在眾多的蝴蝶中有不少是具有眼斑。傳統上認為眼斑的功能是驚嚇天敵或欺騙天敵。有關眼斑本身結構的瞭解很少。我們利用臺灣及馬祖產的蝴蝶，分別記錄圖鑑上峽蝶、眼蝶及灰蝶合計 60 種以上，以及鳳蝶幼蟲七種的眼斑特性。記錄的眼斑特性包括數目、組成的色彩結構，以及記錄眼斑在翅的腹面或背面明顯。進一步測暈孔雀峽蝶、台灣波眼蝶、蘇鐵小灰蝶等三種蝴蝶的眼斑和翅面積。眼斑在腹面及背面都有，但以腹面明顯者佔多數，而眼斑數 l 一 7 個都有，在後翅者佔多數。眼斑慕本是由數個同心圓組成，分別為輪廓、眼白、虹彩及障孔。在峽蝶及眼蝶的結構都相當完整，輪廓為褐或深褐，眼白為黃色為主，虹彩都為黑色或深褐色，障孔為白色或淡藍色。在灰蝶的眼斑較不完整，大都輪廓不清晰，眼白的黃色或橙色部份比例高，但都缺少障孔。幼蟲有眼斑成蟲不一定有。鳳蝶的幼蟲（ 8 種）都為綠色，其眼斑輪廓黑色，眼白為白色及紅色但明顯比上述成蟲的眼斑之眼白部位要小，而黑色的虹彩都很大。幼蟲的障孔為白色的細線形，我們認為這和立體形狀的幼蟲及成蟲平面翅的差異所造成，在文中也討論到水棲蝶魚的眼斑和蝴蝶眼斑的差異。眼斑和翅面積的相關分析結果變異很大，在統計上正相關及負相關都有。眼斑數目的不定及和翅面積並沒有一定關係，我們討論到蝴蝶的眼斑在不同種類有些可能有求偶生殖上的功能。這方面值得科學家大量投入研究。Quite a few species of butterflies have colorful eyespots on their wings. The main functions of these eyespots were considered to startle or deceive predators by most scientific researchers. In fact, only limited literatures dealt with the basic structure and color patterns of butterfly eyespots. The purpose of this study is to study the basic structure and color patterns of these eyespots. We measured the surface area of eyespots v.s. wings from specimens. From the color plates of Taiwan and Matsu butterfly field guide, we recorded the eyespots either on ventral or dorsal side of wings, and the color patterns for more than 60 species. \r The number of eyespots on wings varies from I to 7 among individuals we checked. Majority of eyespots were found on ventral side of wings. The basic structure of eyespots were formed by I to 3 concentric circles, i.e., outboundary, cornea, iris and pupil . Pupil was not found in certain species. The color in cornea section is yellow and in iris is black or dark brown. The contrast in these two areas is quite prominent just as the contrast showed in warning coloration of after animals. The pupil is either white of light blue. Caterpillars with eyespots were found in Papilionidae, their adult stage were without this character. We checked 8 species of caterpillars, their basic structure of eyespots were similar to other butterflies, with cornea, iris and pupil. The cornea is either red or white color, and the iris is black in colors. The ratio(iris/cornea) is much higher in caterpillar than in butterfly. The pupil is a thin thread shape instead of a tiny spot like the one in butterfly wings. We discussed the difference of pupil between juveniles and adults from the aspect of dimension structure of a subject. In the paper we also discussed the difference of eyespots between butterfly and butterfly fish in the coral reef. Base on the no significant relationship between the surface area of eyespots and wings. We suspect that butterfly eyespots may have another function, such as intersexual selection between males and females beside startling and deceiving predators.\r

本實驗的目的在尋找球往上滾的秘密，到底球為什麼能由低的地方往上滾？剛開始我們先利用木桿當軌道，分別改變軌道的形狀、粗細、材質、表面摩擦力，來找出讓球往上滾最容易成功的軌道；接著，我們試了各式各樣的球，並且探討了球的大小、重量、重量分布及重心位置對球往上滾的影響, 最後找出了球往上滾最容易成功的器材條件及人為條件，並建議可應用到教學、益智遊戲，或訓練手眼協調及復健之用。

帶電的離子受到垂直的磁場與電場作用，會因為受到洛倫茲力而產生有趣的轉動現象。我們利用上述原理設計簡易的裝置設備，探討電解質溶液不同濃度、不同離子電荷數，受到不同離子間靜電力，產生不同的離子移動速度。經由所測量的時間與圓周運動的距離，可計算電解質的絕對遷移速度。由實驗結果推論在固定電場下，當電解質濃度降低，正、負離子間的相互作用力降低，離子遷移速度(migration velocity)加快，莫耳電導率 Λ（mole conductance)也隨之增加。同濃度時，電解質2-1 價型硝酸銅與2-2 型硫酸銅離子強度(ionic strength)不同，2-2型硫酸銅離子強度較大，遷移速度較小，莫耳電導率Λ 也較小。Because of the effect of Lorentz force, charged ion will have interesting rotation under the vertical magnetic and electric field. We use the above principle to design a simple instrument or tool, in order to evaluate and study the formation of different ionic mirgration velocities. The velocity of the charged ion in the instrument is affected by differences in the electrolyte, the charge differences of the ion tested and the differences in electrostatic forces between ions. From the experiment we can deduct that at a fixed constant electric field, when the concentration of the electrolyte is reduced, the interaction of forces between positive and negative ions will be reduced. When the migration velocity of ions increase, the mole conductivity Λ (mole conductance ) will also increase. At the same concentration, the ionic strength between copper nitrate ( 2-1valency type ) and copper sulfate ( 2-2 valency type ) are not identical. Copper sulfate, a 2-2 valency type has higher ionic strength, the velocity is slower and the mole conductivity Λ is also smaller.

對於雙子葉植物的節點部位，並沒有人能夠提出完整的研究結果，而我們對於節點部位維管束的排列方式以及腋芽的生長方式和機制都不甚了解，所以針對這個問題做了一些實驗觀察。我們利用徒手切片的實驗技巧以及讓植物吸取墨水的方式慢慢了解並建構出雙子葉植物在節點部位的整套生長模式。我們發現雙子葉植物(地瓜葉)在成熟的節點部位(葉柄與側支都已生長完全的情形下)，側支的維管束已經分化完成，導管的細胞已由活細胞變為死細胞，進而有輸送水分的作用而其節點部位維管束便可一體連成，運輸水分和養分。但是在側芽和頂芽的部分，維管束還未分化完整，導管和假導管也還未由活細胞變為死細胞，所以無法藉此輸送水分，而雙子葉植物衍生出另一種取代方式，藉由細胞間的空隙運輸水分至側芽及頂芽，使其側芽、頂芽能夠正常生長發育。

本文研究風洞中之風帆在不同條件下，受風吹拂所產生之升力與阻力關係，並探討及成功 的以數學模型解釋其原因，此研究結果可應用於帆船帆面之設計。其主要探討之變因為以下 之五種： (一) 風速大小對帆船帆面之受力關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在低風速時，實際測值較接近 風速的一次方的函數關係。高風速時，實際測值接近為風速的二次方的函數關係。 (二) 帆面積大小與受風推進力之關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在風速固定風速下實驗，得到 面積與風對帆推力成正比。 (三) 順風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：航行方向的力與sin 2θ 成正比關係。 (四) 側風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：帆面在攻角大於 45°時，航行方向的力與sin θcosθ 有相當程度的吻合，而在攻角0°~45°之間則與飛機攻 角升力資料相接近。 (五) 初步探討雙桅帆與單桅帆面受風推進力之不同：發現其在側風時能有效的減少失速的現 象，在帆面高攻角時，能減少失速現象，依然可以持續穩定的航行，我們也可推想出飛機 的機翼前段的縫翼功能也是如此。 This article is derived from our research of relation between lifting power and its resistant power produced via wind-blow in a wind tunnel under different terms and condition, also to discuss and to explain their causes successfully via mathematics models, thus, the result of this study may be applied in designing of sail-surfaces of sails boats. Its major discussion can be included into the below 5 kinds: - Relation of (1) Relation of sizes of wind-speed against reacceptance of aerodynamic forces over sail-surface: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, under low coin-speed, practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's linear function relation. When in nigh wind-speed, the practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's quadratic function relation. (2) Relation of size of sail-surface and pushing power of wind: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, an experiment was made under fixed wind speed, the result obtained is sail-surface size and pushing wind power toward sail is in direct proportion. (3) When it is in “round-the-clock wise” navigation the angle of attack (θ) of sail-surface and the relation with wind's pushing power: Strength of navigation direction and sin2θconforming direct proportion. (4) When it is in side-wind navigation, the angle of attack (θ) and pushing power by wind relation; When the sail surface is in the angle of attack (θ) greater than 45o, the navigation direction power and sinθcosθhas certain extent of conformity, and between angle of attack e 0o-45o, happens to be very appropriate with aircraft's angle of attack and lifting power data. Fundamental discussion of Double Masts Sail boats and Single Mast Sail boats comparing differences of wind-aided pushing power: It was found that stall phenomena could be decreased effectively, when it is side-winded, especially, when the sail-surface is at high angle of attack, it could decrease Stall phenomena, and could maintain stable navigation. We can also assume that the front section of aircraft aide-wing’s function exactly the same.

羅勒是九層塔的種子，又稱為明列子，其多醣體的不溶性纖維可以吸收水分，減少膽固醇、三酸甘油脂的吸收。三酸甘油脂與醇類可以與鹼性催化劑作用，產生生質柴油。利用明列子不吸油、不吸酒精、可以吸水的特性，來研究生質柴油。轉酯化實驗中加入1克明列子，可以在油水吸水8克而不產生皂化現象，但產量會減少。在比較甲醇+氫氧化鉀+回收油的轉酯化實驗中，不加入明列子平均的產量為95.6 g，使用明列子平均的產量提高為100.5g。

有一次，我們和同學在家裡的電視上看到一則洗髮精的廣告，上面說洗髮精之中含有百分之八十幾的蛋白質，所以我們對蛋白質產生很濃厚的興趣，我們到了學校以後，我們就去請教老師，老師教我們一些檢驗蛋白質的相關實驗，我們就開始依照老師所說的和書上所寫的實驗一步一步的去探討並研究，在實驗過程中也發生許多令我們百思不解的問題，這就成為我們做實驗的念頭!

本篇研究利用網路攝影機、DVD-R光碟片、木製暗箱、比色管、筆記型電腦、各式燈泡等器材，搭配上自行撰寫的程式，製作出一簡易的光譜儀系統。先經由實驗測試，找到最佳光柵角及觀測角的組合，再將DVD光柵及網路攝影機封裝在木製暗箱中，完成硬體製作。軟體使用VB.Net搭配EmguCV函式庫當作平台，發展出來的程式可以利用螢光燈光譜中的特徵線條進行頻譜校正，校正完成後可以精準且即時地顯示各種光源頻譜曲線。此外，我們也以自製的光譜儀系統進行不同濃度之硫酸銅溶液的吸收光譜檢測，與專業的光譜儀的吸光度做比對，數據非常的接近，代表以本研究方法自製出來的光譜儀確實可用。

本實驗使用聚醚亞醯胺溶液製備基本薄膜，由於玻璃態高分子薄膜過於緻密，一直是高分子薄膜在應用上的一大限制，為了在薄膜上製造缺陷，又不會使薄膜之選擇性降低，因此選擇將酸化之奈米碳管(孔徑10~20nm) 加至聚醚亞醯胺薄膜中。本實驗主要為探討添加不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管對聚醚亞醯胺薄膜的滲透率與選擇率的影響，藉由添加0.5 wt%、1 wt%、1.5 wt%、3 wt%、4 wt%等不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管至15 wt% 的聚醚亞醯胺溶液中，並製作薄膜，測試其基本性質與五種氣體(H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4)的滲透率及不同空氣分子之間的選擇率。我們總共測試了三種薄膜的性質，分別是表面特性、熱穩定性及結晶型與層間距，薄膜的表面性質，能觀察到奈米碳管在薄膜中製造奈米孔隙結構，增加氣體滲透的孔道，能有效增加氣體的滲透率。增加奈米碳管的量，能有效升高第一階段熱裂解的溫度，雖然熱裂解在本實驗中沒有很大的差異，但是還是可以從熱重分析圖中推測不同量的奈米碳管會影響熱穩定性。在X 光繞射實驗中，添加奈米碳管的薄膜與純聚醚亞醯胺薄膜，在結晶相上都屬非結晶型薄膜，添加了奈米碳管的高分子複合薄膜的層間距明顯增大。在氣體滲透實驗中，我們比較了不同氣體或濃度不同的奈米複合薄膜的氣體滲透率，在不同氣體時，氣體的滲透率會隨著奈米碳管濃度增加有明顯的提升，五種氣體滲透率大致依照H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4 這個趨勢增減。奈米碳管對1.5%增加到3%或4%的奈米複合薄膜滲透率的影響卻減小，由此可以推斷奈米碳管對空氣滲透率並非無限制的增加，在1.5%以後就漸漸趨近最大值。H2為14.89barrer，CO2 為9.51barrer，O2為6.34barrer，N2為6.48barrer， CH4 為3.75barrer 。本研究總共比較了三組氣體的選擇率，分別是CO2/CH4，O2/N2，H2/CH4，分離率最高的是H2/CH4 的，兩分子的粒徑大小差對分離率有極大影響，差愈大，其分離率也愈高。奈米碳管的量改變並不會使薄膜的氣體選擇率明顯增加或減少，但是加入太多奈米碳管其選擇率會變低。在五片薄膜中，1.5%的薄膜有最好的選擇率，奈米碳管的添加量超過1.5%選擇率就會開始下降。綜合滲透率及選擇率可以分析出，添加1.5%奈米碳管的高分子奈米複合薄膜有較高的滲透率，又不會降低選擇率，在利用上比其他濃度的奈米複合薄膜在有害氣體過濾及空氣的分離回收方面產生更好的效果。;This experiment uses Polyetherimide polymers solution to make basic membranes. Because glassy polymer membranes are too dense for gas permeations, it is one of the limitations in their applications. To increase gas permeability and maintain air selectivity, I made some nanogaps on the surface of the membranes by an acidification multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs, kinetic diameter 10~20nm) in the PEI membranes. We mainly want to find if it has some influence between the consistency of acidification MWNTs and gas permeability or selectivity. We mixed 0.5wt% 、1wt%、1.5wt%、3wt%、4wt% acidification Carbon nanotube in 15wt% PEI solution, made membranes and tested the character, five kinds of gas permeability (H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4) and the selectivity between different gases. We have tested the three nature of membranes, including surface characteristic, TGA and XRD. We can see some nanogapes made by carbon nanotube in the membranes. It could availably increase gas permeability. Mixing more carbon nanotube in the membranes could increase the temperature of the first heat-decomposition. Though the heat-decomposition in this experiment didn’t change a lot, we could say that different percent nanotube would affect the membranes’ heat-decomposition. By the experiment of XRD, the membranes with carbon nanotube and the pure PEI membranes attach to amorphous membranes. Nanocomposite’s de-spacing is bigger than pure membranes. In the experiment of air permeability, we compared different kinds of gas or different percent carbon nanotube of nanocomposite if they have some change of permeability. The conclusion is that air permeability increase as the quantity of nanotube increase. The five kinds of permeability the direction：H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4.The influence of permeability will decrease when the quantity of carbon nanotube increase from 1.5% to 3% or 4%. We can get the conclusion that the increment of gas permeability isn’t limitary. It drifts towards maximal about 1.5%. H2 is 14.89barrer. CO2 is 9.51barrer. O2 is 6.34barrer. N2 is 6.48barrer. CH4 is 3.75 barrer.This experiment totally compared three groups of air selectivity. They ’re CO2/CH4, O2/N2 and H2/CH4. The maximum of selectivity is H2/CH4. The difference of kinetic diameter affects air selectivity a lot. The quantity of nanotube doesn’t associate with the air selectivity, but mixing too much nanotube will decrease air selectivity. The 1.5% nanocomposite has the highest selectivity. If the consistency of the membranes is higher than 1.5%, the air selectivity will decrease. Depend on the gas permeability and the air selectivity, the 1.5% nanocomposite has higher permeability and constant air selectivity. That shows the 1.5% nanocomposite has a better effect on air selectivity and recycling.

在一本兒童科學雅誌上，我們模仿進行一次水果中的維生素 C 實驗，想不到知易行難，實驗看起來好簡單，加一加藥品，觀察顏色的變化就可以了，可是當我們自己從事實驗時，卻發現困難重重，這個實驗報告的整理，可以說是這個實驗的解決方法，除了維生素 C 本身的疑點外，也發現了很多我們自以為是的知識，其實不是那麼一回事，但是都是因維生素 C 而產生這些問題、疑慮與解決方法，所以我們將我們的實驗定為維生素 C 的真相。

以果蠅作為實驗對象，果蠅生命週期短、飼養繁殖容易，以其生命週期為主要實驗對象。把裝著果蠅的寶特瓶放在兩支手機中間，然後以同一支手機作為電磁波發射器，另一支為電磁波接收器的方式開始撥打實驗。每天記錄結果，持續記錄十四天。結果發現手機電磁波對果蠅的影響甚大，主要為生命週期的羽化率延後10.6%、死亡率高達18.0%，並且藉各種變因的設計、實驗，提供了電磁波器材使用方式參考，以降低科技對人的傷害。

為提高紅蘿蔔利用價值、增加農民收益與農產品利用率，本實驗以採收後規格外之紅蘿蔔為主材料，將其添加在蜂蜜蛋糕中，同時改良製作及烤焙方法，開發健康取向的紅蘿蔔蜂蜜蛋糕。為了找出最佳配方，本研究主要探討蜂蜜蛋糕的製作方法，而以烤焙流程的改良為輔，改良基礎配方，將紅蘿蔔添加於蜂蜜蛋糕中，賦予蜂蜜蛋糕新的風味。結果顯示：以雙層鋁箔盒中間加水，可以取代傳統木製框架烤焙；利用分蛋打法可以取代添加乳化劑的全蛋打法；添加烘焙百分比70%冷凍紅蘿蔔、38%蜂蜜及9%沙拉油，可以得到最佳風味。同時喜好性官能品評結果顯示：本實驗開發的健康取向紅蘿蔔蜂蜜蛋糕，在外觀、形狀、大小、顏色、口感、甜味、蜂蜜味、紅蘿蔔味、黏牙度、濕潤度、彈性等整體接受度達81%以上。