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科展作品檢索
當「皇后」遇見「小三」-正三角形棋盤上的皇后互不侵犯問題
如下圖所示,在一邊有6個圓圈的正三角形棋盤,將某個圓圈擺上皇后,此為皇后的根據地,箭號所指的三個與邊平行的方向,是皇后所能管轄的範圍,且兩個皇后不能互相管轄到對方的根據地,不是根據地的圓圈可以兩個皇后共管。我們的研究在討論一邊有n個圓圈的正三角形棋盤中使每個圓圈都被管轄到時,最少需要幾個皇后以及最多可放幾個皇后。為了解最少需要的皇后數,我們採用算術推理以及從三個方向(↘、↙、←)的考慮、由外而內的一整排來作邏輯上的推理得到了一邊有1~12個圓圈的正三角形棋盤的最少皇后數,並嘗試透過電腦程式的執行求出更大邊圓圈數棋盤的最少皇后數。最多皇后數部分,我們透過數學歸納法得到了所有邊數情況的最多皇后數。
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「老人居家防護系統」設有緊急求救外,並可擷取人體的脈搏、體溫兩項生理訊息,加以判別提供病理預警,達到遠端監控、緊急就醫、照顧獨居老人為主之目的。本系統具備四大功能:一、脈搏過快、過慢警示:當脈搏跳動每分鐘超過120次,或低於50次立即發出警示。二、體溫過高、過低警示:當體溫超過38℃,或低於35℃會發出警示。三、緊急呼救:當老人按下求救開關時,控制中心會顯示警訊。四、健康管理:電腦可以從控制中心讀取脈搏波形,提供病理分析,觀察老人之生理狀況,做到慢性疾病之預防及治療。上述四項訊息之取得,是藉由人體身上感測器電路所測得之訊息,經無線電傳輸到家中基地台,基地台將收到訊息,以數位分析自動研判,將警訊利用線路,傳輸至管理單位,供監控人員處理。本系統除了可照顧獨居老人外,更可運用於安養中心的老人健康防護。
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(一)撞球選手,眼神專注,球桿出手,撞球應聲入袋;這兩球之間的碰撞是否遵守著某些規則呢? (二)能否將科學上的諸多實驗及公式,在電腦上模擬出來?以便讓同學們了解各個公式,並激發學習電腦的興趣。 (三)撞球是一項手腦並用的運動,理當大力提倡,所以才有意研發此程式。
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在這充滿創新的時代,智慧型機械的發展顯的非常樂觀,也發展得非常快速。用電子結合機械可說是最佳搭檔,可以預料以後智慧型機械會越來越聰明,到那時家裡也不用請傭人,買個機器人就行了,工廠裡再也看不到搬運工及插零件的女工,都將被高效率的機器人帶替。 我們也熱愛於這方面的研究,經過多次製作,發展了第二部機械人,第一部無機械手臂,第二部增加了一支兩個自由度及自動尋找目標物的手臂,使得它更具有智慧。 在製作機械人上,最困難的就是感知器的製造,而我們依據最簡單的物理現象製造出交通號誌識別感知器,障礙物感知器等。當然這些感知器如何和它的頭腦——電腦連結也是一門學問,需要不斷地實驗改造,改造實驗,現在製造出來的智慧型機械人,雖然還沒有發揮到最理想,但是它是我們花費相當多的時間所造成出來的結晶。相信以後我們會再造出更理想的機械人。
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Nikhil’s technology studies main client told him how she had no idea about how to\r stop her children looking at all sorts of website and asked him for a solution to a\r problem he initially thought was impossible to crack. Nikhil has definitely ‘cracked’\r this one: with a dedicated website his clients can log into and monitor what is going on in any computer the little box of electronic tricks is plugged into from anywhere in the\r world. This unit controls the electronics and stores the history of the web pages that the user has visited. Not only that, the client can cut the internet (and re-connect it) to the remote computer at will. At the heart of Nikhil’s box of tricks is a web-server module (The Wiznet) and a powerful microcontroller, the AtMega32. Nikhil has designed the\r board, connected the electronics and written the code to allow it to communicate with\r the computer and remote client.
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中華民國第三十五屆中小學科學展覽-地球科學科評語
一、參展作品的件數、深度、廣度,均有明顯的進展。 二、團隊的研究,包括教師適宜的指導,學生誠心的合作,更進步。 三、作品的展示及說明,比前精彩、生動、可愛。 四、各種新儀器乃至電腦的使用,已經相當普遍。 五、國際上重視的地科問題研究-如酸雨、溫室效應、地震等等,出現不少,頗順世界潮流。 六、有關鄉土作品,相當具有特色,符合教育課程目標。
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Human Computer Interface
Contains two human-computer interfaces. The first is an interface for blind people to perceive visual sensations using his tongue. Images from a webcam is processed with artificial intelligence software and is placed as a sensory matrix under the tongue. Currently the sensor placed on the tongue is about 8x8 pixels. The sight and the taste divide similar areas on the cortex so the blind person can adapt very quickly to the image sent on his tongue as an electricity matrix. Taste buds are the second sensor matrix after the eyes(as resolution) is based on the same principle of the Braile code but the information is received by tongue and it's proportional with the image from webcam and the person can receive more informations. The second interface follows the intent of motion detection of a person with disabilities. It is based on processing the neural signal of the brain taken by an handmade encephalograph and processing them with a artificial intelligence on computer. The project contains hardware and software. This project tries to suggest that the human computer interfaces can be made to support people with disabilities.
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在高中光學裡,介紹了許多有關光波之特性,而聲波與光波皆具有波動性,因此聲波應具有如干涉、反射、聚焦等特性,但在物理課本上並未詳加敘述,所以我們開始了本項的研究,希望可以籍由改變聲源及邊界的各項條件,而探討其發生之現象。在本研究中,我們利用聲波之基本原理在電腦上進行聲場的模擬並加以改變其變因(頻率、相位、聲源數、聲源間距、強度、邊界反射),進而明瞭聲場之各項特性及應用與控制方式。經電腦模擬聲場圖中,我們觀察到,兩聲源干涉所形成之圖形為多組雙曲線所組成,近似於光學之雙狹縫干涉,增加聲音頻率與聲源間距離皆可使腹(節)線數目增加。如同現實世界中所知的,隨著頻率的增加,將會具有指向性的產生並且在聲源數目越多時越明顯,但發現頻率增加至一定值之後,指向性反而會降低而形成冠狀面。在延遲了多點聲源間相位之後,聲場分佈有偏轉之現象,利用相位延遲的方法,在多聲源中,將兩旁之聲音偏向中央將可造成聲音的聚焦。在兩聲源干涉中,調整其中一聲源之強度,將可完全消除兩音源連線間一點之聲音,可適當的應用在工業上消除噪音。聲場分佈在具有邊界的環境下,我們試著找出聲源位置及邊界條件對聲場分佈的影響與關係以模擬室內聲場,但在簡化的數學模式下,即無法有我們所希望之最均勻聲場分佈產生。最後我們將實驗中的結果與文獻上的實驗數據加以比較,以探討其誤差。 The optical course in senior high school , which introduced many characteristics of optical wave. However, both of sound and light have the characters of wave; therefore, sound wave should have the characteristics, such as interference, reflection and focalizing. Nevertheless, there are not many details of sound wave in the section of acoustic on our textbook. So we began this research, and discuss the different phenomena by changing many kinds of variables. In our research, we simulated the sound field on the computer, based on sound wave’s principle, furthermore we change many variables, which like frequency, phase, source number, distance, intensity and reflection. It helps us understand the characteristics of\r sound, how to control sound and how to apply these findings. According to the result of computer simulation, we discovered that the graph of two acoustic source’s interference comprised by many pairs of hyperbola, just like optical double slit interference. As the frequency or the sound source distance increased, acoustic direction became more and more obvious. But when the frequency was high enough to over the extreme, instead increasing, the acoustic direction would lower down like a crown. After we make phase differences on one of the two sound sources, sound field generated\r deviation. So if we use this method in multiple sound source, and delay the middle source, the sound field might be converged. In such two-sound-source interference pattern, when we control the intensity of one, a certainly point on the line of the two sources disappeared When the sound field enclose by borderline, the standing wave appear, and we discovered many funny phenomena. We put large amount of source in a narrow slit, the phenomenon of diffraction appeared. Finally, we discussed the discrepancies between interference pattern previously done by others experiments and the simulated one conducted by us.
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本研究以增進日光燈管使用效率為目標,設計出一套整合型的系統以減少不必要的浪費。我們將感知用的硬體設備與自行開發的軟體程式作結合,使系統能夠在感知到日光燈管的各種狀態後,做出相對應的處置。其狀況包含:1.無電時系統會警告,以避免誤判的情形;2.有電時燈管正常運作;3.有電時燈管閃爍或不亮,此時系統會切斷日光燈管的電力,並記錄資訊。以上述系統為基礎,我們搭配紅外線模組來達到有人在才開燈,無人時自動斷電;亦加入偵測環境用的光敏電阻來達到光線暗時才開燈,光線亮時會自動斷電。依據測試,閃爍的燈管會比正常燈管多消耗30%的耗電量,壞掉不亮的燈管亦會消耗正常燈管70%的耗電量,對能源越來越少的今天,我們的系統提供了另一種節能的機制。
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剛開始考慮平分物件時,我們從二維的多邊形部分著手,後來發現已經有人做過相關研究,並且得到類似的結論。這個部份顯現出面積平分線與其包絡曲線間的密切關係。我們將其中的方法和結果加以歸納、改善,為了更全面地研究,我們推導出一般性的包絡方程。之後當我們推廣到三維領域時,發現四面體體積平分面與之前的結論有些相似之處,平分的情況卻也更複雜,我們將推導的結果用電腦軟體呈現出來,以便更深入地了解它。最後嘗試了相當抽象的高維積平分,結果仍具有工整的對稱性,讓我們充分領略了數學之美!When considering bisecting a subject, at first we focused our attention on 2-D case, polygons. But afterwards, we found there were already some similar studies conducted by other students, which indicated the close relation between the area-bisecting lines of a polygon and their envelope. We rearranged their methods and results, and then made further improvement. Moreover, in order to study the bisecting problem entirely, we derived the general envelope equation. Then when extending the generalization to the 3-D case, we came to the conclusion that tetrahedrons’ volume-bisecting planes is similar to that in 2-D, but the circumstances are more complex. We tried to show our result with the aid of software, hoping to understand it fully. Finally, we tried to do the case in higher dimension, which is very abstract, and the result was clear-cut symmetrical. During the studying process, we had seen “the beauty of mathematics.”
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SMS Link-Interactive
SMS.Link-INTERACTIVE is a system that facilitates the exchange\r of information between a central computer server and a remote cellular\r phone user, and allows remote modification of data in the computer\r through SMS. A cellular phone with a GSM modem is connected to the\r computer physically via a data cable. A program in the computer is\r notified whenever the cellular phone receives new messages, processes\r new messages by first authenticating the user’s identity, then checks for\r the information being asked for, as well as the changes that the user wants\r to be done. Information is then retrieved from a database in the computer\r and the appropriate changes are made. A message containing the\r requested information and a list of changes done is then sent to the user\r through SMS.\r Tests were made to get the speed of the system. Accuracy tests were\r done to determine if the program was able to ascertain the validity of the\r user correctly, return the requested data, and change the specified\r information.\r Using this system, doctors can access a patient’s data and change\r prescriptions; teachers can correct errors in grades; clubhouse personnel\r can add memberships; all these from a remote location by sending a SMS\r request to the cellular phone connected to the server.
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