The number of natural disasters has risen significantly in recent years, and with climate change there is no end in sight. Consequently, the demands on rescue forces around the world are increasing. For this reason, I asked myself what I can do to improve the work of rescue teams. Advances in artificial intelligence and drone technology enable new possibilities for problem solving. Based on the technological advances mentioned above, an autonomous Search and Rescue drone was developed as part of this project. The system assists rescue workers in searching for survivors of natural disasters or missing people. This paper also suggests a method for prioritizing survivors based on their vitality. The system was implemented using a commercial Parrot ANAFI drone and Python. The software was tested on a simulated drone. To simplify the development, the whole system was divided into the following subsystems: Navigation System, Search System and Mission Abort System. These subsystems were tested independently. The testing of solutions and new concepts were performed using smaller test programs on the simulated drone and finally on the physical drone. The Search and Rescue system was successfully developed. The person detection system can detect humans and distinguish them from the environment. Furthermore, based on the movements of a person, the system can distinguish whether the person is a rescuer or a victim. In addition, an area to be flown over can be defined. If something goes wrong during the mission, the mission can be aborted by the Mission Abort System. In the simulation, the predefined area can successfully be flown over. Unfortunately, controlling the physical drone does not work. It stops in the air after takeoff due to the firmware of the drone. It does not change the flight state of the drone, which results in all subsequent commands from the system being ignored. This paper shows that artificial intelligence and drone technologies can be combined to deliver better rescue services. The same system can be applied to other applications.

此研究探討螞蟻在各正多面體按特定行進規則進行表面行走之最短路徑，以及按照特定的截面規則將正多面體(柏拉圖立體)一刀斬後分割成二部份，觀察其所形成的可能截面變化，並利用Geogebra等電腦軟體模擬繪製，藉此協助我們計算正多面體分割成的截面周長與面積，進而推導出其公式及觀察截面大小之變化關係。

本研究製作出一個可以自動對準太陽光的裝置「太陽光全自動集光追蹤系統」（以下簡稱本系統），使太陽能板面朝太陽。本研究也使用微電腦控制器（Arduino、ESP32）進行發電效率的自動記錄，可以在架設太陽能板前利用本系統進行評估。實驗數據顯示裝設菲涅爾透鏡可以增加發電量。若使用本系統，可提升發電量。本系統加上太陽能控制器及鋰電池，可以進行太陽能的管理與儲存，是具有實用性的綠能裝置。

In this project, we evaluate the effectiveness of Random Shuffling in the Cross Lingual Information Retrieval (CLIR) process. We extended the monolingual Word2Vec model to a multilingual one via the random shuffling process. We then evaluate the cross-lingual word embeddings (CLE) in terms of retrieving parallel sentences, whereby the query sentence is in a source language and the parallel sentence is in some targeted language. Our experiments on three language pairs showed that models trained on a randomly shuffled dataset outperforms randomly initialized word embeddings substantially despite its simplicity. We also explored Smart Shuffling, a more sophisticated CLIR technique which makes use of word alignment and bilingual dictionaries to guide the shuffling process, making preliminary comparisons between the two. Due to the complexity of the implementation and unavailability of open source codes, we defer experimental comparisons to future work.

現代民眾獲取新聞的途徑逐漸轉移到網路媒體，然而在網路資訊快速傳播以及媒體為追求報導曝光度以增加金錢利益的情形下，片面、誘導等形式的新聞標題與短句訊息在新聞媒體傳播中日益嚴重；本次研究透過Fake News Challenge提供的Stance Detection dataset，運用深度學習與遷移學習方法訓練可預測兩文本之間相關程度的自然語言處理模型，在過程中改善調參及訓練方式，並將其實際運用在預測美國新聞媒體於Facebook網路社群平台發文推播新聞的同時所附的短句與新聞報導文本內容之間的相關關係程度，分析社群平台中新聞可能造成的誤導式文句是否實際造成片面報導，而影響了受眾對於媒體的使用程度與信任程度。使此模型有助即時預警社群平台上的報導資訊型態品質，輔助使用者獲取新聞時所應具備的媒體識讀能力，進而改善片面報導於網路的流竄，同時提升未來媒體生態。

2019年新型冠狀病毒的大流行，佩戴口罩已成為全球防止飛沫傳播病毒成本最低且有效的方法，目前雖已有團隊針對口罩有無正確配戴提出解決方案，但根據收集的資料，目前針對口罩有無正確配戴解決方案通常是使用類神經網路YOLO進行實作，YOLO使用於口罩辨識雖可達到有一定的效果，但對口鼻密合度不佳的細微狀態常有一些誤判的現象，就算民眾有配戴口罩，但若未與臉部、口鼻密合，仍有50％的空氣洩漏機會，無法有效阻隔飛沫傳染，形成防疫破口。 而本研究在這樣的基礎架構下再整合目前最強大的姿勢辨識之一的OpenPose，針對口罩與口鼻密合度不佳的細微狀態進行更深一步地探討，以期達到更好的偵測判斷效果。本研究針對的改善的方向為當神經網路YOLO判定為有配戴正確的資料時，再利用OpenPose以及本研究開發出的鼻心物件演算法，就鼻部密合度做細部偵測，進行誤判修正，最後證實出本算法能篩出56.25%被神經網路YOLO誤判為有戴好口罩的資料，可顯著提升口罩配戴辨識精準度，減少形成防疫破口的機會。

The number of natural disasters has risen significantly in recent years, and with climate change there is no end in sight. Consequently, the demands on rescue forces around the world are increasing. For this reason, I asked myself what I can do to improve the work of rescue teams. Advances in artificial intelligence and drone technology enable new possibilities for problem solving. Based on the technological advances mentioned above, an autonomous Search and Rescue drone was developed as part of this project. The system assists rescue workers in searching for survivors of natural disasters or missing people. This paper also suggests a method for prioritizing survivors based on their vitality. The system was implemented using a commercial Parrot ANAFI drone and Python. The software was tested on a simulated drone. To simplify the development, the whole system was divided into the following subsystems: Navigation System, Search System and Mission Abort System. These subsystems were tested independently. The testing of solutions and new concepts were performed using smaller test programs on the simulated drone and finally on the physical drone. The Search and Rescue system was successfully developed. The person detection system can detect humans and distinguish them from the environment. Furthermore, based on the movements of a person, the system can distinguish whether the person is a rescuer or a victim. In addition, an area to be flown over can be defined. If something goes wrong during the mission, the mission can be aborted by the Mission Abort System. In the simulation, the predefined area can successfully be flown over. Unfortunately, controlling the physical drone does not work. It stops in the air after takeoff due to the firmware of the drone. It does not change the flight state of the drone, which results in all subsequent commands from the system being ignored. This paper shows that artificial intelligence and drone technologies can be combined to deliver better rescue services. The same system can be applied to other applications.

With the introduction of the transformer architecture by Vaswani et al. (2017), contemporary Text Generation Models (TGMs) have shown incredible capabilities in generating neural text that, for humans, is nearly indistinguishable from human text (Radford et al., 2019; Zellers et al., 2019; Keskar et al., 2019). Although TGMs have many potential positive uses in writing, entertainment and software development (Solaiman et al., 2019), there is also a significant threat of these models being misused by malicious actors to generate fake news (Uchendu et al., 2020; Zellers et al., 2019), fake product reviews (Adelani et al., 2020), or extremist content (McGuffie & Newhouse, 2020). TGMs like GPT-2 generate text based on a given prompt, which limits the degree of control over the topic and sentiment of the neural text (Radford et al., 2019). However, other TGMs like GROVER and CTRL allow for greater control of the content and style of generated text, which increases its potential for misuse by malicious actors (Zellers et al., 2019; Keskar et al., 2019). Additionally, many state-of-the-art pre-trained TGMs are available freely online and can be deployed by low-skilled individuals with minimal resources (Solaiman et al., 2019). There is therefore an immediate and substantial need to develop methods that can detect misuse of TGMs on vulnerable platforms like social media or e-commerce websites. Several methods have been explored in detecting neural text. Gehrmann et al. (2019) developed the GLTR tool which highlights distributional differences in GPT-2 generated text and human text, and assists humans in identifying a piece of neural text. The other approach is to formulate the problem as a classification task to distinguish between neural text and human text and train a classifier model (henceforth a ‘detector’). Simple linear classifiers on TF-IDF vectors or topology of attention maps have also achieved moderate performance (Solaiman et al., 2019; Kushnareva et al., 2021). Zellers et al. (2019) propose a detector of GROVER generated text based on a linear classifier on top of the GROVER model and argue that the best TGMs are also the best detectors. However, later results by Uchendu et al. (2020) and Solaiman et al. (2019) show that this claim does not hold true for all TGMs. Consistent through most research thus far is that fine-tuning the BERT or RoBERTa language model for the detection task achieves state-of-the-art performance (Radford et al., 2019; Uchendu et al., 2020; Adelani et al., 2020; Fagni et al., 2021). I will therefore be focussing on attacks against a fine-tuned RoBERTa model. Although extensive research has been conducted on detecting generated text, there is a significant lack of research in adversarial attacks against such detectors (Jawahar et al., 2020). However, the present research that does exist preliminarily suggests that neural text detectors are not robust, meaning that the output can change drastically even for small changes in the text input and thus that these detectors are vulnerable to adversarial attacks (Wolff, 2020). In this paper, I extend on Wolff’s (2020) work on adversarial attacks on neural text detectors by proposing a series of attacks designed to counter detectors as well as an algorithm to optimally select for these attacks without compromising on the fluency of generated text. I do this with reference to a fine-tuned RoBERTa detector and on two datasets: (1) the GPT-2 WebText dataset (Radford et al., 2019) and (2) the Tweepfake dataset (Fagni et al., 2021). Additionally, I experiment with possible defences against these attacks, including (1) using count-based features, (2) stylometric features and (3) adversarial training.

Triage is the process by which nurses manage hospital emergency departments by assigning patients varying degrees of urgency. While triage algorithms such as the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) have been standardized worldwide, many of them are highly inconsistent, which could endanger the lives of thousands of patients. One way to improve on nurses’ accuracy is to use machine learning models (ML), which can learn from past data to make predictions. We tested six ML models: random forest, XGBoost, logistic regression, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, and multilayer perceptron. These models were tasked with predicting whether a patient would be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), another unit in the hospital, or be discharged. After training on data from more than 30,000 patients and testing using 10-fold cross-validation, we found that all six models outperformed ESI. Of the six, the random forest model achieved the highest average accuracy in predicting both ICU admission (81% vs. 69% using ESI; p<0.001) and hospitalization (75% vs. 57%; p<0.001). These models were then added to an Android application, which would accept patient data, predict their triage, and then add them to a priority-ordered waiting list. This approach may offer significant advantages over conventional triage: mainly, it has a higher accuracy than nurses and returns predictions instantaneously. It could also stand-in for triage nurses entirely in disasters, where medical personnel must deal with a large influx of patients in a short amount of time.

目前網路上流傳許多使用人工智慧修復照片的網站或應用軟體。然而，由於這些訓練資料多數來自國外，導致修復台灣「本地」照片的效果欠佳。此外，許多老舊照片因氧化、潮濕而泛黃，使得修復程序比起修復純黑白相片更加困難。因此，本研究旨在建立一個專門修復本地照片的機器學習模型，主要分為以下三個部分：首先，使用機器學習模型對老舊照片進行修復，包括著色、去模糊化和降噪；其次，分析使用不同比例之有色調照片(模擬泛黃照片)訓練模型的效果；最後，研究不同的修復順序(著色、去模糊化、降噪)和模型執行次數對照片修復效果的影響，發現「著色、去噪、去模糊化」的順序修復效果最佳。

利用深度學習解決醫學問題一直是受矚目的研究主題。鑒於近期新冠肺炎疫情上升，有關新冠肺炎檢測的研究便成了熱門研究主題。目前，最有效的檢測方法是聚合酶連鎖反應 (PCR)，然而，PCR耗時甚久且有人為誤差。因此，以X光影像圖透過深度學習來診斷並分級是一個有效率且安全的做法。在研究中，我們利用深度學習進行疾病診斷，在五元分類上有相當高的準確率(84.91%)、在COVID-19單獨辨識時得到了極高的準確率(99.35%)、產生出疾病熱區及設計了新的分級系統( X-ray Severity Grading System , XSGS)，並將其用於嚴重程度分類，在不同分級下具有可辨別的差異。

在程式專案開發中，偵測錯誤常為最耗時的環節，進而影響整個專案的開發時長。而現今雖有些許輔助開發者提升偵錯效能的工具，但這些工具也只能藉由提供編譯執行中的資訊讓開發者省去偵錯時的繁瑣步驟，仍須開發者自行評估每段程式碼的正確性。此研究透過程式段落分析與資訊檢索實現自動錯誤定位，在每個程式段落標記其成為臭蟲（bug）的可能性。在程式段落分析中，執行使用者之原始碼，並透過歸納最終結果為正確及錯誤之執行路徑差異分析出每個程式段落的可疑性。接著運用資訊檢索技術於資料庫中找尋相似之原始碼，並參考其偵錯結果優化現有之可疑性，形成最終之可疑性排名。此研究不只結合了上述兩種技術，更優化可疑程度之計算方法以及資訊檢索中的相似度比對機制，達到更完善的錯誤定位。（此指「臭蟲」非語法錯誤（Syntax Errors），而為邏輯錯誤（Logic Errors）。）