鳳凰木的花朵擁有五片花瓣，上方花瓣與其他紅色花瓣不同，是白色底紅色斑點，根據文獻，這片花瓣稱為旗瓣，功能是作為蜜標來吸引傳粉者。研究觀察發現鳳凰花的旗瓣會先捲曲凋零，和蜜標存在的功能互相矛盾，本組推論與環境、授粉有關連。經研究發現，旗瓣凋零與生長環境、花粉及花蜜是否被採集無關，與授粉方式有關。異株授粉導致旗瓣凋零的時間提前；同株異花授粉旗瓣凋零的時間與自然狀態相近；自花授粉、無授粉則導致旗瓣凋零的時間延後。異株授粉對鳳凰花而言是有效且成功的授粉，會導致旗瓣提早凋零，蜜標隱藏，提高其他尚未有效授粉花朵成功授粉的機會，並且產生成熟的種莢。無效的授粉會導致旗瓣凋零時間延後，藉此等待有效的授粉機會。

According to the 2024 American Cancer Risk Survey, one in 24 individuals is at high risk of developing colon cancer. This condition is linked to gut microbiome instability. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a more effective and precise approach to maintaining gut microbiome stability, which this research aims to solve by finding the most crucial bacteria species in maintaining the stability of the gut microbiome through the application of Optimal Linear Feedback Control. Two of its variants being applied in this research are Sparsity Promoting Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQRSP) with a variety range of  (0.05, 44.58, and 49.84) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) ( = 0) along with other supporting methods; Controllability Gramian and Network Theory (graph analysis). The finding in this research shows that bacteria species Bacteroides hydrogenotrophica, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgaris, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Escherichia lenta, and Dorea formicigenerans have an important role for preventing and medicating a variety of gut-related diseases. This conclusion is reinforced by the analysis conducted using the Controllability Gramian, displaying five of the chosen bacteria with the highest controllability index, which demonstrates that the system can be effectively controlled. This finding suggests a potential for enhancing therapeutic strategies, rendering them more precise and systematic. To gain deeper insights into the relationship between each bacteria and the rationale behind the selection of these bacteria by LQRSP, this study also employs network theory, which successfully elucidates the choice of Bacteroides uniformis despite its low controllability index. Additionally, to further validate the efficacy of these bacteria, the research develops a simulation that compares the controlled system with the uncontrolled system, utilizing two types of disturbances. The results indicate a significant difference in robustness against disturbances between the controlled and uncontrolled systems. The findings from this research can be used as a foundation for a more efficient and systematic intervention strategy findings. By researching gut microbiome composition regulation using a mathematical approach, it opens new opportunities for new method discoveries aiming to increase the health of the gut microbiome which is beneficial for the medical field and prevention of gut related diseases.

Carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) has tremendous potential to enable the use of fossil fuels while reducing the emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere, and consequently combating climate change. CCS faces several challenges such as energy consumption, cost, low practical applications and environmentally friendliness. This research presents the first carbon capture device capable of capturing CO2 while generating green energy. By integrating advanced materials science with sustainable energy principles, the device addresses the dual challenges of CO2 mitigation and renewable energy production in a single, cost-effective platform. Beyond its technical innovations, this research highlights the device’s scalability and potential to revolutionize carbon capture deployment. The device can be integrated into industrial emissions systems, transportation systems, urban infrastructure, or even wearable technologies, providing versatile applications across different sectors. Furthermore, the device’s lightweight and flexible form factor ensures accessibility as it improves the applicability of CCS technology in remote or developing regions. This study demonstrated a novel approach to carbon capture by implementing carbon capture into a thin-film moisture electricity generator. The developed thin-film supercapacitor successfully demonstrated the capacity for supercapacitive swing adsorption of CO2, which is a relatively novel approach to CCS that is cheap, environmentally friendly, and efficient while generating green energy from ambient humidity.

透過親手磨製岩石薄片及礦物比例數據，探討觀音火山熔岩的差異與其差異原因。根據前人研究得知，觀音山經過五次噴發，共有七種不同的火山岩。比對地質圖，尋找各層出露地點共17處，進行田野調查、空拍記錄及樣本採集，並磨製岩石薄片共14片，進行岩相觀察與礦物面積比例計算。 本研究觀察到觀音山熔岩有漸變關係，符合鮑氏反應序列。從橄欖石玄武岩→普通輝石玄武岩→普通輝石安山岩→兩輝石安山岩→紫蘇輝石安山岩→黑雲母角閃石安山岩。 並依據新的田野調查資料，修正觀音山的地質圖資；建立火山噴發歷程模擬動畫；製作立體地形模型，以瞭解對地質地貌關係，皆可做為日後觀音山地球科學教育之參考。

本研究採用創新設計的「水代法」處理養殖鰻魚加工後廢棄魚骨，成功解決過往鰻魚骨含油量高，無法利用而丟棄的環保問題，使生物資源得到充分利用。透過「低溫烘乾前處理」製成的鰻魚骨粉香氣與口感俱佳，適合作為食品添加物。 水代法是將鰻魚骨在90℃水溫、粉水比1：3狀態，藉由攪拌、壓榨去油，不僅保留營養成分（蛋白質、鈣質、磷質），同時降低高達90%的脂肪含量。水代產生的處理液可進一步開發為胺基酸萃取物和鰻魚油，創造多元的商業價值。「食鹽水浸泡處理」取代較不環保的「強鹼處理」製作鰻骨鈣粉，可有效減少環境負擔。本研究製程簡便且低耗能、低耗水，可降低成本，顯著提升產業競爭力和環境效益。

本研究旨在比較人類間葉幹細胞 (human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, hMSCs) 在三維球形微孔和二維平面聚丙烯醯胺 (polyacrylamide, PA) 水凝膠上的生長和分化特性。我們製備了具有60μm直徑球形微孔陣列的PA水凝膠平面PA水凝膠，將hMSCs培養在這兩種不同的基質上，加入藥劑誘導向脂肪細胞分化七天。透過細胞計數、形態學觀察和成像分析，我們系統地比較了細胞在兩種環境下的形態變化、脂大小 和分化進程。再透過RNA-seq分析，我們找出了三維及二維環境培養的細胞的差異表達基因，並做出火山圖與熱圖。 本研究建立一種新型三維球形微孔的培養環境、，成地地 hMSCs提供更接近體內條件的微環境。進一步觀察hMSCs在三維環境中生長與分化，期許 組織工程和再生醫學領域提供新的見解和潛在的應用方向。

Climate changes that include ocean acidification and global warming are serious problems in the ecosystem, affecting marine phytoplankton, including Nannochloropsis oceanica. In the effort to further explore the impact of rising temperature and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations on oceanic ecosystems, the phytoplankton Nannochloropsis oceanica was used as a model organism. This study explored the effect of temperature change and CO₂ concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis oceanica, achieving 243 samples that were tested with three different temperatures (24 degrees Celsius (°C), 28°C, 32°C) and CO₂ concentrations (0 milliliter (ml)/min, 0.4 ml/min, 0.6 ml/min), utilizing a hemocytometer counting method. Results indicate that the CO₂ concentration has a significant effect on the population of Nannochloropsis oceanica. But the temperature doesn't affect a lot. The Nannochloropsis oceanica in the lowest temperature and highest concentration of CO₂ in its environment had the highest population growth, and in the highest temperature and lowest concentration of CO₂, it had the lowest population growth. Results show the serious negative effect of climate change on the cosystem and the importance of environmental protection. Population blooms due to excess CO₂ taking up ocean resources causing dangerous ecological imbalances.

量子電腦是近年來新發展的科技，利用量子糾纏態的量子位元進行計算。本文希望可以利用量子電腦計算諧振子隨時間演化算符。而這也是我第一次在量子電腦上模擬諧振子隨時間演化系統。首先我找出可以用於諧振子算符的合適算符矩陣大小、空間步長(Δ𝑥)、質量(m)、角頻率(ω)並且在位置基底下表現時間演化算符矩陣。設計並簡化量子電路後，使用IBM公司提供的量子電腦模擬並計算數值。我透過矩陣修正減少修正輸出錯誤產生的誤差，達到較精確的結果。模擬出在一個時間單位內的數值與理論值大致相符，未來希望可以利用此量子電路尋找矩陣的特徵值或是模擬更大型的系統。

本研究改編自2015 EGMO P2，探討在𝑛 × 𝑚的棋盤中放入最多的1 × 𝑡或𝑡 × 1的骨牌，並使得每一個𝑡 × 𝑡還有空間再放入一個骨牌的方法數。原本題目是𝑡 = 2, 𝑛 = 𝑚為偶數的情況。於是我先從𝑡 = 2開始研究，推導出 (1)𝑛, 𝑚皆為偶數、(2)𝑛, 𝑚一奇一偶、(3)𝑛, 𝑚皆為奇數的答案。接著再推廣到 (4)任意的𝑡且𝑡∣𝑛 = 𝑚的結果。最後再討論 (5)𝑛, 𝑚分別為𝑡的倍數、模𝑡餘1的數，或其他數等不同可能性得出的不同答案。

n個圓圈以一維排列所構成圖形中，若指定當中一圓圈塗色時，其左右相鄰圓圈各有1/2機率被塗色，欲求出使得該圖形之指定塗色次數的期望值達最小之最優化塗色方法。本研究共探討了n個圓圈之「直線排列」、「環狀排列」與n個圓圈及m個圓圈之「環狀結合直線排列」等三種圖形。

水凝膠被廣泛應用於生醫材料方面，其特性可用來吸收大量溶劑、生物流體，或是吸附水樣中的物質，其中應用於吸附金屬離子以淨水為最具發展潛力。本計畫將N-異丙基丙烯醯胺與幾丁聚醣反應形成共聚物NIPAAm-g-chitosan水凝膠，此合成水凝膠具有 生物可降解性、溫度敏感性，探討不同嫁接程度之共聚物對金屬離子之吸附效率。目前研究從FTIR確認已成功合成出NIPAAm-g-chitosan水凝膠，且膨潤率可高達約900%。此NC水凝膠比幾丁聚醣更具廣泛的pH溶脹範圍，且在150℃高溫下不會熱裂解，顯示其穩定性佳。對於金屬離子的吸附，NC水凝膠的吸附率皆較幾丁聚醣 為佳，對於鈷離子的吸附率更可高達75%，應用在工業廢水的檢測會是一大效益。

原始生命的形成被推論是由化學分子透過自發性化學反應組成簡單的代謝路徑，再由這些路徑組合成為複雜的代謝網絡，最終形成原始的生命。由於自營性的代謝路徑可將無機性的CO₂固定為有機物可謂形成生命的前提，因此推論在自營性微生物所擁有的一種生物固碳路徑，可將CO₂固定進入三羧酸循環的「逆向三羧酸循環」被認為是原始細胞最初形成的代謝路徑之一。然而，以化學反應的自由能考量，自2-Oxoglutarate到Isocitrate 此固碳反應並非自發性反應，並由異檸檬酸脫氫酶催化。異檸檬酸脫氫酶在逆三羧酸循環中是決定固碳反應速率的關鍵酵素之一，在當今正向三羧酸循環中亦具重要的調節細胞能量代謝的功能。有鑑於此，本研究探討源自古老地球環境的嗜熱自營菌Aquifex aeolicus 中異檸檬酸脫氫酶的酵素性質，並期待本研究成果對生命起源的探究及發展新穎固碳技術能有所助益。