本研究利用奈米CuBr作為前驅物置換上修飾金屬，且以電氧化法使其成為摻雜奈米金屬之氧化銅電極，用於檢測亞硝酸鹽的氧化。研究發現：自製的奈米鈷金屬氧化銅電極(Co-CuBr/CuO NPs/GCE)，採循環伏安法檢測亞硝酸鹽可產生明顯氧化峰，催化且降低其氧化過電位約0.2 V，電流亦顯著提升。此電極偵測NO2―(aq)濃度範圍為50 ~ 25000 μM，靈敏度達1.94×104 μA / mg·mM。此外，在有干擾物存在時，Co-CuBr/CuO NPs/GCE偵測NO2―的選擇性極佳，應用於人工尿液的偵測極限可達10-6 M，且計時電流法濃度極限達74 μM，靈敏度極佳(2.23×104 μA / mg·mM)。本研究採用CV與CA方法確認自製修飾電極的偵測靈敏度相當且再現性佳，可有效檢測並催化亞硝酸鹽氧化，並可應用於尿液篩檢，達到簡潔永續效能。

豬皮富含膠原蛋白，經過正確的熬煮過程可以提煉出明膠運用在許多生活用品中，我們希望能將平常廢棄不用的豬皮完整利用，做出黏性超強的黏著劑。 本研究發現，豬皮去油脂後以5%的醋酸溶液浸泡24小時，再以100°C熬煮5小時，可以得到最高的豬皮明膠萃取率；而豬皮明膠黏性以80°C熬煮3小時後達到最高；乾燥豬皮明膠的復用，則是以80℃隔水加熱2小時可以得到較高的黏性。除了豬皮明膠作為黏著劑，我們更研發出將處理過程中的所有溶液及物質，一起製作成凝膠狀的「全豬皮膠」，其黏性遠超過市售黏著劑，黏性可以高達每平方公分80 公斤，不僅材料完全不浪費、容易保存且黏性品質穩定，更重要的是能夠節省乾燥所需電量，值得推薦！

Commercially available bandages such as hydrocolloid are neither biodegradable nor anti-bacterial. Chitin is known to be the second most naturally available polysaccharide which could be transformed to chitosan which is known to be anti-bacterial (Hasan, 2018) (Chao, 2019) and haemostatic (Okamoto, 2003) (Hu, 2018). Chitosan can be further converted to hydrogel which is bio-degradable and has good water absorbance. Anti-bacterial crab bio-bandages and crab bio-dressings should be bio-degradable as it took 42 days and a month for complete bio-degradation respectively, so they should be better than commercial bandages such as Nexcare Hydrocolloid as the disposal of anti-bacterial crab bio-bandages with bio-dressings would no longer pose burden to landfilling or threat to our environment. Anti-bacterial crab bio-bandages with bio-dressings are anti-bacterial with degree of deacetylation of DD% (measured using FTIR Spectrum II) 82.6% (due to the presence of chitosan) even without the application of other anti-bacterial agents and hence can provide complete protection of wounds from skin and soft tissues infections and haemostatic (due to the presence of chitosan). After testing and certification based on IS997:2004 and BS EN 13726-1, they should meet many requirements specified. Anti-bacterial crab bio-bandages should be eligible for marketing. Some results were as follows: 1.4 Anti-bacterial effect of crab hydrogels and roasted crab hydrogels Pure chitosan, crab chitosan, crab hydrogels and roasted crab hydrogels showed significant anti-bacterial effect. NO oral bacterial colonies were present in drinking water with crab hydrogels. Thus crab hydrogels could serve as effective anti-bacterial wound dressings. 1.6 Basing on IS997:2004 standard, the load per unit of area of anti-bacterial bio-bandages was 342g/m2 which met the minimum requirement of 36g/m2, the anti-bacterial bio-bandages had stronger tension strength (>20N both in dry and wet conditions) than commercial hydrocolloid. (2.7N dry 2.8N wet) which was comparable with that required (50-67N) and pH of about 7 which met the pH range of 4.5-8. 1.7 The FSA Free-Swell Absorbency of synthetic blood of crab hydrogel bio-dressings was 1.86g per 5cm x 5cm dressing which was much higher than that of commercial hydrocolloid (0.299g per 5cm x 5cm dressing) based on BS EN 13726-1.

方形盒盛透明液體，置放在冷源上方，液體發生熱擴散時，溫度由上往下逐漸下降，形成溫度梯度以及折射率梯度。雷射光照射和鉛直線成一定角度的玻棒透鏡，再穿過方形盒的透明液體時，在屏上形成斜直線，經一段時間的熱擴散後，變成曲線；曲線和斜直線的距離(h)，隨著時間(t)以及光線照射的位置(y)改變，作不同y的h-t圖可得知液體的熱擴散率狀況。 冷源的溫度0℃，分別用甘油和乙醇作待測液，得到的h-t圖，符合熱擴散推導出的h隨t改變的方程式；改用水當待測液，得到的h-t圖，就不符合熱擴散推導出的h隨t改變的方程式。改用-5℃的冷源，分別用水和氯化鈉水溶液作待測液，得到的h-t圖，不符合熱擴散推導出的h隨t改變的方程式。 用簡易的設備可以了解折射率梯度，溫度梯度，熱擴散率，以及液體的非線性熱擴散。

本研究探討富含膠原蛋白的魚鱗，藉由嘗試各種電器及配合熬煮時間長短，萃取出最佳濃度之魚鱗萃取液，並找出最佳成膜配方為魚鱗萃取液20 g、5 %TG酵素水溶液0.8 mL、甘油 1 mL、乙醇 1.5 mL，以冰箱冷藏方式製作出魚鱗薄膜，接著以自製儀器測量魚鱗薄膜之透水性、穿刺強度、彈性、水溶溫度、膠熔溫度等物理性質，再將製作出的魚鱗薄膜包覆胡椒乾粉及油料醬包，以熱壓來密封包裝膜封口，封膜效果好不會溢出，放入熱水中 2 分鐘內皆可完全溶解，攪拌後調味料分布平均，是很適合當作泡麵調味包的包裝材料，故將魚鱗廢棄物再利用，製作的薄膜不但能食用，亦能取代塑膠，預期可達到「低污染、省資源、無廢棄」等減量減廢之環保理念。

本實驗最主要探討如何降低 Two Qubits System 經由 SWAP 閘後 Qubits 互相交換訊號時產生的誤差，用 Qiskit 環境測量雙量子位元系統誤差，利用隨機基準測量實驗找出誤差值，目前經由我們測量後經典量子SWAP閘的誤差值為2.003%。為了提高現代量子演算法的可信度及可行性，我們將經典量子SWAP閘的誤差定義為初始誤差，我們嘗試設計新的交換邏輯閘 SWAP 閘，將經典量子SWAP 閘替換成其他能達到相同目的的邏輯電路和調整脈衝作用時間，以及透過交叉共振理論以及調整脈衝圖形找出最優結構，延長超導量子電腦 ibmq_casablanca 的保真度，最後經由實際操作得到新的數值，並測量其誤差。我們成功的利用自製的SWAP閘降低 67.2%的誤差，也找出沒有相位翻轉也能實現的 SWAP 閘，這是個可行性很高的實驗。

Swimming pools are one of the transmission routes of superficial and cutaneous fungal infections. Maintenance of environmental hygiene in different parts of swimming pools is of great importance, especially the hygiene of water (1). The conventional fungal detection methods include direct smear preparation, culture, and pathological examinations. However, these methods are not fast enough or do not have sufficient sensitivity (2). Therefore, the present research introduces a novel method for detecting Aspergillus niger in pool water through creating optimal conditions for this fungus, which leads to the citric acid production by the fungus and pH changes of the related culture medium. Four experiments in 10 steps were performed to find the optimal conditions for fungal growth. According to our results, adding each of the variables sucrose, soy, and ferrous sulfate can lead to favorable results. Moreover, the shaker speed increase and fungal aeration are important. Also, we showed that soybean led to the best results compared to other variables. Considering the obtained results, including the shortened detection duration and cost-effectiveness, this method can be presented to the swimming pool owners and pathobiology laboratories as the method of choice for Aspergillus niger detection.

Originally, the Tesla transformer was developed to transmit energy and messages wirelessly. But it did not prove itself for either of these applications, so today it is only used for research purposes. Over time, the Tesla transformer has evolved and improved. Today it is possible with Tesla transformers to generate powerful and highly precise controlled discharges. During operation, impressive high-voltage discharges occur at the transformer. A tesla transformer is basically a high voltage generator that achieves a voltage boost by using two magnetically coupled LC series resonant circuits of the same resonant frequency. The Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla Coil (DRSSTC) built in this work has a high power IGBT half bridge module to excite the primary resonant circuit at the resonant frequency. The IGBTs are driven in such a way that audible pressure waves, and therefore music, are generated by the electrical discharges at the high voltage electrode. Within the scope of this work were the following two questions: - How is a DRSSTC designed and built? The DRSSTC system realized in this work is about 80 cm high and reaches about one-meter-long discharges. The design, development, and construction of the transformer are documented in detail and extensively in this thesis. - How does one measure an electrical voltage of 200,000 V, which changes sign more than 100,000 times per second? Two approaches have been taken to measure the voltages. Derived from the energy balance of an ideal capacitor and an ideal coil, a secondary voltage of about 200 kV was calculated via secondary current measurement. The second approach uses a voltage measurement via an in-house developed measuring electrode and a calculated divider ratio between the measured voltage and the secondary voltage. A relatively unrealistic secondary voltage of about 750 kV was measured since the divider ratio depends on approximate values. Nevertheless, the measuring electrode can be used for investigations of the voltage curve, or the divider ratio can be calibrated via the secondary current measurement. The development of such a transformer laid the foundation for much further research and scientific analysis.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged infectious disease caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In less than one year, the virus has spread around the entire world, killing millions of people and disrupting travel and business worldwide. During infection, the virus uses its Spike protein to dock onto the Ace2 protein on the surface of its human host cell. Spike is 1273 amino acids long and only a short fragment of Spike (319-541) is sufficient to bind Ace2. We hypothesized that the remaining protein sequences of Spike might have functions for viral replication beyond the binding of Ace2. We have performed Split-Ubiquitin protein-protein interaction screens to isolate human proteins by their ability to bind to Spike, and we have identified Annexin2A2 and Cytochrome b as novel human protein interaction partners of Spike. Annexin2A2 is involved in both endocytosis and exocytosis, and the protein interaction with Spike might help the virus to enter and exit its host cell. The presence of the mitochondrial Cytochrome b protein inside the cytosol promotes apoptosis, and the protein interaction with Spike could speed up sapoptosis of the infected human cell. The Nub cDNA libraries that we have generated also allowed us to screen for synthetic peptides that interact with Spike. We have isolated two synthetic peptides, FL1a and FL7a, derived from the non-coding parts of human mRNAs by their ability to interact with Spike. We found that both FL1a and FL7a interact with the C-terminal half of the Spike protein. We also found that FL7a is able to block the Spike-Spike self-interaction at the C-terminal half of the Spike protein and we think that this could block the reassembly of the Spike protein in the host cell during viral reassembly. We hope that those synthetic peptides could be used as drugs due to their ability to block protein-protein interactions of Spike with human host proteins that are essential for viral replication.

我們探討紫蘇作為植物染的可能性。首先分析其主要成份，發現葉子中的花青素、葉綠素B、葉綠素A與胡蘿蔔素很明顯，花朵的成份則不明顯。我們將紫蘇液各滴入檸檬酸（C6H8O7）與氫氧化鈉（NaOH）水溶液中觀察顏色變化，訝異的是紫蘇液在酸中，會呈現粉紅色及茶色系；紫蘇液在鹼中會呈成現黃色及深褐色系。 我們將紫蘇液置於胚布、濾紙、廚房紙巾中比較，調整布和紙與水面的仰角從10度到90度，應用毛細現象原理探討上升高度，為求實驗準確性共實驗18次。發現胚布上升的高度與速度，均最低、最慢；濾紙上升高度與速度，均最高、最快；廚房紙巾上升高度與速度，均次之。我們以紫蘇液DIY熱染漸層T-shirt，發現染過的T-shirt不易褪色，真是既環保又經濟的效用。

手語為聾啞人士日常溝通的工具，但對一般人來說這是一種難以理解的溝通方式。本實驗使用深度學習的 Yolov3 與 Yolov4 模型訓練37個國語注音符號手勢，然後再驗證模型對圖片、影片、即時(Real time)攝影辨識的正確率。 實驗結果顯示：Yolo v3 圖片辨識度效果還不錯，但影片辨識度很差，而Yolo v4 不管在靜態的圖片或動態影片都有不錯的辨識率，另外在即時的影像辨識也有不錯的效果。 雖然有部分符號的辨識度很低，但這可能是訓練時照片拍攝的問題，如果可以改進拍攝的數量和技巧，相信可以大幅提升判讀的準確率。

Nowadays, cooling open spaces in hot seasons without using fossil fuels has gained a lot of attention. In this regard, natural air conditioning is a great method for conserving energy that can be used for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution. Structures like windcatchers are used for natural air conditioning as a building component in warm climates since they are placed in the path of the wind and direct the wind to play a significant role in reducing the temperature. The main objective of the current study is to explore air conditioning in open spaces based on sustainable architecture. The current study reviews the relevant literature from credible journals, and it includes studies with relevant subjects published from 1851 to 2021. The findings show that implementing this design project can result in significant advances in terms of reducing humidity, removing dust and insects from the air, conserving energy, reducing the global temperature, using renewable energies, and producing conditioned air for the area