵。而有酵母菌的地方,黴菌是不容易生長的。

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魔方陣的變形

本次科展作品由三角邊形的魔方陣出發,設定規則如下;在 n 階三角形魔方陣中填入給定數字,使其三個 1n ? 階三角形數字和相等。我們得出如何從 n 階魔方陣推至(n+1)階魔方陣,與給定任意一個 n 階魔方陣,如何填出一組解的方法。遵循著三角形魔方陣的填法,我們可將其推廣在平面任意 m 邊形及正四面體上。前者,我們得到給定任意 n 階 m 邊形填出一組解的方法。後者,則是可由 n 階立體魔方陣推至(n+1)階立體魔方陣;當給定偶數階立體魔方陣時,可利用自創的圓形圖進行求解,文末亦討論了具有特殊性質點的個數。

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蝌蚪游泳能力之探討

本研究主要探討蝌蚪之游泳運動特性,及游泳速度(V)與尾鰭長度(SL)、尾鰭高度(SH)、身體質量(M)、尾鰭擺動頻率(TBF)、擺動幅度(AMP)之關係,並分析蝌蚪游泳之體軸變化及流場變化。祈能了解蝌蚪之游泳運動特性,進而探討其適應環境之機制。研究結果顯示:黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪體重(M)愈重,則鰭長、鰭高亦隨之生長,並呈現高度相關性(R2=0.9381、R2=0.9809)。另外,尾鰭生長時之長度增加較多。蝌蚪體重(M)與鰭長(SL)、鰭高(SH)之迴歸方程式(M=0.027SL+0.342SH-0.078,R2=0.9832)。黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪之游泳速度,會隨著尾鰭擺動頻率之增加而提高。尾鰭長度愈短之蝌蚪,增加游泳速度時尾鰭擺動頻率增加較多。蝌蚪游泳速度(V)與鰭長(SL)、擺動頻率(TBF)之迴歸方程式(V=0.480TBF+4.804SL-4.381,R2=0.9110)。不同尾鰭長度蝌蚪之擺幅對體長之比率並無明顯變化,其擺動幅度(AMP)的範圍介於0.45(BL)至0.56(BL)之間。蝌蚪游泳時各部分體軸之擺動幅度自吻端開始(P=0)至P 為0.24 時逐漸遞減,且在P 為0.24 時呈現最小擺幅,但P 超過0.24 之後直至尾鰭部分卻又大幅遞增,其最大值出現在尾鰭末端(P=1)。蝌蚪游泳是以尾鰭快速向中心軸擺動,產生較大的前進動力,過了軸線則慢速擺動,以減少阻力。This investigation is to explore the swimming habits of tadpoles- the relationship between their swimming velocity, length and height of their tails, mass, the frequency at which their tails movement, and the amplitude of the tail’s movement, as well as analysis their body axes, and the flow distribution of the water, in order to understand how the swimming patterns of the tadpoles are affected by the changes in their environment. The results of this investigation have shown that as the mass of the tadpoles increases, both the length and the height of their tails also increase according to the R values of the tail increases according to the R values of 0.9381 and 0.9809. However, it is observed the length of the tail increases at a faster rate than its height during the tadpoles’s growth. The formula which models the regression relationship between the tadpole’s mass, tail length, and tail height are found to be (M=0.027SL+0.342SH-0.078,R=0.9832). It’s also noted that as the length of the tadpole’s tail decreases, the velocity and the frequency of the tail would increases (the length of the tail is inversely proportional to the tadpole’s velocity and tail frequency). The formula which models the regression relationship between the tadpole’s velocity, tail length and tail frequency is (V=0.480TBF+4.804SL-4.381,R=0.9110) The different frequency model by tails of different lengths do not appear to have an apparent relationship with the tail length, given that the amplitude is between 0.45(BL) and 0.56(BL). As the tadpole swims, the angle between its oscillating body axes decrease as the P values increases from 0 to 0.24, their force the angle is at a minimum whom the P is at 0.24.Yet when P exceeds 0.24 the angle would increase dramatically. The maximum value is observed when P=1.The tadpole’s swimming motion mainly relays on the rapid oscillations of the tail about the centre of mass (body axis)-producing a stronger driving force, and slowing down towards the end of each oscillation to minimise the friction forces acting on the tadpole, which in furn, decrease its velocity.

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