在本次實驗中，我們發現溶液中的帶電離子，會因為離子團的熱運動，和電偶極的庫倫吸引力(electric dipole)的交互作用下，使得電解質溶液的I-V curve(電流-電壓 曲線)，具有類似磁滯曲線(Hysteresis curve)的效果，同時我們運用光學干涉的原理，證實此時在電場作用下，離子團會互相順著電場方向作條列鍵結，而加熱實驗也證實，熱運動會使溶液的I-V curve(電流-電壓 曲線)變的不一樣。另一方面，我們也發現，在給予電解質溶液一外加的衝擊電壓時，該溶液的電荷分布，?會因為彼此的互相擠壓以及自由擴散的作用下，而形成一震盪分布，其所顯現出來的，則是電壓的震盪變化。最後由於震盪波紋的變化，在起始時與中段之後有著明顯差異，我們對此變化提出看法和證實，相信內容是精采可期的！ In this experiment, with the interaction of the heating action of ionic atmosphere and electric dipole, we find that ionic in the liquor makes the I-V curve in the electrolyte liquor show up with the effect similar to Hysteresis curve. Meanwhile, we practice the principle of interference to prove that at this moment, under the influence of electric field, ionic atmosphere will connect to each other in line following the direction of the electric field. It is also proven that in the heating experiment, heating action will make I-V curve in the liquor different.On the other hand, we also find with extra electric impact, the charge distribution of the liquor will form a oscillation, that is, the changes of the voltage oscillation under the inter-collision and the free spread. We offer our viewpoints and proofs about the obvious changes of oscillation wave in their beginning stage and after their middle stage. We believe that the marvelous content is surely worth of your expectation.

醬油為國民用活所不能缺乏之調味品，具有歷史淵源；周禮天官篇：「膳夫掌王饒、食醬百有二十甕。」史記；「通都大邑，醢醬千甕，此干乘三家。」1 今隨生活水準的日漸提高對調味料之選擇亦愈精細，不但要滿足色香味必要的物理條件外，尚需注軍營養素的質、量等化學醫療。據目前製造醬油後之醬渣，經分析結果；殘留蛋白質甚多棄之可惜。若作為飼料有過鹹才嫌。用於肥料，影響上壤pH 值。背時，曾使之灰化後，收回盒鹽。無論如何，在經濟價值上，殊堪可惜。若能改善製造方法，使蛋白質利用率折高，當可降低成本，增加生產。此為當前工商業所重視的問題。本研究即針對對問題，以不同方法製造醬油，再分析成品及醬渣中蛋白質的含量情形，以明瞭何種製造方法最為有利。

在凝相那章當老師講到液體正常沸點時，告訴我們許多非極性液體之莫耳汽化熱直接比例於正常沸點，此規律性稱為特魯頓法則（ Trouton ' 5 Rule ）。又溶液蒸氣點下降溶液沸點上升均與溶質之濃度有關，此規定性稱為拉干爾特定律（ Raoult ' 5 Law )。在凝相鍵結 中講到氫鍵時告訴我們氣鍵對沸點與莫耳汽化熱均有影響，因此我們覺得懷疑極性分子如 H2O 與 C2H5OH是否亦能遵守特魯頓法則？含有必 C-O-H及 OH 基之有機物溶于非極性溶劑是否亦能遵守拉干爾特定律？為了滿足我們的好奇心因此決定做這個實驗。

校園植栽上有白色綿絮狀生物，經調查和觀察後發現是埃及吹綿介殼蟲(Iceryaaegyptiaca)。一齡若蟲行動活躍找尋適當棲地後行固著生活，以絲狀口器吸食植物汁液。本研究調查埃及吹綿介殼蟲在榕樹及紅雀珊瑚的分佈位置，並比較蟲體各齡期的形態及蠟泌物分佈，結果發現蠟泌物有強疏水性，由長形、弧形和圈圈狀纖維構成，成蟲體側左右各10根蠟絲，蠟絲長度約體長1~2倍，具保護、偽裝、防雨、保護卵和一齡若蟲等功能。一齡和二齡若蟲背部尾端有蠟管，直徑約人類頭髮的1/5-1/6倍，會不斷由基部向前延長，速率約3.5mm/天，蠟管末端會排出葡萄糖含量極高的蜜露，藉蠟管的延長和斷裂可將蜜露排離身體；三齡至成蟲不具蠟管，但全身布滿疏水蠟泌物，蜜露排出後直接沿蠟絲滑離身體。

渦環是生活中一種很有趣的小玩意兒，就和煙圈類似，有它形成的原理和條件。然而，要描述它的運動模式，或是探討不同因素對渦環造成的影響，似乎不甚容易！ 所幸，現在物理的教學資源豐富，我們使用現代化記錄器材與免費物理運動分析軟體-Tracker，使得我們不需用昂貴的實驗器材，也可以針對渦環的運動作準確的研究。 我們想知道液滴從不同高度落入水中，對於渦環的最大深度、垂直下降速度與環部的直徑擴張有何關係？不同的水溫或在水中加入清潔劑，對渦環有什麼影響？液滴在任何高度滴落水中都會形成渦環嗎？液滴重量與最大高度有何關係？是否可以在其他方向注入液滴而形成渦環？經過一系列的探究活動之後，讓我們對於渦環的運動有了更深一層的體認。

在此研究中，我們用類似反演變換的方法，以一個定圓創立並證明了一種新的幾何變換，稱為 「調和變換」 · 我們得到點、直線、圓與圓錐曲線經過變換的關係 ·。1 .直線可以映射成原直線或一圓錐曲線 · 2.圓可以映射成一種特殊曲線。 3 .圓錐曲線可以映射成兩條圓錐曲線或一條圓錐曲線和一直線。此外我們還發現調和變換和反演變換的特殊關係 · 最後，由於調和變換可以簡化圓錐曲線的關係，我們將調和變換應用在行星輾些的證明上，並得到了良好的結果。In this research, we use a method similar to the inversion to establish a new geometric transformation, called harmonic transformation, by a fixed circle O, we prove some of its properties. We have gotten the relationship among points. lines, circs, conies and their images: 1 .The image of a line is a conic or a line itself. 2.Thc image of a circle is a special category of curve. 3.The image of a conic with its focus at the center of O is two conies or a line and a conic. Further mote, we also find the special connection between harmonic transformation and inversion. Finally, since the harmonic transformation can simplify the conic, we apply the harmonic transformation to identify the orbit of a planet, and obtain a nice conclusion.

現代的建築物均往上空發展，學校新建教室、公寓、醫院均在數層樓。小兒麻痺症的學生上下樓上教室，老人、病人上下公寓或醫院樓梯非常不便，所以引起我們研究設計一種可以上下樓梯又能在室內（平地）推動的兩用輸椅，解決這些殘疾的人「行」的困難。

The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the floral biology of Jatropha curcas Linn. as well as its possible pollinators, (2) the correlation between the number of pollen on stigma and the frequency of floral visitors, (3) the attractiveness of essential oil extracts from three species of Lamiaceae, i.e. Hyptis suaveolens, Plectranthus ambonicus and Orthosiphon aristatus, to Apis florae, (4) the repellent effect of crude extracts from three species of Graminae, i.e. Imperata cylindrica, Eleusine indica and Dactyloctenium aegyptium, on Polyphagotarsonemus latus, and (5) the effect of appropriate combination between lamiacean essential oil and graminaceous crude extract on the percentage of fruit setting and insect pest protection. \r Jatropha curcas is monoecious plants with tiny male and female flowers borne on the same paniculate cyme. One plant produces 15-30 inflorescence. Each inflorescence composes of 70-120 florets, and only 4-8 florets are successfully setting fruits. Each flower takes approximately 17 days in developing from floral bud till floral opening. The appropriate time for pollination is from 09.00 am to 10.00 am. While bees, wasps, hornets, flies and dragonflies are its potential pollinators, mites, aphids and worms are its harmful insect pests. \r Three volumetric, 1, 3, 6 and 9 ml, of each essential oil extracts were separately sprayed on each observed inflorescence. According to the experiment, 6 and 9 ml of each of the essential oil extracts give similar effective outcome, However, The H. suaveolens extract at 6 ml is the most effective attractant for A. florae. because it uses less of the oil extracts.\r Four concentrations, 0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 % and 2.0 % of each of the crude extracts from three graminaceous plants were sprayed on each tested plants separately. Concentations above 1.0% consistently provided an effective biocidal activity against Imperata cylindrica , however 1.0% is accecptable. because it uses a reduced level of the crude extracts\r The combination of H. suaveolens’s essential oil and I. cylindrica crude extract both significantly enhanced fruit setting of J. curcas and protected the plant from Polyphagotarsonemus latus without adverse effect on its pollinators.

本研究的目的在於探討蜻蜓兩對翅膀在不同的相位差之下對升力有什麼影響。在觀察蜻蜓及察閱相關網站、研究後發現蜻蜓前後翅的相為差有相差0.5 週期、相差0.25 週期、同週期三種不同振翅方式。在界定欲實驗的種類和評估現有的能力及資源後，決定研究加上相差為0.125 週期的四種振翅方式，於無風條件、相同的振翅頻率下進行實驗，測量其升力的變化週期。測量結果參照前人的文獻後發現，0.5週期產生的升力雖最小，但最平穩，所以為蜻蜓最常用的飛行方式。而0.25 週期升力會疊加，往下的力被抵銷，故為向上加速時使用。 ;The purpose of this study is to investigate the phase-shift between the front-pair and rear-pair wings on the maximum lift of a dragonfly. As observing the flight of a dragonfly and the literature survey from web sides, it has been observed that the general phase-shift modes of the dragonfly are in-phase-shift, 1/2 period and 1/4 period. It has been decided to include a 1/8 period phase-shift mode into the known three modes under the no wind condition with a fixed flapping frequency, the cyclic lift force of the dragonfly wing model has been measured. When it is flapping, we put the model on an electronic scale for measuring the weight of the model. After that we minus the original weight of the model, knowing the increasing or decreasing weight and the extra weight is the lift force. The results show that 1/2 period phase-shift mode produces the least lift force; however, it is the most stable flight, and is being adopted by the dragonfly for level flight. The in-phase-shift mode can produce more lift force on the flapping processes. The 1/4 period phase-shift mode produce the most acceleration, being adopted by the dragonfly for the climb flight.

微孔珊瑚是優良的生物氣候記錄器，可準確記錄海水表面水溫、陸源沉積物通量和其他微量海水組成等，已成為熱帶氣候變遷研究的重要工具。然而，珊瑚成長速率則顯著受限於海水表溫影響（邱景星，1999）。太陽是地表能量最主要來源，其活動狀態能深遠掌控地球氣候變化，因此其週期性變動規律，已成為近期地球科學家探討環境變遷的重要資訊。 本研究以台灣東南外海綠島採集的微孔珊瑚骨骼樣本，藉由X-ray精確測量其年平均生長速率及觀察骨骼內微量腐殖酸螢光特性，並透過比對太陽輻射量、珊瑚生長與太陽黑子數目的相關性分析，以推倒百年來控制地表氣候變遷的主要因素。 本研究經由頻譜分析、主變量計算、平均標準差和太陽輻射角修正，獲得正確太陽黑子數目、地區性輻射、海水表面溫度和珊瑚生長速率等資料，並討論其間的相互關係。 結果顯示，太陽輻射、海水表面溫度和氣溫有高度正相關（r2>0.62），證實太陽對地球氣候系統的重要性。太陽黑子與輻射資料，則因大氣折射、日照時數等因素影響，正設法解決這些干擾效應；而珊瑚生長速率與海水表面溫度的相關性，則涉及雙極化效應（註）及其他未知因素影響，尚待進一步釐清。 （註）：雙極化效應指珊瑚在過高或過低的環境下，生長速率皆會停止 The skeleton of Porites corals is one of the most useful biogenic recorders, which provide relevant information of abrupt climate change, such as sea surface temperatures (SSTs), riverine sedimentary flux, and seawater compositional variations. Information retrieved from coral skeleton, therefore, has become a powerful tool for studying tropical climate change. The annual growth rate of Porites corals, however, was affected strongly by local SSTs (Chiu, 1999). On the other hand, the climatic condition on Earth surface is regulated significantly by solar activity. Subsequently any intensity or periodicity variation in sunspot activity will cause major global environmental changes. This research aims to study coral skeleton collected from the Orchid Island (Lan-yu) offshore southeastern Taiwan for precise measurement of annual growth rate using X-ray density bands, as well as the luminous characteristics of trace humic acids in skeleton. A systematic comparison among solar irradiation, SSTs and coral growth rate will provide critical information on major factors that may affect environmental changes occurred during the last millennium. In this study, we apply spectrum analyses, principal component, mean standard error method, and modified sun irradiation angle to correct biases presented in the available data of observed sunspot number, local irradiation, SSTs and coral annual growth rate and to examine possible relationships among these factors. We have found excellent correlation coefficient (r2>0.62) in solar irradiation, SSTs and air-temperature, which support the importance of solar irradiation to the earth surface climate. However, effects on cloud and length of sun irradiation need further investigation to emphasize the importance of sunspot activity to the annual growth rate of Porites corals. No straight forward relationships were observed between coral growth rate and local SSTs due to complicated biological effect (1*) or other unknown factors, waits for further investigation in the near future. 1* Complicated biological effect means that coral may stop growing their skeletons when the temperature it lives in is over range for growth.

Smoothened (SMO) is a critical component of Hedgehog (HH) pathway that is essential for stem cell renewal and is dysregulated in many cancer types. SMO is a seven transmembrane domain protein with three intracellular loops. Primary structures of SMO intracellular loops are unique and very much conserved among the species, which is indicative of significant and unique roles in intermolecular or intramolecular interactions. The hypothesis was that synthetic analogs of SMO intracellular loops may function as HH pathway inhibitors. Derivatives of second intracellular loop were synthesized utilizing automated solid phase peptide synthesis based on Fmoc chemistry. Peptides were purified by HPLC and there anti-proliferative activity tested on melanoma cells by MTT assay. Targeted libraries of second loop derivatives of varying length helped to identify compounds that inhibited the growth of melanoma cells in vitro with IC50 in nanomolar range. The most potent of antagonists obtained is the palmitoyl derivative of the Nterminal half of the loop, and is 12 residues long. Lipidation proved to be critical for the activity. Remarkably, retro-inverso versions of the peptide, in which all amino acids are in D-configuration, are even more potent and have IC50 in subnanomolar range. Circular dichroism studies proved that the peptides are folded both in aqueous solutions and in the presence of lipids mimicking the membrane environment. They also suggested that retroinverso analogs have a different fold, which may contribute to higher activity. The new compounds are promising drug candidates and present convenient tools for solving the\r mechanisms of hedgehog signaling.