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越學越能擋的垃圾郵件守門員

垃圾郵件一直是十分令人苦惱的問題,平時都必須花費多於閱讀正常郵件的時間,來篩選及刪除像是一些廣告、色情郵件或藏有病毒的郵件;雖然現在的 ISP 大多已經設置可以濾除垃圾郵件問題的方法,效果也不錯,但卻只能服務到他們的會員,而對於學校、公司或政府單位的自設的郵件伺服器,都只能自求多福或者在垃圾郵件洪流中,過著水深火熱的生活。基於以上的理由,使我們決定要開發一個可安裝於個人電腦、自我學習並且獨立於 ISP 及收信軟體的垃圾郵件過濾器,以防止垃圾郵件的入侵。本研究參考貝葉斯演算法,設計出「分類權重演算法」作為垃圾郵件過濾器分類核心,使用者只要花費幾天相等於清理垃圾郵件的時間,訓練郵件過濾器,便有很好的效果。經實驗結果,本垃圾郵件過濾器可以得到高達 97%~99%正確率的過濾效能,已媲美市面上宣稱95%~99.5%效能的過濾器。

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奈米微粒現形記—化學反應速率的探究

為了將去年我們所獨創的「一滴溶液的化學顯微電解實驗」能延續到其他的化學實驗上,今年我們更是創新突破了很多困難的關卡,在傳統實驗對照下,由第一代實驗到第五代的減量設計,現在已能成功的運用【報廢的光碟片】、【報廢的電腦】、【報廢滑鼠內的感光二極體元件及電品體】來自製設計出『兩極反應物各一滴容易做自動偵測反應的紀錄』;更企圖一併可在學校大力推動電腦融入教學的設備下,能『透過顯微鏡加裝的CCD電子螢幕目視觀看』、『聯結電視螢幕立即播放』或『拍成電子影片檔由電腦播放』,已和現在政府大力推動的奈米科學教育接軌,並真正達到顯微化學環保實驗的終極目標。

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迴蟲世代

在數學課堂中,老師拋出一道甄試的口試題目,那是一道有關蟲類繁殖過程中,探討子代存在的位置及其規律性的題目。我們除了解決原題目外,並改變其維度、形狀來探索其狀況。首先,我們藉由電腦程式來驗證手算的正確性,再用數學算式證明,而在推導的過程中,竟發現其解與 、「一路領先」、 數列、 數列、 數列、 和 有著密切的關係!

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愛怎麼樣,都型-鋼管秀之投影幾何

在生活週遭的物品為了使其更加美觀,常常會使用到鏡面投影,例如台中縣政府縣民廣場前的公共藝術作品-傾城之約,便是用了光線反射的原理,讓原本平鋪在地面上的不規則馬賽克投影在火焰外型的弧面鋼板上,象徵現實與虛幻交織的空間,無形的圖案反射成人形,也反射週遭的人物,使其更具有神秘感及商業價值。看似簡單的投影,事實上卻不然。為了能使更多的圖形能順利的投影到弧面物體上,我們使用投影及光學的原理,進行分析,並討論圖形與角度間的關係,因為圖形的線條長度與角度在不同的投影位置會產生不同的變化,可能會某部分線條太長、太短甚至扭曲變形。當中需要引用到投影幾何學及光學,發展最快速的投影方式,使其能使用最簡易的方式精準的投影出正確的圖形。我們主要做出鋼杯放在彎曲的圖型上,所呈現在鋼杯的圖形式方正的。

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數位攝譜儀及其數位分析方法

Color is not a physical quantity, but it is a characteristic of spectra. Traditionally spectra of light sources are characterized by the wavelengths and intensities of the spectral lines. We propose an alternative way of charactering spectra using colors. Using digital cameras, convex lens, and a 600 Lines/mm grating, we design a “Digital Spectrophotometer” (Pic.1), which uses no light sensors and electrical circuits that are necessary for conventional spectrometers. To analyze a spectrum using the “Digital Spectrophotometer”, we take digital images of the diffracted light through the grating emitted by the light source and then analyze the intensity distribution of the color components of the spectral lines. The structure of the “Digital Spectrophotometer” is simple and is easy to operate. The Digital Spectrophotometer includes a computer software program we have developed called the “Digital Spectrological Method”. After enlarging the digital spectrographs to a mosaic scale and regards each mosaic as a basic color block, the Digital Spectrological Method will transform every color block into a four dimensional “color coordinates” (λ (wavelength), R(red), G(green), B(blue)), where the coordinateλ is translated from the spatial position of the spectral line and the R, G, and B coordinates specifies respectively the corresponding intensity of the red, green, and blue color components. Comparing the “color coordinates” of the unknown light sources to the known, we can easily identify the wavelengths of the lights emitted by the unknown illuminant precisely. We have accomplished the following experiments by using the “Digital Spectrophotometer”: 1. Measure the spectra of various gaseous atoms, and establish the “database of digital spectra in color coordinates” (DDSCC). 2. Compare the characters of color presentation between digital camera images and positive film of the optical camera. 3. Identify the absorption spectrum of the Solar spectrum (Fraunhofer Lines) using the DDSCC. 4. Analyze the Orion αandβ spectrum using the DDSCC. 5. Identify the 589.0 and 589.6 nm wavelength difference between the “Double Lines of sodium spectrum”. 6. Measure the range of wavelength of the colored LED and register the results into the (λ, R, G, B) coordinates. 7. Compare the range of wavelength of He-Ne Laser and commercial Laser pointer. 8. Measure the Zeeman splitting of the hydrogen atom spectrum at 0.5 Tesla. 顏色雖不是物理量,卻是光譜的特性,傳統上對光譜的分析只記錄波長及對應的強度,而非以顏色來區分。我們運用數位相機、凸透鏡及600 條/㎜光柵,設計一個以顏色成分為標準來分析各類光譜的「數位攝譜儀」(Pic.1)。這個新的設計無須使用傳統光譜儀所需之光感應器及電路設計,只需拍攝光源透過光柵的繞射影像即可分析對應之光譜。我們製作的「數位攝譜儀」包含了一個自行設計的電腦軟體程式「數位光譜分析法」;將拍攝到光譜數位影像放大成「馬賽克」,作為光譜的最小「色塊」,該程式可將每個色塊轉換為一組四維的「顏色座標」 (λ (波長),R(紅),G(綠),B(藍)),其中的λ 座標係由光譜線的位置轉換而來,而紅、綠、藍座標則記錄對應的紅、綠、藍色成分強度。與已知光源譜線的「顏色座標」比較,「數位攝譜儀」可精確測量各種未知光源放射出的光波波長且操作方便。利用「數位攝譜儀」的數位分析方法,我們完成以下實驗:1. 測量不同種類的原子光譜,建立「數位光譜資料庫」,包括氫、汞及鈉原子。2. 比較數位相機影像與光學相機正片的色彩顯影。3. 利用「數位光譜資料庫」,鑑定太陽光譜中的吸收光譜(Fraunhofer Lines)。4. 利用「數位光譜資料庫」,分析獵戶座α、β的可見光光譜。5. 鑑別波長589.0、589.6 奈米的鈉雙線。6. 用顏色座標(λ,R,G,B)測量發光二極體的波長範圍。7. 比較He-Ne 雷射與雷射光筆放光的波長範圍,發現市售雷射光筆所放之光並非單頻。

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烷類數位密碼

本研究主題主要是解決化學上複雜同分異構物的繪製以及其命名,因為物質在結構複雜時其同分異構物變化之多令人難以捉摸,於是我應用電腦強大的邏輯處理以及運算判斷的能力來讓電腦繪製。以下是我想達成的目的:(1)排列出分子式的同分異構物(2)顯示出同分異構物之示性式、結構式(3)預知尚未創造出物質的性質研究中我創造出以下原則讓我方便達成研究(1) 數位密碼:為了讓電腦方便執行我使用數碼的方式表達各種同分異構物(2) 五大原則:此原則能讓不僅是電腦甚至是各個要繪製同分異構物的人都能有架構的繪製,不會遺漏任何的組成。(3) 3D顯示:透過X3D軟體的協助我能讓使用者透過立體的方式了解到物質的結構。The purpose of this research is to solve the problem of Isomer’s structure drawing and named problem. It’s hard to predict the status of complex Isomers, so we use the powerful logic and calculational ability of computer to draw the structure of Isomers. The following points is the goal that we want to reach (1) Arrange the structure of the Isomer’s formula (2) Show structural formula of Isomers (3) Predict the chemistry of things that haven’t been created During our research, we create the following principle to help us do the research (1) Digital Codes: In order to let the computer to run the process, we use digital codes to express all the Isomer’s formula. (2) The “5 Rules”: The 5 rules can help not only computers but all the people who try to draw the structure of Isomers without losing any of compositions. (3) 3D Display: Helping our user to understand the structures of materials with the 3D images producing by the “X3D”.

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火災逃生指引系統

在台灣公共場合快速成長下,例如:大賣場、百貨公司、展覽會場,這些公共大型場合都有很好的消防設施,但始終有人葬身於火場? 原因就是幾乎所有的人都不會去特別注意逃生平面圖,導致花太多的時間尋找出口,這樣生存機率就大大降低。火場裡面有太多的致命因素,像是:高溫的空氣,毒氣、濃煙…等,所以必須把握每一分每一秒。為了加快逃生速度,我們將所有的通道都設有導引警示器,逃生者只要順著導引警示器就可以安全到達出口。為了因應公共場合有龐大的人群,所以逃生路線不能只有一條,因此我們設計上是有多條路線,一、可以解決龐大人群,二、可以加快速度。;With the rapid growth of public places in Taiwan, evacuation system is of more and more importance. Actually, public places, such as hyper malls, department stores and exhibitions, are not without fire-fighting equipment, but why is that there are still people getting killed in a fire? The reason is that almost no one actually pays attention to the evacuation plans. As a result, it often takes too much time to find the exits, which lowers the possibility of survival. In a fire, there are usually too many fatal factors, which could lead to death, such as high temperature and heavy smoke; therefore time is precious when escaping from a fire. To fasten the speed of evacuation, we set guiding alarms in every passageway. By following the guiding alarms, people can get to the exits safely. Besides, owing to the huge amount of population in public places, there can’t be only one route out. With regard to this, we design many routes in order to enable and fasten the speed of evacuation of huge amount of population.

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我把板塊拼起來了-板塊運動模擬

南美洲及非洲兩大陸塊的形狀非常契合,是因為中洋脊的擴張使它們分開。本研究以奧伊勒理論為基礎,利用大西洋中洋脊附近的許多轉型斷層及破裂帶,並以空間向量及解空間方程式的方法,來求奧伊勒極的位置,以進行南美洲和非洲之間板塊運動模擬。先算出分別中垂於兩個不同轉型斷層的兩個平面方程式,再找出兩平面與地球球面的交點,即奧伊勒極的位置。奧伊勒極可以用來描述板塊相對運動,相對運動量則由中洋脊兩側的條帶磁力異常線換算求得。最後將所求得的奧伊勒極和現有的板塊資料與海岸線資料,輸入電腦進行板塊運動的模擬,並進一步算出兩板塊間的相對運動速率。本研究所算出的奧伊勒極位於63.8° N、32.9° W;以奧伊勒極為基礎,算出兩億年來非洲和南美洲兩板塊間相對運動的平均角速率約為0.305 度/百萬年;最後模擬出兩億年來南美洲相對於非洲的古位置。在一億九千五百萬年前的古位置圖中可發現,當兩陸塊北端密合時,南端有陸塊重疊的現象,可見南端實際相對運動的量比預估的還少,推測是因為板塊經過長時間的運動,受到擠壓而變形,而這些變形吸收了部分的相對運動量,而非洲西南外海的確有一Wafisch Ridge 存在。

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以類神經網路為輔助自動生成小提琴演奏骨架

目前在音樂動畫的領域,若動畫師要產生音樂動畫演奏影片,皆是請真人演奏,再透過感測器去取得骨架座標資料,搭配動畫製作技術進而產生演奏影片,此方法不僅耗時且耗費人力成本,若是能將此生成骨架座標的任務交給電腦自動化生成,將大幅減少時間與人力成本。此研究以小提琴為例,提出了兩種僅以音樂為基礎,透過類神經網路生成虛擬演奏者演奏骨架座標的方法,並對兩種方法生成出的演奏動作結果進行比較與討論。方法一延續先前相關論文的網路骨架,並對其做出修改;方法二為本研究自行設計的骨架生成流程。研究結果顯示方法二相較於方法一與先前相關論文能更有效地生成出合理的小提琴音樂演奏骨架。

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切蛋糕的聯想─分數的組合與分解

歡樂的慶生會裡,我們在切蛋糕的過程中,發現生活情境中也有數學呢!而且發現一個有趣的問題:我們利用在五六年級南一版第十冊與十一冊裡,以前學過的等值分數、最簡分數、擴分、約分、通分等方法,從最少空格數四格到十格逐一討論,剛開始是用擴分的方式,列出所有值 的三位數分數,再組合剩下的數字,剛開始很費時卻很詳細地列出答案,後來,發現用「分數組合分解」的方式,能很快地找出答案,是令我們意想不到的事,此外,我們也找到被加數是其它分數的解答,甚至也探討空格不同的類型。未來,希望能研究高深的數學理論來證明我們研究的結果,並用電腦程式來解決數學的問題。

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Hourglass 2011

Over the past year Conor has been developing an electronic time keeping device named Hourglass. Hourglass has a three-fold focus on functionality, intuitive design and simplicity. To simplify the device he has limited the hardware to a bare minimum. Just three buttons and an LCD screen comprise the user-interface. Although this interface is simple, the user can access many features. These include intuitive scrolling menus, countdown, lap and alarm functions, accessed through button combinations as well as multiple ways to use single buttons, such as holding or short pressing. Many functions have been integrated into the device, such as a stopwatch with lap times, a countdown, up to 99 Custom Alarms with an individual active/inactive state and a lock/unlock feature. The stopwatch is accurate to 1 second and can be started, stopped, reset and used to record lap times. When laps have been recorded, the user can then take the time value of a lap and turn it into a countdown. A countdown of up to 99 hours can be set, and will run until deactivated or until it reaches zero. Upon reaching zero the alarm is activated. The home screen displays the time, any active countdown and notifies the user if an alarm is active. It can be locked or unlocked by holding the blue button a set period of time, helping to reduce any inadvertent change in setting. All of the functions available can be operated easily with the intuitive 3 button interface method. The menu system is simple, but has been set up through clever coding. An arrow indicated which option is selected, by pressing the top button on the clock the option above the current selection is selected/the menu scrolls up. Pressing the bottom button selects the next option in the downward direction/scrolls down. The button in the centre positioned off to the left is used to activate an option. When a Yes or No prompt appears on the screen, the action corresponds with the button position. Therefore the triangle layout of the buttons is simple and intuitive. Thus Conor’s device relies on complicated, yet elegantly formulated and annotated code and simple hardware interfaces to interact with the user in a way which is intuitive and provides great functionality. It does this while being simple and easy to understand. Here these principles are applied to a clock project, but there are implications for good design that go way beyond this context.

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阿明歷險記

本系統的目的,在設計一套適合國中學生使用的電腦輔助教學遊戲程式,讓學生能以遊玩的心態來接受枯燥的課程學習,同時也使學生對知識的實用性,有更深一層的了解。除了主程式 ─ 阿明歷險記的 45 道題以外,本系統還提供了解幹程式與圖型展示程式,讓略諳電腦語言的教師作為設計新題之用。

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