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New Screening Method for Early Pediatric Cancer Detection Through Automated Handwriting Analysis
Pediatric cancer has an incidence rate of more than 175,000 per year with a mortality rate of approximately 96,000 per year. One major cause of this problem is late diagnosis. A novel promising way of pediatric cancer screening is handwriting analysis. This method surpasses other methods by detecting pediatric cancer in a very early stage. However, studies are still limited to manual analysis which needs an expert and a long period of time. The aim of this project is to design a computer program to extract handwriting features and build a classification model to classify the user as patient or as control. Dataset was collected from schools and hospitals where all participants could read and write in English. After data cleansing, number of samples was 440 samples. MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) program was used for extracting geometric features in handwriting. Program was validated using a subset of 50 samples of the dataset. WEKA Package was used to test and build the classifier. Experiments were done using classifiers: Logistic, Multilayer Perceptron, J48, LibSVM, AdaBoostM1 and Naïve Bayes. Best subset of attributes was evaluated and used for each classifier and all calculations were done as the average of cross validation operations of several folds assignments. Best performance was achieved by Logistic classifier with average accuracy of 80.15%, standard deviation of 0.43% and Matthews's correlation coefficient of 0.59. Finally, this project presents a new fast, free, ready, easy and psychologically comfortable method for pediatric cancer detection while keeping suitable accuracy for mass screening.
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本作品三位成員中就有二位家中有用藥問題困擾,起因皆為年紀大、易忘記且有慢性病等特徵,於是使用微控制器製做出能協助提醒病患服用藥物的智慧裝置。許多病患常忘記服藥或是重複用藥,三餐不定時更加深正常服藥的困難度,因錯誤的用藥時間而導致其他的併發症。 於是利用藥盒可以定時控制每一次藥物,每到吃藥時,藥盒便會旋轉至出藥位置,同時發出警告聲響與警示燈,提醒患者吃藥,並同時傳送訊息到病患和家屬的手機中,讓家屬可以知道病患吃藥的時間到了,家屬也可以透過Android手機App事先設定提醒時間。在藥盒內裝有人體紅外線感測器,當手停滯在藥盒下面大約 2秒時,藥盒感應到時,藥便會自動往下掉在病患手中,且可以避免病患只挑幾個藥吃的情況。
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暑假上科學營時,老師教我們玩發芽( sprout )遊戲,愈玩愈好奇,越劃越多,漸漸浮現出變化規則,而引起我們的研究興趣,於是共同探討發芽的變化,以掌握勝利要訣。甚至用電腦來玩,從螢幕上看到具體的現象,建立直接基礎,以激發想像力與創造力。
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「數位攝譜儀」是利用光柵分光,使用數位相機拍攝光譜。「數位光譜分析法」是電腦軟體程式,可將拍攝到光譜數位影像放大成「馬賽克」,作為光譜的最小「色塊」,並將每個色塊轉換成一組七維的顏色座標[(波長),R(紅),G(綠),B(藍),H(色相),S(彩度),B(明度)]分析光譜,可精確測量各種未知光源放射出的光波波長、鑑定原子光譜,且操作方便,無須使用電路設計,其中: 1. λ座標係由光譜線的位置(x,y)轉換而來。 2. R、G、B座標則記錄對應的紅、綠、藍色成分強度 3. H(色相)為紅、黃、藍分佈於360?色環,表示「色彩相貌」,是顏色的特徵。 4. S(彩度)為色彩中灰色的含量,灰色含量越低,彩度值越高,色彩會越飽和。 5. B(明度)為色彩的明亮程度,數值越高接近白色,數值越低接近黑色。 我們完成以下實驗:\r 1. 測量氫、汞及鈉原子的原子光譜,建立「數位光譜資料庫」。\r 2. 鑑別波長589.0、589.6奈米的鈉雙線。\r 3. 比較數位相機影像與光學相機正片的色彩顯影。\r 4. 鑑定太陽光譜中的吸收光譜(Fraunhofer Lines)。\r 5. 分析獵戶座α、β的可見光光譜。\r 6. 用顏色座標(λ,R,G,B)測量發光二極體的波長範圍。\r 7. 比較He-Ne雷射與雷射光筆放光的波長範圍,發現雷射光筆之光並非單頻。\r 8. 使用光感應器測量LED於不同距離的照度,發現約與距離平方成反比。
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我們利用雷射光測量微小位移的方法,配合太陽能板及電腦,組合成弦振動的量測系統,以 Gold Wave 軟體把訊號展開來分析聲音的頻率、音量、音色。我們驗證了弦振動頻率與弦長成反比,弦越緊、越細則弦振動頻率越高,藉由調整弦長可容易的找出音階。我們發現振幅越大音量越大,在相同力量撥弦下,弦越長、越鬆、越細所撥弦的振幅會越大,音量也就越大。此外,我們研究發現同樣的弦音色會相同,音色是由基音及幾個泛音所組成的。最後,我們利用研究結果,設計了一些光通訊系統裝置。
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IlluminaMed: Developing Novel Artificial Intelligence Techniques for the Use In a Biomedical Image Analysis Toolkit and Personalized Medicine Engine
Despite the multitude of biomedical scans conducted, there is still relatively low accuracy and standardization of diagnoses from these images. In both the fields of computer science and medicine there is very strong interest in developing personalized treatment policies for patients who have variable responses to treatments. The aim of my research was automatic segmentation of brain MRI scans to better analyze patients with tumors, multiple sclerosis, ALS, or Alzheimer’s. In particular, I aim to use this information, along with novel artificial intelligence algorithms, to find an optimal personalized treatment policy which is a non-deterministic function of the patient specific covariate data that maximizes the expected survival time or clinical outcome. The result of the research was IlluminaMed, a biomedical image analysis toolkit that relies on the development of new artificial neural networks and training algorithms and novel research in fuzzy logic. The networks can detect patterns more complex than humans can identify and create patterns over long periods of time. IlluminaMed was trained by a dataset of professionally and manually segmented MRI scans from several prestigious hospitals and universities. I then developed an algorithmic framework to solve multistage decision problem with a varying number of stages that are subject to censoring in which the “rewards” are expected survival times. In specific, I developed a novel Q-learning algorithm that dynamically adjusts for these parameters. Furthermore, I found finite upper bounds on the generalized error of the treatment paths constructed by this algorithm. I have also shown that when the optimal Q-function is an element of the approximation space, the anticipated survival times for the treatment regime constructed by the algorithm will converge to the optimal treatment path. I demonstrated the performance of the proposed algorithmic framework via simulation studies and through the analysis of chronic depression data and a hypothetical clinical trial. IlluminaMed can automatically segment the scans with 98% accuracy, find tumors with 96% accuracy and approximate their volume within a 2% margin of error. It can also find lesions in MS and ALS, distinguishing them from tumors with 94% accuracy. IlluminaMed can, in addition, determine the tendency of a patient to develop Alzheimer’s several months before patients develop symptoms correlating the brain structure and its fluctuations. Lastly, the censored Q-learning algorithm I developed is more effective than the state of the art clinical decision support systems and is able to operate in environments when many covariate parameters may be unobtainable or censored. IlluminaMed is the only fully automatic biomedical image analysis toolkit and personalized medicine engine. The personalized medicine engine runs at a level that is comparable to the best physicians. It is less computationally complex than similar software and is unique in the fact that it can find new patterns in the brain with possible future diagnoses. IlluminaMed’s implications are not only great in terms of the biomedical field, but also in the field of artificial intelligence with new findings in neural networks and the relationships of fuzzy extensional subsets.
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近視人口逐年攀升,為避免眼睛近視,我們製作了本作品。本作品以貼身保鑣的方式,隨時觀察使用者用眼的狀況,當偵測到使用者錯誤使用眼睛而造成視力傷害時,作品會自動以人性化的方式提供使用者正確用眼建議,讓使用者依正確用眼建議改正不良用眼習慣。根據各種醫學文獻資料顯示:一、近視形成的因素是長期眼睛疲勞,二、正確使用眼睛可減緩眼睛疲勞;因本作品可有效改正不良用眼習慣,所以本作品能有效防止近視的發生、減緩視力惡化,甚至於能改善視力。作品使用人工智慧方式會依使用者所處的場合,自動調整用眼建言,所以作品可全方位全程守衛眼睛,只要配戴本作品就有如聘請了一位全年無休的眼科醫師,隨時指導你正確的使用眼睛,遠離近視。
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三角獨子棋是一個有趣的遊戲,其玩法是在一個15格的三角棋盤中,由電腦隨機出題,以跳棋的方式,跳一子取一子,最後棋盤上必須只剩下一子才算過關。我們好奇到底可以出幾個不重複的關卡,也想要找出每關的破解方法,對其展開深入的研究…。透過棋子兌換法及電腦程式運算,找出了此遊戲中不同棋數的所有有解盤面;進一步透過三色定理以及自行發展找解策略:一線法、對稱跳法、棋子集中原則、棋盤切割法、缺子終點對調法等,找出了有限棋盤T(5)至T(8)缺一子位置與其終點位置的關係及其解法。
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球有情、風無意,煙消雲不散---觀察風通過物體表面的行徑路線
本研究是探討風遇到表面粗糙度有差異的球體時,行徑路線的變化並分析分離點的位置。 我們經過線香、蚊香、水霧,最後是以加熱低密度的白蠟油來產生煙霧,並利用電腦風扇、吸管及海綿,製作一個富有整流功能的小型風洞。配合雷射光(加上柱狀玻璃管)來觀察油煙遇到圓形(或球形)表面時的行進路徑。 實驗過程所拍攝的影片經截取、切割後,以軟體「Photoimpact 11」標示出分離點,並量出分離角度。經過許多研究後,我們發現:流體通過物體表面時有分離的現象,當風速越快及表面粗糙,流體愈早分離接觸面,分離角度越小。
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坑坑洞洞的秘密-探討隕石坑型態及形成原因
本研究的主要目的是探討隕石在不同撞擊條件及不同落下地質環境對撞擊坑大小的影響。分成實驗與電腦模擬兩部分:實驗使用自製模擬實驗設備上,使用體積、質量不同的鋼球作為撞擊物,被撞擊物經多次實驗後,採用麵粉上面鋪上粉筆、鹽或細沙;而模擬利用Impact Earth模擬器來模擬隕石進入地球時所產生的隕石坑。利用實驗結果推測月球隕石坑的撞擊角度和產生隕石坑所需的能量,進而推測外星天體上造成隕石坑的隕石大小和撞擊角度。研究結果發現,撞擊物動能愈大的隕石,坑洞大小、震波大小、散射的角度與散射的距離也呈正相關,而被撞物表面材質越軟、厚度越厚,相關坑洞數值也越大,但是,模擬中卻顯示,和地面的夾角愈接近90度的隕石所造成的隕石坑愈大。
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本專案探討慢性疾病病患,因長期需藉由服藥而得以控制病情,所以為協助病患能按時服藥,嘗試利用手機簡訊的普及,並結合電腦、單晶片微電腦等,建置一「用藥監控系統」,為上述情況提出一個有效的解決方案,再進一步驗證其可行性。 一、專案建置的整合系統功能有: (一)、將「行動通訊的簡訊功能」應用於長期服藥患者的用藥管理上,當長期用藥病患未依時服藥時,系統自動發出簡訊給看護或家屬。 (二)、建置用藥查詢系統、資料庫伺服器、Web伺服器以供病患用藥的追蹤。二、慢性疾病患者服藥監控系統建置後可行性的探討: (一)、對協助長期服藥患者,可協助其準時的服藥。 (二)、對病患的看護人員,在用藥時間的掌控上,能達到提醒及協助之功能。 (三)、對病患的家屬,於上班或工作之間,亦可即時掌握到病患的服藥情形。 (四)、對病患於忘記服藥時可藉由系統發出提醒語音,隨時督促病患服藥。
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唧唧復唧唧—蟋蟀的聲音分析與聲音行為探討
蟋蟀可以藉聲音來區別同種、宣示地盤及吸引異性以完成交配行為等,聲音與行為的關係密不可分。我們以數近,但脈衝數及唧聲長度不同,推測雌蟋蟀應是以此時間特性(如脈衝數、唧聲長度)辨別同種。另一方面,以黑蟋蟀作為研究對象,觀察並繪製出其聲音行為模式,研究結位錄音筆及電腦軟體分析並比較台灣北部4種常見蟋蟀的聲音,結果發現此4種蟋蟀的聲音頻率接果顯示雄蟋蟀以呼喚聲吸引雌蟋蟀,再轉發求偶聲並進行交配行為。而此行為模式可用來作為之後干擾實驗的對照,以便以各種干擾物干擾,研究蟋蟀的生殖行為受到何種感官影響。結果發現蟋蟀的生殖行為主要受到雄蟋蟀的聲音支配,而雄蟋蟀則以嗅覺辨別雌蟋蟀位置,決定下一步行動,與視覺較無關係。
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