愛漂亮的小阿姨每天吃很多水果，常把維生素c可以養顏美容掛在嘴邊。奶奶牙齦腫脹，牙科醫生也建議她補助費充維生素c，多吃水果。奶奶平常也很愛吃水果呀!如葡萄、甘蔗和水梨，都是她的最愛; 到底哪些水果的維生素c含量較豐富呢?引發我對水果維生c的追蹤如探究。請問了老師並且搜尋資料，促成了這次的維生素c實驗之旅!同時也可借以提供一些資料，給對於需要攝取維生素c的朋友做參考!\r

本研究以自製研磨機，將蛋殼磨成粉體。排乙二醇詴驗中，藉反應速率與接觸面積成正比（4），推得溼磨粉體較乾磨細，再由廷得耳詴驗得知乾、溼磨7 小時之粉體皆達膠體粒子範圍（10-7~10-9m）（5），可由粒徑分析獲得證實，並得知溼磨10 小時之粉體粒徑最小（0.22μ m）。以溼磨粉體製作粉筆，透過附著率、剝離率、磨損量及粉塵飄散詴驗，測詴粉筆品質，得知蛋殼粉60％之粉筆（固含量83.8％）最佳，與市售粉筆之附著率分別為85.07、87.74％；剝離率為0.77、0.06％；磨損量為0.027、0.023 g/㎝；粉塵飄散集中區為0~7.8、30.0~82.0 ㎝。自製粉筆詴驗結果與市售相近，飄散結果更優於市售。以此比例製成有色粉筆，經實驗證實，添加植物色素及自製媒染劑，對粉筆品質無顯著影響，說明本研究之可行性。

正方形兩條對角線的交點（即中心點）距四頂點等長，也與四邊等距。如果將正方形的頂點比擬成它的「手」，兩對角線的交點當成它的「心」，則兩個正方形頂點間、中心點間、或頂點與中心點間的線段相連（或重合），就如同「手」或「心」彼此相連。本文即探索當多個正方形間「心手相連」時，衍生圖形間的面積關係。而四個正方形中某幾個頂點相接（邊未重疊），恰圍出兩個三角形的圖形則是本內容討論圖形的主體架構，我們以此架構向外作出「層出不窮」的正方形，再配合中心點連接成四邊形，將推導出這些四邊形與基準正方形（Reference Square）間的面積關係。In a square, the lengths from the intersection point （center point） of two diagonal lines to the four apexes are the same, and so are they from that point to the four sides. If the apexes are “hands” and the intersection point of two diagonal lines is the “heart” of a square, the connection or overlap of two squares’ apexes and apexes, center point and center point, or apexes and center points is just like the connection of hands with hearts. In this article, hence, we are to explore the relation in area of derivative graphs formed by several squares connected “heart in hand.” When some apexes of four squares are overlain without sides overlapped, two triangles are created. And that’s the theme we are going to discuss. Furthermore, we extend the operation to infinitely overlain squares and frame out quadrangles referring to the center points of some squares. Then, the relation in areas of these overlapped squares and the Reference Square would be deduced.

本研究收集7種落葉、混合9種及隨機取得3袋落葉，以1、2、4噸加壓成型及300℃、400℃碳化製成碳質燃料，並利用自製燃燒爐-水杯系統探討其燃燒特性。研究發現，葉脈比率較高者，粉末的大中顆粒比率、碳質/灰分比、水杯吸熱值與升溫速率等皆有隨之升高趨勢；葉質亦明顯影響碳質/灰分比與熱值，順序為：單子葉紙質＞雙子葉薄革質＞雙子葉厚紙質。製程方面，400℃碳化的碳質燃料其碳質/灰分比低於300℃者，但水杯吸熱值與升溫速率則明顯較優；提高成型荷重可使碳質燃料密度、碳質/灰分比、水杯吸熱值呈上升趨勢，升溫速率則呈下降趨勢，而以2噸較佳。經檢量推估，落葉碳質燃料燃燒熱值約4360～5888cal/g，與市售褐煤相近。落葉碳質燃料的最佳製程為2噸成型荷重與400℃碳化，並利用熱電晶片自製改良三代熱電小屋進行熱溫差發電，充分展現其發電潛能。

This work presents fundamental research in the field of algebra and the theory of number. The subject of the work is equations of Markov's type (the type of the equations introduced by me earlier which generalizes the classic equation of Markov (x2+y2+z2=3xyz)) of parabolic type with two unknown quantities and their genealogical trees. The following questions appeared when I was working on the equations of Markov's type and constructing genealogical trees to them: are there any other trees besides one for a certain equation; how to find all the genealogical trees for the equation of Markov's type; how to find all the integer solutions with the help of the genealogical trees. This work is devoted to the analysis of these questions. The aim of the work: to create the method of finding all the integer solutions of the equations of Markov's type of parabolic type. The tasks of the work: 1. Carrying out some experimental works to find all the genealogical trees for a concrete equation. 2. Formulating a hypothesis that the curve has a specific part. 3. Research the parabolic type in order to apply the hypothesis to it. 4. To formulate and prove the theorems about the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of the genealogical trees of the integer solutions of equations of Markov's type of parabolic type with two unknown quantities. As the result of the work all the tasks have been solved. I worked the method of finding all the integer solutions: : to find all the integer solutions by means finding all genealogical trees of the equations of Markov's type of parabolic type with two unknown quantities you need : 1. To investigate if there any integer solutions‧ a special part of the parabola (if it is a parabola)‧ a special part of the parallel lines (if it is a pair of the parallel lines) 2. To build a genealogical tree from every solution (if they exist). 3. All the integer solutions will be on the constructed trees. I also worked out a computer program which is based on the usage of this method.

In order to facilitate a paradigm shift from traditional high volume chemical experiments to an environmentally friendly microdose experiment; I had to innovate and overcome a lot of difficulties. After six generations of experiment design I successfully reduced the volume of the combined reactants to a single drop. I utilized many recycled components to build my apparatus including a vintage computer, a simple CD disk, optical sensors and a transistor from a common computer mouse. By using a CCD monitor with an external camera feed, the single drop chemical reaction can be observed in real time and a recording of the event can be made. I chose the focus of the experiment to be the reaction of sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid to create a colloidal solution of sulfonium nanoparticles. By employing a custom-made transparency target to achieve a higher precision of measurement I have also conducted deeper research into the reaction order and the rate constants. 為了將傳統高劑量的化學實驗順利的推向顯微液滴的化學實驗上，今年我們更是創新突破了很多困難的關卡。 儀器設計由第一代減量研究到第六代的減量設計，目前已能成功的運用報廢的光碟片、報廢的電腦、報廢滑鼠內的感光二極體元件及電晶體來自製設計出兩反應物各一滴溶液做自動偵測反應的記錄。透過顯微鏡加裝的CCD電子螢幕目視觀看、拍成電子影片檔由電腦播放的目標。 因此，我選定了硫代硫酸鈉溶液和鹽酸溶液反應可產生硫奈米微粒的膠態溶液作為實驗的主軸及設計可較精確定量的投影片載液面，我們也企圖對其反應速率式的級數及反應速率常數做更深入的探討。

我們是濱海的學校，校園前面的排水溝直通大海，(參考照片) ，裡面住著許多的小動物，如望潮啦，看校園裡外有許多圓圓的洞穴就可知道(參見照片），海蟑螂 在此營生，有的甚至跑到校園裡來，住在樹蔭底的磚塊下(參見照片)，這可說是他校沒有的奇觀，在好奇心驅使在地利之便下，參閱學校藏書，想對海蟑螂有更深的了解，但是並無詳細資料，僅光復兒童百科圖鑑書中記載海蟑螂的學名，及其體長。於是對海蟑螂進行研究，後來，雖又發現了第二十一屆科展國中組優勝作品中有海蟑螂的研究資料，但仍無法滿足吾人之求知慾，因此，仍繼續研究工作。

有一回，我們在學校的涼亭邊，發現榕樹叢中，有一些葉子捲了起來；把這些葉子打開之後，還發現裏面有蟲卵。同時，我們也發現水稻的葉子，缺水時，葉子也有捲曲的現象。這些現象勾起了我們的好奇心，於是展開了下列的實驗與觀察，希望能找出葉子捲曲的原因及對葉病理的影響。

長期以來，臨床研究發現酒精會影響人類胚胎的正常發育，但是其分子機 制尚不清楚。在本研究中利用RNA 定位雜交的方式觀察酒精對於胚胎發育過程 中shh、sox9a、sox9b、col2a1、hand2 的影響，發現這些基因的表現均會受到酒 精的抑制。這項結果顯示在胚胎發育過程中，酒精透過對上述基因的影響，造成 神經脊細胞減少，細胞遷移異常，以及干擾軟骨細胞分化的現象，進而造成頭骨 發育的嚴重缺陷。此外，實驗中亦發現生長激素在腦下垂體的表現亦受到酒精抑 制。這項研究的結果成功地從基因的層次深入了解胎兒酒精中毒症候群造成頭骨 畸形及生長遲緩的病理機制。 It was known that prenatal alcohol exposure may cause serious birth defects and developmental disabilities. The molecular mechanism of this fetal alcohol syndrome still remains unclear. As revealed by whole mount RNA in situ hybridization, it was shown that expression of a number of craniofacial cartilage-related genes, including shh, sox9a, sox9b, col2a1 and hand2, were all inhibited in zebrafish embryo by alcohol exposure. It suggests that alcohol exposure may result in reducing neural crest cell production, interfering neural crest migration, preventing chondrogenesis and eventually cause craniofacial defects. In addition, the transcriptional profile of pituitary hormones were investigated by RNA in situ hybridization. It appears that only growth hormone, but not prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone, was inhibited by alcohol exposure. The reduction of growth hormone transcription was also confirmed by real time PCR. It also appears that the expression of upstream transcription factor pit1 and downstream target gene igf1 remains unchanged. It suggests that the reduction of gh transcription is mediated by a PIT1-independent pathway. The transcriptional profile of alcohol-exposed embryo was investigated by gene microarray analysis. It appears that the expression profiles of a number of development, cellular signaling, cell growth and apoptosis related genes have be affected by 1.5% alcohol treatment. It was noted that a number of retinal-specific genes were all repressed significantly. It consists with histochemical observation that alcohol exposure results in loss lamination and disturbed differentiation. This study help us understanding the molecular mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome.

資訊時代的來臨，促使我們的社會型態大幅改變，無一不朝數位化的方向邁進。網際網路與資訊科技的快速發展，近年來影像資料庫和數位圖書館大量的成立，關於影像資料檢索的研究已漸漸成為一門極為重要的研究議題。在本研究報告中，我們提出一種植基於向量量化編碼法的灰階影像檢索技術。向量量化編碼法是一種極為簡單的影像壓縮技術。我們應用這個編碼法，來萃取出灰階影像內容的特徵值。同時我們也計算出整張影像與影像中間位置的像素平均值，作為日後檢索影像時過濾掉影像資料庫中不需要比對特徵值的依據。\r 我們所提出的方法能有效地萃取影像內容的特徵值並且讓使用者可以快速且正確地查詢到所需要的影像。當影像資料庫中存在與查詢影像完全相同的影像時，我們的檢索技術都能在第一時間第一順位檢索出這張影像。即便影像資料庫中不存在與查詢影像完全相同的影像時，我們的檢索技術平均74.3%也能在第一時間前五個順位檢索出最相似的影像。\r \r With the coming of the information age, our sociological system change extensively, and everything has moves toward digitization. Due to the rapid development of Internet, information technology, the rapid growth of image databases and digital libraries recently, the related researches of image retrieval have become a very important issue. In this memoir, we propose an image retrieval scheme based on the vector quantization to retrieve similar images from the image database according to the pre-collected image features. Vector quantization is a very simple image compression scheme. We have applied vector quantization to extract features from grayscale image. In order to speed up the retrieval process, we also calculated the mean pixel values of whole images and the central part of the image to filter the images, which are significantly dissimilar to the query image.\r The experimental results show that our proposed approaches can effectively extract features from the image and enable users to retrieve images from image database quickly and accurately. When images stored in image database match query image, the proposed scheme can instantly retrieve the stored image at the first rank. Even though images stored in image database query image exactly, the proposed scheme can instantly retrieve the stored image over 74.3% at the first five ranks.

我們利用兩種食品添加物-海藻酸鈉及明膠來模擬晶球在人體中的變化過程，以解開晶球在人體之謎。研究結果發現，此兩種材質濃度太高或太低會無法成球形，因此，海藻酸鈉膠球濃度須以1%、3%及5%;明膠膠球濃度則以25%、30%及40%，讓其在不同的酸鹼值環境下，進行測試實驗。而這些材質及濃度之下，呈現出較符合人體模擬條件的是海藻酸鈉膠球濃度3%及明膠濃度40%，因此，我們選此兩種材質及濃度度來進行模擬人體生理狀態之實驗，實驗結果顯示，明膠膠球由於會受限於溫度的影響，無法達到我們的要求，而海藻酸鈉膠球的實驗結果則較接近光泉晶球。因此，我們成功地模擬了晶球在人體中可能的變化狀況，讓我們知道晶球對於優酪乳中的益菌，真的發揮了相當大的保護作用哦!