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本科展所探討及製作智慧圖控爐,為解決目前市面上的溫控器的限制,例如:溫度控制只能恆溫、溫度曲線固定等,而智慧圖控爐就是利用手機繪製溫度曲線來控制溫度的。若是以市面上的溫控器來講,生產者有新的東西要生產,但是新產品所需的溫度控制和舊產品不同,且溫度需要依時間變化,那生產者就必須訂製一套新的溫控系統,但對智能圖控爐而言只需畫新的溫度曲線圖,為此降低許多成本及提升方便性。
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別「碳」氣!讓稻穀「銀」你變「醇」!──奈米光觸媒還原CO2為CH3OH與C2H5OH
本研究將洗淨後的廢棄稻殼,以溫度600℃、時間4小時,鍛燒成SiO2,固定SiO2 1g並加入AgNO3,以Ag作為電子載體,製備Ag/SiO2奈米光觸媒。將定量觸媒加入已通1 小時CO2的NaOH(aq)中,以紫外光照射進行半導體光催化反應。以AgNO3的重量百分濃度為變因,發現重量百分濃度10wt%之光觸媒將CO2轉化為CH3OH及C2H5OH的效果比其他比例之觸媒的效果佳,故對其進行研究與改良。因此,將已合成之10wt%光觸媒分別以時間與溫度為變因,鍛燒為Ag/Ag2O/SiO2奈米光觸媒,分析討論其產生CH3OH和C2H5OH的效果,並與未鍛燒的觸媒進行比較。
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The influence of lanscape on nest preferences and behavior of twig nesting Hymenoptera
The occurrence and behavior of insects is significantly affected by the environment they live in. In this thesis, I dealt with the influence of structure of landscape on nesting preferences of Hymenoptera. For this comparison I had chosen to work with twig-nesting Hymenoptera, for which I have placed artificial nest opportunities into four biotopes – heath, edge of a heath, country lanes between fields and field. The studied location is located south of Znojmo near Podyjí national park. Particularly, I have focused on small carpenter bees of genus Ceratina. My results show that there is a big difference in the species distribution between the habitates of field and heath. The habitats of edge of a heath and country lanes make up a gradient between these two biotopes. The ecosystem of fields was preferred by a sphecid wasp Pemphredon lethifer and Ceratina cyanea. On the other hand, the ecosystem of heath was preferred by Ceratina chalybea, Ceratina nigrolabiata and megachille bee Hoplitis tridentata. I had also found out that in species that are more abundant on heaths, there is higher mortality of offsprings. Heaths were a place of the highest competition between species, as a result of which species with a lower body weight (Ceratina nigrolabiata) have been pushed into narrower twigs by larger species (Ceratina chalybea). I recorded a high number of nests in biparental bee Ceratina nigrolabiata, which were guarded only by mother in fields and country lane habitats. This may indicate that Ceratina nigrolabiata is only facultatively biparental, not strictly biparental as was considered until now.
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本研究以新竹縣竹東軟橋地區原生的圓葉挖耳草為研究對象,研究結果如下: 圓葉挖耳草分佈於濕潤、pH值4~6的岩壁上。無根,走莖發達,植株約2~3cm;單葉圓形或匙形;花粉紅或紫紅色,花柄高1~2cm,有花距;果實為乳白色蒙古包狀;種子橢圓,表面布滿倒刺。捕蟲囊為圓形囊袋狀,觸角狀毛為二分岔錐狀,無觸發毛,但能黏住小生物;植株生長受水分多寡影響。捕蟲囊從囊瓣出現到發育成熟約需9-11天。 圓葉挖耳草為雜食性,50%的捕蟲囊中有藻類,37.5%為小蟲,以搖蚊幼蟲和線蟲為主。59%的捕蟲囊囊口含花青素,多呈紫紅色、紫色或藍色。花青素的顏色變化與食物種類、消化時間及外在環境的酸鹼值有關,亦可能有預防強光突然照射與引蟲入袋的功能。
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「草籽糖」針對植物種子發芽時能轉化澱粉為糖,而在哪種狀況下,澱粉較容易化糖?實驗內容設計在小學生能完成的部分:草籽與澱粉的擇選;芽的部位;澱粉與芽的比例;進而探討環境的影響如溫度;光線;時間等因素,過程不時呈現看不見的、有趣的化學現象,草籽在過程中施了甜蜜的術法,糖在實驗中偷偷的變化著。
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四角垛是「底層是邊長為n顆球的正方形,其上層在每顆球的中間排成邊長為n顆球的正方形,依此方式堆疊至最上層是邊長為n顆的正方形」。 本文主要探討的問題為:當四角垛最底層彩球用紅藍綠三種彩球擺定,上層每顆球的顏色由其下層所接觸的四顆彩球依照給定之規則來決定其顏色(紅或藍或綠),那四角垛最頂層那顆球的顏色為何?我們透過數學建模將此問題轉換為 的矩陣問題來解決,並得到如何最快求得答案的方法。另外,透過矩陣的可逆性與否我們可以判斷當給定四角垛哪些位置彩球的顏色後,即可推得四角垛中每顆彩球的顏色。
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The Waves Fish Controller
Our oceans, coasts, and estuaries are home to diverse living things. These organisms take many forms, from the tiniest single-celled plankton to the largest animal on Earth, the blue whale. Understanding the life cycles, habits, habitats, and inter-relationships of marine life contributes to our understanding of the planet as a whole. Human influence and reliance on these species, as well as changing environmental conditions, will determine the future health of these marine inhabitants Humans influence the whole environment even if they don’t notice , the growth of men and our increasing reproduction over the years results to an over consumption of nutritious products , which makes us exploit the wildlife more and more and in the same time take parts of its habitats for us to life in and throwing our non-needed materials in what’s left of the world. And that’s a big problem because the Eco-System was just fine before we started over exploiting it in a greedy and unreasonable manner, and since the ecosystem’s parts are related altogether in an ongoing circle , the absence or the destruction of one part of It may lead to the unbalance and even destruction of the whole organized system. And that’s why as humans, it is our first duty to take care of nature generally and both fauna and flora specifically, not because of a moral code of some kind; but to protect Humanity from ourselves, and to preserve the human kind from destruction and extinction. And that’s the main goal of our project, that’s to help us organize our fishing exploitative activities with how much can the environment handle from it.
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捲出生路 --- 四季豆豆莢捲曲的祕密
植物在自然界會用不同的傳播方式來傳播種子用以繁衍下一代。利用容易種植的四季豆進行研究,藉由徒手切片觀察得知:四季豆的種子散播是利用母株開始枯萎時,豆莢會乾燥破裂後再翻轉,使種子暴露而掉落來繁衍下一代。豆莢能否順利破裂,是因豆莢果皮內充滿溼潤的薄壁細胞和薄膜狀心皮的壁,失去水分時產生收縮轉化成拉扯豆莢果皮的力量,導致豆莢接合處腹縫線產生破裂,利用塗上白膠的吸水紙乾燥後彎曲可證實。至於豆莢果皮翻轉,則須借助豆莢內、外壁厚薄不同,內壁較外壁薄水分散失快,皺縮速度快,產生以外壁為轉軸的翻轉,貼上透氣膠帶的吸水紙會由無貼膠帶處因較快乾燥而向上捲曲可證實。
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從環保署2015~2017年報中,全國酸雨(pH值小於5.0)比例最高在萬里及觀音站,全國鹼雨(pH值大於6.1)比例最高在崙背站。經資料分析後,研究發現以下結論: 一、觀音站和萬里站皆為離海近且無當地污染源的背景站,因此酸雨污染源應是外來的;酸雨與PM2.5的形成方式有很高的關聯性,冬季的致酸汙染物可藉由東北季風到達臺灣,而使得酸雨發生比例高達90%。 二、崙背鹼雨與 [PM10-PM2.5] 的相關性最高,由緯向降水酸鹼值的變異分析發現當地局部地區的變遷很明顯,非外來環境影響所導致。 三、崙背北方的揚塵為雨水致鹼的原因之一,鹼雨發生比例高達90 %的月份皆在東北季風季,兩者雖非線性相關,但關聯性很高。 四、極端酸雨、鹼雨僅發生在時雨量小於 5 mm的事件。
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「泥」中之王,一躍知「鰍」探討泥鰍與環境感應的行為模式
本研究包含泥鰍對底棲環境、溶氧量、路徑選擇、空間學習記憶、水溫、光線明暗和電流等的行為反應。這次研究裡我們發現到: 1.乾淨的水域和平滑的底棲層是泥鰍喜歡的環境,打破我們對牠們喜歡生活在淤泥的觀感。 2.自來水溶氧量較高,泥鰍大多停留在底棲,煮沸後的冷開水溶氧量極低,泥鰍腸呼吸次數較高。 3.水溫20℃~25℃是泥鰍適合生存的溫度,一旦環境的溫度變化了,牠們的體色會隨著改變,水溫8℃以下和35℃以上不利於牠們生存。 4.泥鰍對空間具有記憶,能回憶曾經居住過的環境,且有令人覺得驚訝及意外的翻越動作。 5.泥鰍對明暗學習記憶能力,能產生制約行為。 6.泥鰍對電流的感應很敏銳,電壓6.5V就能感應到,會做出鑽掘泥砂的激烈反應。
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本研究主要著重於台灣西南海域的沙勞越頭鯊(Cephaloscyllium sarawakensis),又稱為沙勞越絨毛鯊)。透過在高雄梓官區的蚵仔寮下雜魚場將近二年的觀察和採集,記錄沙勞越頭鯊的數量、大小、性別等重要資料,再透過數據分析,推算出牠的繁殖週期。近期學界發現沙勞越頭鯊特殊的生殖方式-持續單一卵生(sustained single oviparity),我根據這個理論分析採集紀錄的數據推測沙勞越頭鯊的產地及繁殖季節,而且我在將近兩年的調查記錄沙勞越頭鯊發現了牠們有不少特點。文中可以完整地把我這近兩年來調查記錄的所有發現一一陳述。
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超「極」經「點」—過給定點之正n邊形邊長極值暨相似n邊形定理之探討
本文過由問題「過平面上任意給定n點作n邊形,使其每條邊分別包含這n個點的其中一點」出發,將條件放寬使給定點可在「各邊直線上」,並定義「狹義解」與「廣義解」,研究其存在性以及邊長的極值問題。另外,我們也意外發現了相似n邊形定理,並給出了嚴謹的證明。
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