本研究探討利用指尖陀螺作為磁性齒輪，觀察並分析其磁性齒輪效應。本研究測量了磁性齒輪間的轉動慣量、影響範圍及力矩，除此之外，本研究發現，自由運轉狀態下的齒輪，具有三個運動階段，高速狀態，介於高速至低速難以預測的階段，以及低速的穩定運動狀態。 此外，為提升磁場計算的精確度，我們發現磁偶極近似方法無法有效描述系統中的磁場分佈，因此使用積分計算來求得更精確的磁場數據，並與實驗數據進行比對，結果吻合良好。

本研究旨在探討單車輪胎摩擦係數與各物理量之間的交互關係。由於摩擦係數的公式在多年以來備受許多質疑，我們決定透過實驗深入探討影響摩擦係數的各種物理量(如：接觸面積、正向力…等)是否有實質關聯。研究方法採用實徵研究進行試驗，調整輪胎胎壓並測量各狀態下的摩擦力、正向力和接觸面積，對不同胎壓下的摩擦力變化量與胎溫上升量進行比較，藉此驗證摩擦係數與胎壓、接觸面積間的非線性關係，找出單車輪胎的摩擦圓(friction circle)，並將實驗值與理論值進行一系列的比對。研究結果發現：隨著胎壓增加，輪胎的接觸面積減小，摩擦力會隨之減少，輪胎升溫量也著減少。此外，透過數值模擬和自製轉動儀器實驗分析並比較側向、切向摩擦力與摩擦係數的各項關聯性。總的來說，做好適當胎壓的調整對行駛的穩定和安全性具有直接影響，據此提供更多生活應用的良方。

臺灣北部海岸富貴角地區的風稜石母岩為兩輝安山岩，經過風化、風蝕及海蝕而形成目前獨特之外觀。這些岩石源自火山噴發形成的熔岩流，岩漿冷卻形成熔岩塔，裂解後受外營力作用逐漸成形。不同地理位置的風稜石受侵蝕的影響差異顯著：海岸邊的風稜石同時受到海浪和風的影響，外型較圓鈍；陸地部分則因受到海蝕影響較小，外型較為尖銳。另外，本研究利用噴砂實驗進一步驗證不同風速和風向對風稜石生成過程的影響，並分析其形態差異及地質學意義。

When doing an experiment to produce colloidal ferric hydroxide, the bottom of the beaker used was colored in yellow-brown with thin film interference. This phenomenon is well-known, but the cause has not been clearly studied. As a result of the research, the coloration on the bottom of the beaker is caused by β-FeOOH forming a thin film which is chemically bonded with Si-OH on the glass surface. Also, the amount of β-FeOOH depends on the number of experiments, the area of the bottom of the beaker, and the concentration of FeCl3 aq. We found that it can be possible to determine the amount of β-FeOOH from the formula m=knsc and the adhesion constant was found to be 6.8✕10-3 (L/m2). In addition, from machine learning we predicted that the thin film thickness becomes thicker as it moves away from the center.

Nanotechnology, a transformative force, has steadily gained traction across multiple scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology. It offers unprecedented capabilities, especially in the realm of nanoscale particles, ushering in new paradigms in various applications. One of the most revolutionary applications of nanotechnology is in the pharmaceutical sector. Here, nanoparticles have transformed drug and vaccine delivery systems, offering both efficacy and precision. Among these nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have stood out, especially for their role in delivering nucleic acid-based drugs and vaccines. These LNPs are intricate assemblies composed of lipids and nucleic acid complexes, offering an amalgamation of stability and deliverability. Such properties have rendered LNPs as invaluable tools in enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target side effects. The myriad of nanoparticles available includes the likes of silver, gold, and lipid nanoparticles. However, the emphasis of this research lies with lipid nanoparticles, given their widespread success in the pharmaceutical arena. LNPs have showcased their potential in delivering drugs with low therapeutic indices, emphasizing their capability to act as versatile platforms for novel drug development. Recent advances have further expanded the horizons of LNPs, paving the way for novel antisense oligonucleotides, innovative vaccines, and complex lipid nanoparticle formations. Characterizing these nanoparticles is paramount, not only for the development of novel drugs but also to comprehend their in vivo behavior. Their multifaceted nature, stemming from their unique excipients, core-bilayer design, and varying sizes, makes their characterization a critical step in the research and development pipeline.

有孔蟲Globigerinoidesella fistulosa的滅絕時機(1.7 million years ago, Ma)恰與東西赤道太平洋水溫由似聖嬰現象狀態轉變為似反聖嬰現象狀態的時機相近，前人推論可能是有孔蟲為了維持雷諾數，將自身殼體生長階段倒退為較小的型態，進而提出假設「當垂直水溫梯度變緩，黏滯度變小，Trilobatus sacculifer complex 為了維持雷諾數，殼體半徑、沉降速率和殼體與水的密度差必須相對變小」。本研究利用3D列印的G. fistulosa、T. sacculifer有孔蟲殼體模型進行沉降實驗驗證此假設，同時探討浮游性有孔蟲的殼體型態對其沉降模式的影響，由多個角度分析浮游性有孔蟲改變外型的現象。

本研究探討新型微生物燃料電池(MicrobialFuel Cell, MFC)在能源再生及水資源處理中的應用。隨著全球氣候變遷和污染問題加劇，開發低碳、可持續的綠色能源為當務之急。MFC利用微生物將廢水中的有機物轉化為電能，不僅達到低成本、低碳排放的優勢，還具有處理廢水、產生電力等功能。本研究使用不含 「全氟/多氟烷基物質 (per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances,PFAS)」的煤灰陶瓷隔離膜，並將市售的石墨氈電極進行改質， 以探討電極表面積(3x3、4x4、5x5 cm²)及不同材料(石墨紙、石墨氈、改質石墨氈、碳布)對MFC性能的影響。結果顯示，在電極表面積為4x4 cm²表面積時產電效率以及去除污水的效率最佳，顯示較小的表面積差異對MFC影響效果不大；電極材質則以石墨紙表現最優，但經改質的石墨氈在發電效果及去除污水的效率上皆接近石墨紙。本研究可為MFC在污水處理和能源再生中的應用提供了重要的數據參考。

利用鏡檢大生熊蟲形態檢測蔬菜中硝酸鹽壓力，常有形態判別問題，本研究想利用其自體螢光開發新型檢測模式，利用硝酸鹽壓力下其活動與隱生比例差異與自體螢光強度關係，檢測硝酸鹽濃度。顯示其自體螢光最佳激發波長為488 nm，製作檢量線(R2=0.99)與自製裝置使用470nm波長激發以壓克力濾光(R2=0.97)可檢測0〜156 mg/L硝酸鹽，可改善鏡檢缺點，並嘗試應用，發現蔬菜硝酸鹽 (小白菜492mg/L)，超出其自體螢光檢測極限，且蔬菜萃取液會影響大生熊蟲自體螢光，目前能進行定性分析，後續將分析蔬菜中造成干擾物質，繼續評估其應用性。探討其螢光機制，利用組織切片，探討大生熊蟲自體螢光強度與表皮層厚度在隱生和活動狀態下，是否具有相關性，發現脫水樣本自體螢光強度與螢光面積較活動樣本無差異(p>0.05)，推測自體螢光強度會受到其隱生時體表收縮程度有關。

This research presents a novel approach to understanding the curling and uncurling behavior of tracing paper when exposed to water, identifying limitations in traditional diffusion-based models like Fick’s second law. While Fick's model adequately represents the uncurling phase, where water content is stable, it falls short during the curling phase due to its inability to account for dynamic changes in diffusivity. Our study identifies capillary action, modeled through Richards' equation, as the primary mechanism in the curling phase, where diffusivity varies with water content due to capillary-driven water movement through the paper's porous structure. Experimental data align well with the Richards' equation model, highlighting a saturation point where curvature peaks, governed by evaporation's impact on moisture balance. To simulate this phenomenon, we developed a finite difference approximation scheme based on Richards' equation, discretizing the spatial domain for detailed control over moisture dynamics and incorporating the Robin boundary condition with virtual points. This approach, combined with evaporation considerations, produces simulation results consistent with observed data, emphasizing evaporation’s role in steady-state moisture gradients and the subsequent deformation mechanics. Our findings further reveal that factors like paper thickness, temperature, and salt concentration significantly influence curling behavior. We established linear correlations between peak time and thickness reciprocal, as well as between peak curvature and thickness squared, supporting theoretical models. Temperature affects both peak curvature and curling rate due to changes in viscosity and surface tension, and higher temperatures prevent full uncurling due to sustained evaporation effects. Increased salt concentration heightens peak curvature without altering expansion ratio, suggesting additional variables in play.

The DIVE&CLEAN project is an educational and innovative initiative aimed at addressing a significant environmental challenge: marine pollution. With oceans covering over 70% of the Earth’s surface and providing a home to 50–80% of life on the planet, their health is critical. However, marine ecosystems are under threat due to plastic pollution, which impacts wildlife, coastal communities, and global biodiversity. This project centers around the idea of introducing underwater trash bins, especially in areas frequented by recreational divers. While most divers explore the seas without specific tools to collect trash, they could contribute significantly with the right infrastructure. The vision of DIVE&CLEAN is to inspire behavioral change, encourage collaboration, and promote actionable solutions to reduce ocean pollution. Using interactive robotics and storytelling, the project tells the story of divers rescuing animals entangled in plastic and collecting trash from the ocean floor using underwater bins. Through creative performances, it seeks to educate and motivate individuals, resorts, and authorities to adopt sustainable practices.

本研究在探討「利用數個半徑不相等的圓，完全覆蓋三角形所需的圓面積總和之最小值」，其最小值以三角形的邊長、角度及外接圓半徑去作表示。 首先，我們討論利用1、2、3 個圓去覆蓋三角形，並分銳角、直角、鈍角三角形做分類，有完整的結果。並且在銳角及直角三角形中，發現有相似的結論。 再者，用多個圓覆蓋時，我們以特殊樣式去作排列，歸納出最小值的規律，並連結「雙曲函數」與覆蓋圓面積和之間的關係。 最後，我們研究覆蓋圓面積和與三角形面積的比值及其最小值，並討論覆蓋圓圓心之連心線的相關性質。

One of the worldwide hidden problems with lack of attention is Bedsores. Simply, These are ulcers, that happen on the areas of the skin that are under pressure while lying on the bed for a prolonged time. This can be infected to anyone in the world. The common group who face these bed sores are..... •Elderly patients, •Spinal cord injury patients, •Stroke patients, •Coma patients, •People who have faced accidents Bed sores develop when the blood supply is cut off for more than 2-3 hours to the skin, (Position changing time depends on the patient's condition) The continuous pressure is the cause for that and also the temperature generated between the skin and the bed surface increases the metabolism of the tissues. When the skin temperature increases by 1°C, the risk of bed sores increases approximately 14 times. So, The skin temperature in the range of 29.4°C to 37.1°C is correlated with the tissue damage score. Not only that shearing and moisture are the other considerable factors for this problem. This infection has 4 stages. Sometimes in the 4th stage of the bed sores can cause death.