我們上次參加台北市第二十二屆中小學科學展覽會，很榮幸，獲得了優等。在會場裡，我們看到大家版面上貼的書面紙，有各種顏色，五彩繽紛，十分耀眼。我們聯想到現在的工商業社會，紙的需求量很大，大量的砍伐樹木，廢紙愈積愈多。我們想，能不能把廢紙回收，重新製造成有用的紙，而不造成污染又節省資源呢？於是，我們幾位同學，請教了老師，做了以下的實驗。

(a) Purpose of Research To investigate the wave conditions offshore along the South African coast to determine wave heights, intervals, and patterns. These results have demonstrated the power potential of ocean waves and identified sites for offshore power stations. The waves off of the South African coast are the most viable, as they have wave heights of between 2.7m (9ft) and 14.6m (48ft). It is also to assist in the development of my power station design, through research into offshore wave composition, principles, periods and characteristics. (b) Procedures I have used various calculations including the surface pressure of salt water per square meter to calculate the potential power produced by a buoy. These figures have been expressed in Kilowatt Hours, and are then able to be divided by the known consumption of a single USA household in 1 year. A figure of the amount of households that can be supplied by a single generator will then be reached. An approximate power output for a single buoy is between 200 and 300 homes per year (Dependant on wave height) A concept for a maintenance free electrical generator suitable for marine use has been investigated. The design will be made as: ● A working demonstration model capable of producing electricity, which consists of a Rotary Induction Generator, ● a scale model to show the appearance of one such generator & ● A large scale model to show how generators can be congregated to form a power station offshore. (c) Data Utilising the calculations of potential power output and the wave data, the financial viability of the generator has been calculated, in relation to current fossil fuel power stations, down to a cost per Kilowatt. Wave data from international marine monitoring websites that provide real time wave condition graphs, have been tracked by myself daily for over 1 month and recorded to provide a large data resource. This provides wave heights of multiple weather systems as well as averages. Costs have been investigated from Internet sources for electrical integration to the national power grid, as well as the generator manufacture. These are estimates, as the exact specifications of my device cannot be finalised without further prototypical research. (d) Conclusion With conclusions reached by thorough research into wave dynamics, weather patterns and their effects on wave heights, Rotary induction power generation and costs related to multiple power systems, I intend to demonstrate fully to the International Electrical Producers, that coal fired power plants are more costly and environmentally damaging than my revolutionary concept for a truly economically viable, ocean based generator system.

Purpose Every fall, I collect highbush cranberries (Viburnum edule) to make jelly. In 2012, for the first time, I observed highbush cranberry leaves covered in striking patterns of raised purple dots (telia) caused by the pathogenic rust fungus Puccinia linkii. I investigated the distribution and effects of this rust for several reasons: little is known about P. linkii, highbush cranberries are an important food source for wildlife and people, and foliar pathogens may increase with climate change in sub-boreal forests. First, I investigated the patterns of telia within plants. Second, I compared the variation in infection severity among plants, hypothesising that younger plants, those in dense populations, and those in low-elevation riparian areas would be most infected. Finally, I studied the effects of P. linkii on its host, hypothesising that highly infected plants would produce fewer berries and produce berries with less sugar, and that infected leaves would die sooner. Procedures This study investigated P. linkii in mixed coniferous-deciduous forest sites near Smithers, British Columbia. I marked a total of 41 randomly-selected focal V. edule plants in four sites. To examine within-plant patterns of infection, I photographed four leaves of each plant and used a graphic analysis program to examine the size, density and coverage of telia. To assess among-plant patterns, I compared infection severity (5 classes of telia coverage), to three ecological variables: host density within 5m, position on a moisture gradient, and plant maturity. To investigate the effects of P. linkii on its host, I compared infection severity to the number of berries produced, the proportion of malformed and infected berries, and the sugar content of mature berries as measured with a handheld refractometer. I measured leaf mortality in fall. Results P. linkii produced a characteristic pattern within each plant: higher leaves consistently had fewer but bigger telia than lower leaves. Across sites, plants were significantly more infected in areas of high host density. Within sites, young plants and plants and in moister ecosystems were significantly more infected (increases of 1.1 ± 0.2; F1,128=44.8, P

從國中開始，我們做過許多電解實驗。我們發現一些電解質水熔液電解僅靠電解質導電致使水電解；而有的卻能連電解質本身都氣化還原，而水亦電解。 然草酸水熔液電解又會產生什麼呢？於是便自行動手做；又發現以鋁為電極電解會發光，更值得加以研究探討。 人才、知識、技術、設備的缺乏，使此次研究分外艱辛，不過仍希望藉科學展覽達到研究相互交流的目的。

This study investigates the possibility that “Digital Buses” would actually be used in real life. In addition to the basic mathematics knowledge that I have acquired over the years, I have used “Microsoft Visual Basic” and “LEGO ROBOLAB SOFTWARE” to implement the idea as a program. It simulates the way in which a digital bus travels in a city with a rectangular grid. Various plans are tested to find the best paths for providing the most efficient, convenient and speedy transportation. This study has not only shown that “Digital Buses” are sure to be used in a modern city when wireless communication networks has developed to a certain point, but also supplied a framework for future researchers who may wish to study the optimal way in which more than one digital buses could efficiently run in cities according to their population distributions and road arguments, in order to overcome the traffic problems from the current bus systems. 本研究探討數位公車在人類未來生活中實際運行的可行性。本人以所學的數學知識進行公車路徑規劃，並透過「樂高機器人控制系統」以及Microsoft Visual Basic 軟體程式之撰寫，在棋盤式城市區域中模擬公車行駛情境，靈活搭配各種方案找出最佳路徑，達到便利快捷的高運輸效能。本研究顯示當現代化都市無線通訊網路發達到一定的程度時，數位公車的發展是可以預期的。本研究之結果可提供後續研究者繼續探討多台數位公車在實際都市中依人口分佈、道路狀況來規劃最佳行駛路徑，以解決現今機械公車無法克服之繁雜交通困境。

此研究的目的是要設計出一套完整編輯顯現數學式、加以計算，並求出解的一套方法與成品。而這項工作的執行者，在此稱之Equatetor 。一般的數學式子，若要計算的話，普通的計算機是不足夠的。原因是它們沒有辦法表現出數學式的「原貌」，例如分號、指數、函數、根號等數學符號混在一起時的情況。於是，我便擬定了一個研究，希望設計出一套更方便且實用的方法。換句話說，我要設計出一個功能強大的工程計算機程式。其中，自然牽扯到數學式子的顯現方式（以MathML 實現），以及計算機科學的演算法及資料結構。我主要的目的有四：(1) 顯示數學式(2) 方便編輯數學式(3) 計算數學式(4) 處理可以以不同形式輸出解答的計算（如輸出分數、根號、函數解等）。研究結果中，成功地運用XML 中的MathML 與二分逼近分數等演算法及若干資料結構，達到了以下實用的幾點：(1) 結構化的數學式編輯(2) 完整地顯示數學式(3) 正確運算並輸出運算式的答案(4) 提供一般數學形式之解（非小數之解）;The object of this study is to design a method and processor which is able to edit, display a mathematical expression representing a number, calculate and output the answer. The executor of this task is called Equatetor. Normal calculators are not adequate for this kind of task. The main reason is that they can’t reveal the original expression, such as fractions, radicals, exponents or mathematic functions. Therefore, a simple and convenient method is needed. To perform the possible way of handling those tasks, a computer program has been written. Several techniques were used, such as MathML, computing algorithms, data structures, and so on. Following are main purposes: (1) Displaying mathematical expressions. (2) Editing mathematical expressions simply. (3) Calculating mathematical expressions. (4) Outputting the answers(in different expressions). And the achievements:(1) Structured methods of editing of mathematical expressions. (2) Displaying mathematical expressions completely. (3) Calculating mathematical expressions precisely. (4) Offering answers in different expressions.

In the last two decades, there has been increased interest in the utility of quantum scale semiconductors. These fluorescent single crystals can be as small as 1 nm in diameter, and their size and shape has been shown to be controlled by the duration, temperature, and ligand molecules used in their synthesis. Quantum dots, provide clear benefits over the organic dyes currently used for tracking biological processes. Yet, as the production of quantum dots is often very costly, the search continues for finding an industry-ready synthesis for a quantum scale semiconductor which would have high yield, optimal durability, high luminescence, and a broad absorbance range. Silicon, in particular, has been of great interest as it is the second most abundant element on the Earth’s crust and is generally a bioinert and electrochemically stable element. We report the synthesis of water-soluble, luminescent silicon nanoparticles with potential applications to bioimaging. Through a solution state top-down approach, the synthesis of hydrogen capped silicon nanoparticles was achieved in various organic solvents. The surface of the nanoparticles was capped with the functional organic molecules rendering the Si-QDs both air and water stable. Cell studies performed with our silicon nanoparticles and human monocytes show the direct applications these particles could have for tracking biological processes and the progression of cancer in the human body. In attempt to shift the luminescence of these particles, alterations of experimental methodology was also explored in the areas of reaction solvent and heating time. Through these changes, shape control of silicon nanoparticles was achieved in the form of silicon nanorods. The synthesis of this new shape of silicon at the quantum scale was confirmed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The results of this study indicate that the use of silicon nanocrystals for biomedical applications is feasible.

本研究針對疏散星團NGC2099的年齡與視直徑來進行探討，利用冷卻CCD進行恆星的UBV光度觀測，藉由拍攝到的照片進行雜訊移除、測量儀器星等及視星等修正等步驟後，繪出NGC2099星色-星等圖(CMD)並分析之，求得NGC2099的年齡約在108.5~108.6年之間，紅化值為0.1 ± 0.02，並利用距離模數公式求得該星團的距離為5433.21 ± 499.00pc，再以數星與統計方法求得該星團在赤經方向之視直徑為21 ± 0.5角分、赤緯方向之視直徑為13 ± 0.5角分後，再藉由弧長公式計算得到星團直徑在赤經方向為33.26 ± 3.84ly，赤緯方向為22.43 ±0.86ly。

掃描器用久了，各項元件難免會老舊，掃描出來的影像色彩與原稿有不小的差異，或許可用色彩管理軟體來校正掃描影像與原稿間的色彩差異，但是其價格昂貴，非一般使用者可以負擔。本篇研究以便宜的標準色彩導表，配合使用多項式迴歸分析法發展出針對掃描影像的色彩校正方法，無論從理論數據上的探討以及實際影像上的測試看來，我們的方法確實有效，能讓原有的色彩較精準地重現。

依據拉午耳定律，在稀薄溶液的條件下，其熔點下降溫度△T恆與溶質之重量莫耳濃度Cm成正比，亦即△T=KfCm，Kf被定義為莫耳熔點下降常數。又前人實驗出，純水熔點亦會因侷限在孔洞中而下降，稱超冷水。探討論文後發現熔點下降量與孔徑有之關係，我們便思考水溶液在空間侷限下是否也會有類似現象？於是我們將不同濃度的葡萄糖水溶液置於孔洞中測量其熔點。實驗發現葡萄糖水溶液在固定的孔洞中，熔點亦隨溶質之莫耳濃度上升而下降，符合拉午耳定律。改變孔徑的大小，進一步發現莫耳熔點下降常數k會隨著孔徑縮小而增大。顯然水溶液的熔點可同時受到空間侷限與溶質的莫耳濃度所影響，因此加入葡萄糖後，水溶液除遵循拉午耳定律的影響外，又使其熔點進一步下降。如何將拉午耳定律從單純的溶質的莫耳濃度函數，推導含蓋侷限空間R因子的通一公式，亦即更廣義的拉午耳定律:△T=k(R)×Cm是本計劃的主要目標。

本研究在不改變傳統汽車電動後視鏡機械結構下，設計出一可自動調整後視鏡視角的智慧型汽車後視鏡。本研究首先以真值表研究電動後視鏡的機電特性，並藉以設計出一可以與原先人工控制後視鏡並存之驅動電路。微電腦單晶片被使用來控制後視鏡之轉向時間及轉向條件。後視鏡之轉角偵測乃利用方向盤帶動齒輪，藉由齒輪間的傳動並利用位置編碼器將轉角資訊轉換成為電訊號，並將訊號傳送至單晶片來控制後視鏡之轉向時間。研究結果顯示，一可隨方向盤轉動而自動改變後視鏡視角之汽車後視鏡確能減少開車時視角的因轉向而減少的問題。