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本專案探討利用「RFID(無線射頻辨識)」、「手機簡訊」、「3G 行動手機上網」三者結合「校園網路」,建置一「RFID數位簽到系統」應用於學生到校離校管理的可行性。一、專案建置的整合系統功能有:(一)、將「RFID無線射頻辨識技術」應用於數位簽到管理上,自動發出簡訊給家長。(二)、建置3G 查詢系統、資料庫伺服器、Mobile Web Server。二、對受測者進行問卷調查,經分析、統計得到如下結果:(一)、受測者家中電腦普及,都有手機,數位化簽到方式的推行容易,但3G 手機,未如我們預期的普及。(二)、有2/3 的人會擔心簽到的簡訊是詐騙事件,值得系統導入初期的參考。(四)、族群集中於較不守規矩同學認為行蹤會被家長掌握,家長老師則認為可有效掌握孩子行蹤。(五)、多數的受測者對系統皆感到滿意。
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CAI ( Computer Assisted Instruction )即電腦輔助教學在歐美先進國家巳實施多年,績效彰著。目前國內的一些教育研究機構亦已開始起步著手研究,預計在不久的將來,在全國的各級中學全面實施,而民間的電腦公司及相關企業也有鑑於 CAI將是使微電腦推廣到每一家庭的利器,某於軟體市場的看好,又有助於硬體之促銷,莫不投入大量之人力、財力專注於此一方面之研究,然而各機構至目前所發展出來的成統,仍極為有限,還有待進一步的努力。CAI 的研究工作大致可分為三個方面。第一,硬體之研究,即發發展出一具專為CAI使用的電腦(在美國 已有若干機種,但均為迷你以上電腦,價格昂貴,購置困難,維修不易,更重要的是,它不是中文系統)。目前國內若想在微電腦上研究設計專為 CAI 使用之中文系統機型,恐怕尚不符經濟效益,事實上也還沒有任何機構,在這一方面投資。第二,課程體( Courseware )之研究及編寫,這是 CAI 長久而持續要做的工作,目前公私研究單位均積極在進行。第三,作業系統之研究,即在現有之一般功能微電腦上,以軟體之披巧,使之能為 CAI 所用,它不但要能把-個特定的教學單元課程饅轉化為程式,以利電腦之執行及表現,更重要的是,它要能把任何一個依規定設計出的教學單元課程體,迅速而有效的轉化成電腦程式,別忘了一件事:我們需要以中文表現”本 CAI 作業系統,即是一個十分完善的中文作業系統。
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We study the magic power of dark energy and dark matter by using theoretical derivation and numerical simulations. We found that: 1. The dark energy will gain kinetic energy from the moving dark matter through gravitational interaction. Due to the law of energy conservation, the motion of the dark matter will slow down and satisfy Ek(t)−Ek0 ∝ρDE1.92 t, where Ek(t) is the kinetic energy of the dark matter, Ek0 is its initial kinetic energy, ρDE is the energy density of the dark energy, and t is the time. 2. The formation history and the structure of galaxies will be different due to the existence of dark energy. The more the dark energy, the earlier the formation of the galaxy core. In addition, the kinetic energy Ek(R) as a function of R will be different if the ρDE is different. Thus we can observationally measure the Ek(R) of galaxies, compare it will our results here, and then deduce the ρDE in our universe. The results here can be applied to the observations in the near future.
我們藉由理論的推導,配合電腦模擬的手段,來探討宇宙中黑暗物質和黑暗能量的神祕力量。我們發現:一、黑暗能量會透過重力交互作用而從運動中的黑暗物質獲得力學能,而且因力學能守恆,致使黑暗物質的速率減慢,滿足 Ek(t)−Ek0 ∝ρDE1.92 t, 其中 Ek(t) 為黑暗物質的動能, Ek0 為其初始動能, ρDE 為黑暗能量的密度,t 為時間。二、星系的形成過程及結構,會因黑暗能量的存在而改變。黑暗能量越多時,星系的核心會越早形成。而且動能 Ek(R) 隨著至星系中心距離 R 的變化,會因 ρDE 的不同而不同,因此可以試圖量測宇宙中星系的 Ek(R) ,然後和這裡的結果比對,即可推導出宇宙中的 ρDE 。這些研究成果,將可直接應用在未來的觀測結果上。
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五上第三單元「奇妙的水」,讓我們認識水溶液酸鹼性及導電性。當電腦課上網發現「水果能導電也能當電池」的資料時,我們也希望能自製應用在生活中的水溶液電池。我們研究的內容包括:透過實驗找出做水溶液電池最好的方法、選擇適合的電池材料包括水溶液和正、負極材料的各種組合。經過實驗及討論發現:(一)使電力增強的方法有:1.選擇導電性佳、濃度較高(糖水例外)、串聯數目較多、溫度較高的水溶液。2.增加金屬片接觸面積、適合的正、負極材料和水溶液的組合。(二)漂白水和正、負極為(銅、鋁)的組合產生的電壓最高,只要串聯3杯就能使用LED燈、小鬧鐘、Call 機、計算機、電動玩具、小收音機,也是這次研究中的超級來電王。
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對數位、光電的初步了解是在小三的科展,當時我是利用一個大型的凸透\r 聚光鏡,匯聚太陽光照射在不同的金屬導線之一端,而另一端接在冰冷的地\r 板上,用不同的金屬材料來做比較。利用微電流計測得不同的材料有不同大\r 小的電流,而且有不同的熱量。到國中的電學時了解到電阻熱功率的關係,\r P=IV 才知道,除非有『超傳導系統』否則任何物體必有電阻。進入國中時,\r 在電工課程中了解了數位的控制,產生了這方面的興趣。\r
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凌波微步─電磁波干涉現象的電腦模擬實驗
物理學上,在處理眾多波動現象時(特別像是電磁波干涉繞射),目前大多是用 Huygen's 理論來解釋波前的內涵意義與各種干涉現象,而這個理論的方法是在波前上放上很多個點波源來解釋。這裡牽涉到一個困難→極限。現有理論是以數學上積分的方法把結果導出來。但是,對於某些可能遇到的實際狀況遠比理想中的複雜許多,精密理論推導的過程往往變的繁複與困難,所付出的心力是事倍功半;因此我希望能透過電腦快速計算及強大的繪圖能力,來探討與比較物理學上電磁波干涉繞射的種種現象,以彌補實驗室不易實驗的遺憾。
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在高中光學裡,介紹了許多有關光波之特性,而聲波與光波皆具有波動性,因此聲波應具有如干涉、反射、聚焦等特性,但在物理課本上並未詳加敘述,所以我們開始了本項的研究,希望可以籍由改變聲源及邊界的各項條件,而探討其發生之現象。在本研究中,我們利用聲波之基本原理在電腦上進行聲場的模擬並加以改變其變因(頻率、相位、聲源數、聲源間距、強度、邊界反射),進而明瞭聲場之各項特性及應用與控制方式。經電腦模擬聲場圖中,我們觀察到,兩聲源干涉所形成之圖形為多組雙曲線所組成,近似於光學之雙狹縫干涉,增加聲音頻率與聲源間距離皆可使腹(節)線數目增加。如同現實世界中所知的,隨著頻率的增加,將會具有指向性的產生並且在聲源數目越多時越明顯,但發現頻率增加至一定值之後,指向性反而會降低而形成冠狀面。在延遲了多點聲源間相位之後,聲場分佈有偏轉之現象,利用相位延遲的方法,在多聲源中,將兩旁之聲音偏向中央將可造成聲音的聚焦。在兩聲源干涉中,調整其中一聲源之強度,將可完全消除兩音源連線間一點之聲音,可適當的應用在工業上消除噪音。聲場分佈在具有邊界的環境下,我們試著找出聲源位置及邊界條件對聲場分佈的影響與關係以模擬室內聲場,但在簡化的數學模式下,即無法有我們所希望之最均勻聲場分佈產生。最後我們將實驗中的結果與文獻上的實驗數據加以比較,以探討其誤差。 The optical course in senior high school , which introduced many characteristics of optical wave. However, both of sound and light have the characters of wave; therefore, sound wave should have the characteristics, such as interference, reflection and focalizing. Nevertheless, there are not many details of sound wave in the section of acoustic on our textbook. So we began this research, and discuss the different phenomena by changing many kinds of variables. In our research, we simulated the sound field on the computer, based on sound wave’s principle, furthermore we change many variables, which like frequency, phase, source number, distance, intensity and reflection. It helps us understand the characteristics of\r sound, how to control sound and how to apply these findings. According to the result of computer simulation, we discovered that the graph of two acoustic source’s interference comprised by many pairs of hyperbola, just like optical double slit interference. As the frequency or the sound source distance increased, acoustic direction became more and more obvious. But when the frequency was high enough to over the extreme, instead increasing, the acoustic direction would lower down like a crown. After we make phase differences on one of the two sound sources, sound field generated\r deviation. So if we use this method in multiple sound source, and delay the middle source, the sound field might be converged. In such two-sound-source interference pattern, when we control the intensity of one, a certainly point on the line of the two sources disappeared When the sound field enclose by borderline, the standing wave appear, and we discovered many funny phenomena. We put large amount of source in a narrow slit, the phenomenon of diffraction appeared. Finally, we discussed the discrepancies between interference pattern previously done by others experiments and the simulated one conducted by us.
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Nikhil’s technology studies main client told him how she had no idea about how to\r stop her children looking at all sorts of website and asked him for a solution to a\r problem he initially thought was impossible to crack. Nikhil has definitely ‘cracked’\r this one: with a dedicated website his clients can log into and monitor what is going on in any computer the little box of electronic tricks is plugged into from anywhere in the\r world. This unit controls the electronics and stores the history of the web pages that the user has visited. Not only that, the client can cut the internet (and re-connect it) to the remote computer at will. At the heart of Nikhil’s box of tricks is a web-server module (The Wiznet) and a powerful microcontroller, the AtMega32. Nikhil has designed the\r board, connected the electronics and written the code to allow it to communicate with\r the computer and remote client.
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影像處理(image processing)已成為當今熱門的話題,過去由於設備價格昂貴、處理費時冗長而無法普遍推行,經過科學家的努力研究、不斷地改善,現今已進入了成熟的階段。近年來,隨著微電腦的功能日益增強,價格日漸低廉,使得影像處理已成為各行各業應用工具之一。我們以全新的概念,運用顏色區域來定義浮雕的位置形狀,以寫出影像擷取程式,讓平面照片或圖片做成立體浮雕不再是夢想。先將圖片轉出高度資料庫檔案,再用電腦輔助製造系統將刀具路徑轉換為NC 程式,而將NC 程式輸入電腦數值控制銑床後,就可進行製作。而我們使用影像擷取程式配上CAD/CAM,不僅顛覆了一般人對於浮雕總是使用人力加工的刻版印象外,也為浮雕的製作帶來了嶄新的方法。
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點跟點移動產生線、線跟線移動產生面、面跟面移動產生體。我們把柏拉圖多面體的點、線、面換一種方式來表達出不同的幾何性質,並使用木棒來架構另一個全新的多面體。用點線交換以及拼合產生規律的美感;如蜂窩、原子排列等等。在製作模型時、為求詳盡以及徹底了解多面體,在實驗過程中也包含定理的證明與電腦作圖。
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擺動知覺曉,觸角知多少!--光線與震動影響美洲蜚蠊觸角擺動模式之研究
During the biology classes from junior to senior high, we have learned many interesting instance of different animal behavior. Most people paid more attention on the Vertebrates as their experimental subjects. The other species around us, although with simple body structures, may behave rather complicated and versatile reactions. In particular, one of the most common insects with simple body structure in our neighborhood is the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). The aim of this study is to investigate the different swing motion modes of antennae of American cockroach by computer-aided Imaging Analysis. The parameters of each swing motion mode were calculated in order to analyze how light (including light stimulation and light adaptation) and vibration may affect the antennae behavior of American cockroach. It was found that the antennae swing motion modes were significantly different under different types of stimulus. If two types of stimulus occurred at the same time, the reactions of antennae motion may become conformable. In conclusion, antennae behavior has shown to significantly affect the survivability and environmental adaptation of American cockroach. Not only the antennae are considered as the sensitive receivers; but also they are the important transmitters to reflect physiological status and environmental condition.從國中到高中的生物課堂上,我們學到許多有趣的動物行為例子,但前人多以脊椎動物作為研究對象,而我們身旁的許多生物,身體構造雖較為簡單,但行為表現卻豐富多樣,尤其是常見的美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana),可說是最親近我們的昆蟲之一。本研究以攝影紀錄的方式,透過電腦進行影像分析,記錄不同刺激下蟑螂的觸角擺動模式,並計算出各項觸角運動的參數,以瞭解光線(照光刺激或照光適應)與震動刺激對其觸角行為的影響。我們發現在不同因子的刺激下,觸角擺動的模式具有差異,若兩種刺激同時發生,蟑螂觸角的行為亦具有整合性的反應,證明蟑螂觸角的行為模式,對其生存與適應具有重要意義。這也代表觸角除了為敏感的受器,亦為能反映出生理與環境狀態的重要動器。
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本研究主要探討電解液之帶電離子在磁場中的動力行為。為了觀察更細微的結果,共歷經三代裝置改良,第一代用五個電錶及探針測量徑向橫截面上五點的電壓,所測數值電壓有下降趨勢但不足以呈現細微部份的變化。第二代利用電壓感應線、搭配平移台及電腦,呈現連續性且經數位處理之結果,出現電壓升降的電荷堆積現象。第三代為了更精確,將裝置結構及器材上改良。觀察到在磁場作用下有旋轉現象,改變電極極性時,會有順逆時鐘方向的改變,且只有電解質液才會有旋轉。更可以使用帶電質點受到勞倫茲力F=q(VxB)理論解釋。且旋轉中的電解液比沒有旋轉時,析出的銅量少,反應溫度升高快,電解液內電壓分布因電荷堆積造成的高低起伏。經過改變磁場強度、電解液濃度,不銅價離子電解液,結果濃度大、磁場大、離子數較多者,呈現電壓分布圖快速變化,彎曲大。This thesis report is the study of combining the moving charged particles under the perpendicular magnetic field. By using the theory of moving and electrolysis, the electrolytic liquid will swirl through the particular arrangement of the horizontal cylinders enclosed in a circular enclosure container and strong magnet. Then, the researcher observes the force situation of the charge in the magnetic field and discusses the differences of the electrolysis effect, which is experimented under the different conditions, such as, in the magnetic field or no-magnetic field. Furthermore, the researchers discuss the conduction of voltage spreading and interfering when the moving electrons under different position of two electrodes and under the different interaction of electric field and the magnetic field. And the changing reason as follow: (1)the magnetic field strength. (2)the concentration of the electrolytic liquid. (3)electrolytic solution. When the experiment group compared with the comparison group, the result may provide fundamental understanding as follow:(1) The researchers can find out the charged particles rotating in the magnetic field. And it proved the moving condition when the moving electrons in the magnetic field. (2) This experiment can be used in judging the solution, which I electrolytes, or not. (3) This experiment also proved for Arrhenius’s ionic theory. (4) The researchers found out the quantity of Cuprun decrease, the rise in temperature and the reducing in voltage.
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