Adducin蛋白在細胞骨架的調節上扮演著重要的角色。然而，近來有許多研究指出，骨架蛋白也會出現在細胞核並參與轉錄調控，因此本研究的目的即在探討adducin蛋白是否會進入細胞核中，並參與轉錄調控或具有其他功能。在本研究中，我們將綠色螢光蛋白(GFP)標示的adducin質體DNA，利用轉染技術送入老鼠纖維母細胞株NIH3T3中表現。NIH3T3細胞原本並無adducin蛋白的表現，在共軛焦顯微鏡下觀察，野生型的GFP-adducin蛋白會表現於細胞核與細胞質中。由於adducin蛋白尾端序列攜有可能往核內運輸的訊號，於是將位在此一訊號中的離胺酸718及離胺酸719進行突變，結果發現此一突變株只能在細胞質中表現。此外，蛋白磷酸脢C(protein kinase C)已知能磷酸化adducin蛋白在絲胺酸716及絲胺酸726的位置，於是假設其磷酸化是否與其在細胞內的分布有關。將adducin的絲胺酸726置換成丙胺酸，並不影響其在細胞內的分布。然而將絲胺酸716置換成丙胺酸後，則完全只在細胞核中表現。由於adducin可分布於細胞核，因此我們懷疑adducin蛋白可能與細胞分裂有關，於是本研究利用流式細胞儀分析adducin轉染後NIH3T3細胞的細胞週期。流式細胞儀的分析結果顯示，攜有GFP-adducin或其突變株的細胞與未經轉染的NIH3T3細胞的細胞週期並沒有顯著差異。其次，為了避免因轉染的效率不高而造成統計上的誤差，我們利用顯微鏡追蹤技術觀察攜有GFP-adducin的細胞株，結果顯示攜有adducin突變株的NIH3T3細胞株仍能正常分裂。再者，因為adducin能與細胞骨架中的肌動蛋白結合，所以adducin不同的分布位置可能影響細胞附著與細胞展延的效率。細胞展延試驗的結果顯示，adducin及其突變株對細胞附著與細胞展延的效率並無明顯的影響。本研究的結果證明，adducin的確帶有往核內運輸的訊號，其在細胞質中的分布可能也同時受到絲胺酸716磷酸化的影響。然而adducin的功用似乎與纖維母細胞的分裂與展延無明顯的關聯性。Adducin, an actin binding protein, is known to play an important role in the regulation of the membrane cortical cytoskeleton. More and more evidence indicates that proteins involved in the cytoskeletal regulation could also reside in the nucleus and participate in gene regulation. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine whether adducin is expressed in the nucleus and involved in certain nuclear events. In this study, adducin and its various mutants were fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and transfected into mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts which do not have endogenous adducin for monitoring their subcellular distribution under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The wild-type GFP-adducin was found to be present both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. The COOH-tail of adducin contains a motif analogous to the nuclear localization signal (NLS). Mutation of two lysine residues (lysine 718 and lysine 719) located within this motif abolished the nuclear localization of adducin. Moreover, adducin is known to be phosphorylated by protein kinase C at serine 716 and 726. Substitution of adducin serine 726 with alanine had no effect on its subcellular localization. In contrast, substitution of adducin serine 716 with alanine led to only nuclear expression. Nuclear localization of adducin renders it possible that adducin may be involved in the regulation of cell division cycle. For cell cycle analysis, flow cytometry was applied. The results of flow cytometry indicated that expression of adducin and its mutants in NIH3T3 fibroblasts did not affect their cell cycle progression. To further examine the effect of adducin on cell division, NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected by adducin were monitored by time lapse video microscopy. The video clearly showed that the cells with GFP-adducin underwent cell division to generate two daughter cells. Since adducin is well known to bind to actin and thereby regulate microfilaments, we wondered that expression of adducin in NIH3T3 cells might affect their adhesion and spreading onto extracellular matrix proteins. The results of cell spreading assays showed that adducin appeared not to affect cell spreading. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the subcellular distribution of adducin is likely regulated by two signals, one is the nuclear localization signal and the other is the phosphorylation status of the serine 716. However, enforced expression of exogenous adducin in fibroblasts such as NIH3T3 cells does not alter their cell cycle or cell spreading on fibronectin.

當要抄寫文章的時候，光是看到很多字就會讓人覺得厭煩，其中還會發現很多字重複出現（例如：的、都、會…等）；不只如此，同偏旁或是部首的部分也重複出現頗多。因此想藉由這次的研究，把手寫的文字，藉由電腦程式將其拆解成多個部份，再和其他部份重新結合，即可組成更多不同的字，若計劃一下輸入之文字，便可簡便的組成一句話甚至一篇文章，再者，這些字都是由自己手寫出來的，因此，創造出來的字便如同一組自己的手寫字體，不但使用上具有個人特徵，而且列印出來之後，就如同一個一個我的個人化手寫字。

我們研究校園、社區、家中的蟑螂，並觀察各種蟑螂的特徵，且和找到的資料核對，以便確認蟑螂的種類，結果發我們捉到的種類有六種，分別是美洲、澳洲、德國、家屋、疑似東方水蠊、棕色蟑螂，每一種蟑螂都有牠獨特的特徵。

茄子和紫色高麗菜都具有花青素，但紫色高麗菜烹煮過依然可以保有紫色，可是茄子卻會褐變，使得茄子無法當做指示劑，因此我們進行一連串實驗尋找影響茄子褐變的原因及所在部位，以及影響茄子酵素褐變的活化溫度和各種抑制茄子酵素褐變的調味料及最佳的烹煮方式。結果發現：水溫在60~80℃、油溫在80~90℃時，最會引起茄子褐變；而影響茄子褐變的酵素存在於果肉，且較成熟的部位酵素含量較多；高濃度的酸性、鹼性溶液和維生素C 會破壞酵素，使茄皮的花青素保留。

(一)由兩個問題談起：問題一：有一自然數，被 3 除之餘 2 ，被 5 除之餘 3 ，被 7 除之餘 2 , 則滿足條件之嬝小自然數為何？問題二：有一多項函數其次數至多為 3 ，而其圖形含有下列四點， (-1 , 2 ) , ( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 ，-2 ) , ( 2 , 2 ) ，則此多項函數為何？

「哇啊！居然有澱粉！這真的太奇怪啦！」 葉片被鋁箔紙包覆、沒有光線、不能行光合作用的部份檢驗出澱粉，有照光的地方反而澱粉消失了，這真是不可思議。因此我們針對植物特性進行分析、改變光照條件等影響因素，重複的進行遮光實驗。研究結果顯示，植物光合作用最終產生的澱粉是儲存在葉肉細胞與維管束細胞，而造成異常結果的原因，則與遮光時間有關。隨遮光時間增加，遮光區的澱粉量會先逐漸減少再逐漸增加。而照光區的澱粉量會隨遮光區澱粉的重新增加而減少，一直到遮光區的澱粉累積範圍接近分界，照光區澱粉才會重新累積，逐漸增加。我們發現了一個與課本理論相反的結果！

上自然課時，老師在教月亮以及太陽這個單元時都用了一個Stellarium模擬軟體，我們發現從這個軟體可以觀察以前我們所無法觀察到的天體，感覺很有趣也很容易了解。藉著本研究主題，我們終於可以一探有關太陽移動軌跡的秘密，而不必透過長期的觀測，更可藉由軟體的功能，進行地球與金星上太陽在空中移動軌跡的實驗研究，讓我們了解到，原來太陽位置的變化是受到了行星自轉軸傾斜角度及其自轉、公轉的方向與速度的影響，並且觀察者所在的觀察地點的不同也會發現太陽有不同的位置變化情形。這次的探究活動，讓我們印證了課本中所學到有關太陽的概念，並相信太陽有可能打從西邊出來，只是，不是發生在地球上。

流量計在實驗室與工業領域裡是重要的儀器，如今已經有數十種依不同物理原理而發展出來的型式，可以配合多變的環境需求與測量條件而使用。然而，各種流量計所適用的範圍備受侷限。本研究主要目的在發展一種熱線式的渦流流量計，供給氣體之流量量測之用。透過自行製作儀器與設備：熱線測速儀(包括探針、探棒及電子處理器)和渦旋產生器(管道中含一三角形截面之鈍體，當流體通過時，在後方尾流產生週期性渦旋逸放)。由於熱線測速儀擁有偵測流體運動時高頻動態變化的能力(約為20000 Hz 以內)，因此結合熱線測速儀與渦旋產生器，經適當的設計與調校，可以測得在不同流體流速時渦旋產生器的三角截面鈍體後方渦旋逸放的頻率。由於渦旋產生器的截面面積為固定值，因此可以從而計算出流量與渦旋逸放頻率的關係。經由嚴格的校準與驗證步驟，本研究的結果顯示自製的熱線測速儀擁有極佳的渦旋頻率偵測能力，所量測到的校準曲線顯示渦旋產生器的三角形截面柱所產生的渦旋逸放頻率與流量成線性關係。為了降低誤差，建議在0 ~ 40 CMM 之量測範圍內分成三條方程式來代表不同範圍內的校準曲線，最大誤差僅在5%以下。若需使用在不同的流量範圍時，僅需改變渦流產生器和幾何尺寸，以使渦旋逸放頻率適合於熱線測速儀的動態響應範圍即可。倘若商品化之後，可以實際應用於風扇流量量測、引擎進氣埠流量的測量等等應用。熱線測速儀本身也可作為風速計，適用於各種場合之風速量測。Flow meter is a instrument that is vital to the laboratory as well as the industrial related field. Based on different physical principles, tens of models that work in harmony with the diverse environmental demands and measurement conditions are developed to date. However, the application of varied flow meters is still under severe restriction. The purpose of this study is to develop a hot-wire type of vortex shedding flow meter for the use of flow rate measurement. Through the home-made apparatus and device, the hot-wire anemometer (includes probe, stem and electronic processor) and the vortex generator. (duct that contains triangle’s section of the bluff body. When fluid passes through, the wake behind produces periodical vortex shedding.) The ability of hot-wire anemometer when it detects the fluid moving changes of high-frequent movement is within 2000Hz, after appropriate design and adjustment, the combination of hot-wire anemometer and vortex generator may investigate the frequency of different flow rate that generated from the vortex shedding behind the bluff body of triangle section. The section area of vortex generator is constant value, thus it can calculate the relationship of flow rate and the frequency of vortex shedding. By means of strict calibration and test procedure, the results reveal that home-made hot-wire anemometer has excellent ability to detect the frequency of vortex shedding. The calibration curve indicates a linear relationship between the frequency of vortex shedding and flow rate. In order to reduce inaccuracy, it is suggested to classify three formulas to represent the flow rate that ranges from 0 ~ 40 CMM. The greatest inaccuracy is under 5%. When applied to different flow rate range, it only has to change the size of vortex generator only if the response frequency of hot-wire anemometer suit for the range of frequency of vortex generator. After commercialization, it can be applied to measure the flow rate of fans, flow rate of intake valve of engine, etc. Hot-wire anemometer also served as anemometer, which can be applied to wind velocity measurement in any situation.

Two soldiers walk on a checkerboard. They can only walk one step once a time and two directions, front and left, are decided randomly. The gunshot is the column and row where a soldier is located, and one will die if he enters the gunshot area of the other. To treat the probability of winning, we first study the cases of 1×n, 2×n, 3×n, and 4×n rectangles iterately. Then we establish a general form of the probability of winning in a general n×k rectangle by using recurrence technique and generating function, respectively. Finally, we extend to the general n×m×k cuboid case to obtain the first soldier’s probability of winning.在一個長方形的棋盤中，兩士兵行走，每一次只走一步，而且上和左兩個方向是隨機的，射程範圍是所在的此行和此列，而進入他人射程範圍則死亡。探討其獲勝機率，從1×n 、2×n、3×n、4×n 矩形的情形逐步研究，並分別運用遞迴式的技巧及生成函數，導出 n×k 矩形中先走士兵獲勝機率的一般式。更進一步地，我們也獲得了n×m×k 立體空間先走士兵的獲勝機率。

The highly water-absorbing polymers were prepared by the reaction of acrylic acid as a graft\r monomer and natural starch (eg. rice starch, sticky rice starch or corn starch) as the backbone\r using water hydrogen peroxide and vitamin C as solvent, initiator and catalyst, respectively. The\r reaction was carried out by mixing of starch in distilling water and stirring at 60-70 ℃ for 3\r hours and then cooled to 30℃ Acrylic acid was added and the pH was adjusted to 6-9 by the\r addition of limestone powder. To the stirred mixture were then added hydrogen peroxide (30%\r v/v) and vitamin C and continued stirring for 3 hours until the solution became viscous The\r viscous solution was neutralized with potassium hydroxide (30%v/v) to give the pH for 6.5-7\r and allowed to cool to room temperature overnight. The resulting solution was spread on\r winnowing baskets and allowed to dry under the sun to yield a continuous absorbent polymer\r film. The absorbent polymer film was ground and yield of white powder, The above procedure\r was repeated by using another types of starch. The ability of starch slurry to swell on heating, by\r absorption of water, is it’s most important practical property. Rice starch has very low swelling\r capacity in aqueous media compare with sticky rice starch and corn starch. The capacities of\r water-absorbing polymer were tested by placing polymer powder in the beaker and adding of\r water until it swell and cannot absorb more water. The polymers were found to be an excellent\r water absorbent, which absorbed water about 248, 245 and 167 times in weight of polymer for\r corn starch, sticky rice starch and rice starch, respectively. The water retention was calculated by\r measuring the amount of water releasing after every week for 10 weeks. They have also good\r water retention capacity. The swollen polymers were mixed with soil in ratio 1:3 and the\r increasing water holding capacity of soils which promotes more efficient plant growth in pot were\r test. It was found that the soil could be absorbed water for 10 weeks. It is possible to use highly\r water-absorbing polymers from natural starch in agriculture because they are low in cost and the\r polysaccharide main portion of the product is biodegradable

「血壓」的定義是人體血液在血管流動時，對血管壁所形成的壓力，一般我們在量血壓時都是測量「上臂動脈」的血壓。如果收縮壓超過140毫米汞柱，或舒張壓超過90毫米汞柱，或是兩者都超過標準，就表示有高血壓的現象。 \r \r 形成高血壓最主要的原因是因為血管壁有斑塊（plaque）沈積。斑塊是黃色的蠟狀物質，由各種細胞組成，包括膽固醇。斑塊一旦在血管內壁附著，血管壁就越來越厚，可供血液流動的血管就越來越細；心臟為了送出足量的血液，所受到的阻力就越大，所以必須用更大的力量去推動，使得心跳速率加快，每分鐘的脈搏次數增加，因此就會有高血壓的症狀產生。而高血糖與糖尿病相關，但是並沒有直接的關係；尿液中有血則是泌尿道系統出問題，並非由高血壓造成。