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以直向、橫向、斜向磁磚鋪滿mxn矩形的研究

我們的主題是研究使用直向、橫向與斜向磁磚不交疊地鋪滿m × n的長方形的方法總數。磁磚總共有如圖A中間所列出的四種(其中著上藍色和綠色兩者統稱為「斜向的」磁磚),並且斜向磁磚不能夠有圖所顯示的交疊的情形。在1961 年的論文中給出了只使用直向、橫向磁磚鋪滿2m × 2n 的長方形的方法數的一個漂亮的公式,而2001 年的論文以一個較簡單的方法證明了這個結果。(1)(2)(3) 而我們先從固定 m 尋找遞迴式的方法出發,接著用m 的結果推出m + 1,最後期望能找出與論文一樣的一個漂亮的一般通式。

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攜帶型直笛檢測器研發與呼出氣體分析

以往呼氣分析皆是在醫院及研究單位進行,且呼氣檢測可提供診斷疾病的資訊。文獻中指出,血糖值上升則呼氣中CO2濃度上升;血糖值下降則呼氣中CO2濃度下降。本研究發展攜帶型直笛檢測器(簡稱FRD)分析呼氣,採用市售直笛組合自製流速計,搭配APP-Spectroid測量吹入氣體聲波頻率,比對聲波頻率與分子量相關性,並加入氣體絕熱指數的校正。本研究FRD完成N2與CO2校正,得到高再現性結果,以N2和CO2不同比例混合氣體作為標準品,完成檢量線。人體呼氣測試以多步驟集氣袋模式排除水氣,並將測出呼氣平均分子量換算與校正得呼氣中CO2濃度。本研究有效開發FRD並發展微小化輕便檢測器,降低檢測器成本易推廣於大眾,更能夠收集大數據促進國人醫學與健康的研究。

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助行步態分析與輔行設備改良

科技的主要目的是在改善人類及各種生物之生活。本研究的目的即是建立助行步態的分析,並發展可控式輔行設備,藉著此一智慧化輔具,改善長者或傷患的行動能力,使其不畏於行走,並對其復健、社交生活有所助益。 該可控式輔行設備使用磁流變液煞車器以即時提供最佳阻力,控制輔行設備速度。輔行設備上亦設計有力量感測器、傾角計、轉速計,可以感測使用者的行為,提供適當的信號以隨時調整輔行設備之阻力。研究中對長者步態進行量測與分析,建立各感測值與步態行為之關聯性,並找出關鍵變數來預測步態,依此建立輔行設備的控制邏輯。藉由整合煞車器、感測器與控制邏輯和人機界面,建立可控式輔行設備,大幅提高使用者之安全性與便利性。

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冷暖自知的長鼻子小丑

龍眼雞(Pyrops candelarius)分佈金門及東南亞,它具紅色額頂凸、黃綠體色,如同長鼻子小丑。我的研究目的︰一、普查它的生態環境;二、計算族群量;三、體紋的保護色;四、額頂凸的保護色。 樣區調查發現當龍眼雞有多種宿主選擇時,會優先選擇龍眼樹。五次捉放法估出秋、冬族群量達253±20 隻,並14次調查發現高溫時,個體的活動力會增加,推測秋冬時它會移到他處棲息。 利用高溫、低溫的飼養箱,證明額頂凸受溫度改變而變色,高溫為紅色,低溫為黃色,推測額頂凸具擬態龍眼幼枝,其中幼枝夏天為紅色、冬天轉為黃色。由於樹葉光影、蟲體黃白斑紋的佔有率分別為46.2%±3.47%、48%±1.87%,兩者數據雷同,推測黃白斑紋為模擬光影的保護色。期許未來探究龍眼雞利用溫度調解生理的機制。

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雙珠進動 : 探究兩圓形球體黏合後的特殊轉動現象及其動力機制分析

我把兩顆半徑相同的圓球體黏著在一起,在平面上轉動雙珠並用手機從側面與俯視拍攝其運動影片。將拍攝影片匯入電腦,隨後利用軟體Tracker,研究雙珠在不吹氣的情況下,其運動的型態,並且從受力狀態推論其成因。接下來操縱不同半徑的雙珠和對雙珠不同的吹氣方式來觀察對其運動型態的影響。研究發現,雙珠的半徑與不同的吹氣方式造成的力矩對雙珠運動皆會有規律性的影響,因此嘗試建立理論模型來解釋實驗結果的規律性。在最後的進階研究探討,不僅由實驗結果再度驗證上述理論模型的適用性,也發現雙珠運動在磁攪拌機的磁力趨動下也呈現出進動現象。

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原來她四處流竄

我們利用遞迴式求n個不同球放入k個相同箱子的方法數,得到形如巴斯卡三角的數值表,並發現在遞迴關係裡求得的數與落階乘多項式的係數恰好相同。 接著我們將形如巴斯卡三角的數值表轉換成矩陣表示,求出其反方陣,此反方陣竟然是Stirling numbers of the first kind;再將反方陣中的元素取絕對值得Stirling numbers of the second kind;Stirling numbers of the second kind表中的第n列第x行的元素,竟是將n個人分成x圈的方法數。 接著我們找出: Stirling numbers of the first kind與調和級數的關係式、Stirling numbers of the second kind與Pmn的關係式、Stirling numbers of the second kind與Cmn的關係式及Stirling numbers of the second kind與Hmn的關係式,並利用數學歸納法與gamma函數證明上述關係式;並尋找到響鈴數字與n個不同球放入k個相同箱子的方法數的連結。

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一手搞定-家電遙控器整合探討

在日常生活中可以遙控的家電有許多,例如:電視機、冷氣……。而這些家電的遙控器有些大小就如手掌般大,有些卻只有幾根指頭大,一不小心亂放,就有可能遺失,為了改善上述缺點,因此本專案研究嘗試利用智慧型手機的App結合Wifi及乙太網路的功能,把所有的遙控器濃縮結合在一個手機App程式中,並進行了探討,藉由實作設計實體機構及電路,得到了下列結果: 一、 利用智慧型手機結合Wifi及網際網路,可進行遠、近距離遙控家電是可行的。 二、 利用Arduino模組連結Wifi及網際網路接收訊號,輸出指令及遙控碼至紅外線發射電路,達到一機整合便能方便控制家中具有遙控器的家電及設備。 三、 藉由小組改良傳統紅外線單一發射LED,改善傳統遙控器單一方向的缺點。

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窗戶在開與不開之間

本研究主要探討如何改善日照造成室內居住悶熱不適的方法,經各項相關實驗後,進一步設計出由arduino控制之低耗能環境舒適系統裝置。 首先,先針對不開窗之室內環境如何降低居住不適性進行實驗探討,根據實驗結果發現將窗戶貼上具反光效果之隔熱紙效果最佳;然後,針對開窗之室內環境如何降低居住不適性,發現百葉窗扇葉寬度越小、夾角越大且具反光效果時,室內溫度升高較緩慢而透光率也越高;接著,探討在室內其他壁面增設通風口及主動吸排風裝置之可行性;最後,根據以上研究結果,設計出低耗能環境舒適系統裝置。

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Development of a neurointerface glove with tactile feedback

Research Question or Engineering Problem A stroke continues to be the most important medical and social problem of the modern world. Stroke is a type of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) and is characterised by a sudden (within minutes, less often - hours) appearance of focal neurological symptoms (motor, speech, sensory, coordinating, visual and other disorders) and / or general brain disorders (depression of consciousness, headache, vomiting, etc.) that persist for more than 24 hours or lead to death of the patient in a short period of time due to a cause of cerebrovascular origin. There are two clinical and pathogenetic forms of stroke: ishemic stroke (cerebral infarction) is caused by acute focal cerebral ischemia, leading to infarction (zone of ischemic necrosis) of the brain; hemorrhagic stroke (non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage) is caused by rupture of an intracerebral vessel and blood penetration into the brain parenchyma or rupture of an arterial aneurysm with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ACVA also includes transient disorders of cerebral circulation, characterised by the sudden occurrence of focal neurological symptoms that develop in a patient with cardiovascular disease (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, vasculitis, etc.), last for several minutes, less often hours, but no more than 24 hours, and ends with a full restoration of the impaired brain functions. Transient disorders of cerebral circulation include: transient ischemic attack (TIA), which develops as a result of short-term local cerebral ischemia and is characterised by sudden transient neurological disorders with focal symptoms; hypertensive cerebral emergency, which is a condition associated with an acute (usually significant) rise in blood pressure (BP) and accompanied by the appearance of general cerebral (less often focal) neurological symptoms secondary to hypertension. The most severe form of hypertensive crisis is acute hypertensive encephalopathy, the basis of pathogenesis of which is cerebral edema. Cerebral infarction generally is the result of the interaction of many etiopathogenetic factors, which can be subdivided into local and systemic ones. Local factors include: morphological changes in the brachiocephalic or intracerebral arteries (pathological tortuosity, etc.), atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels of the aortic arch and cerebral arteries, cardiac lesions as a source of thromboembolic cerebral infarctions, fibromuscular dysplasias of the walls of the brachiocephalic and cerebral arteries, brachiocephalic artery dissection, vasculitis (arteritis), changes in the cervical spine with the formation of extravasal compression of the vertebral arteries, anomalies in the structure of the vessels of the neck and brain (hypoplasia of the vertebral artery, trifurcation of the internal carotid artery), etc. Systemic factors include: disorders of central and cerebral hemodynamics (a sharp change in BP or a decrease in cardiac output, etc.), hereditary and acquired coagulopathies, polycythemia, certain forms of leukemia, hypovolemia, psychoemotional stress / distress, etc., hypercoagulative / hyperaggregatory side effects of a number of medications (oral contraceptives, etc.). In the 俄羅斯n Federation, more than 500 thousand people have a stroke every year. About 25,000 new cases of stroke occur in St. Petersburg every year. The incidence of stroke in the 俄羅斯n Federation is 3.48 ± 0.21 cases per 1000 people. The incidence of various types of ACVA varies widely, in particular, cerebral infarctions account for 65–75%, hemorrhages (including subarachnoid hemorrhages) – 15–20%, transient cerebral circulation disorders account for 10–15%. The frequency of cerebral strokes in the population over 50–55 years old increases by 1.8–2 times in each subsequent decade of life. Medical and socio-economic consequences of ACVA are very significant, in particular, death in the acute period of stroke occurs in 34.6% cases, during the first year after the end of the acute period in 13.4% cases; severe disability with the need for constant care is present in 20.0% of stroke patients; 56.0% have limited working capacity and only 8.0% return to their previous work activity. Disability due to stroke (the national average is 56–81%) in our country ranks first among all causes of primary disability, amounting to 3.2 per 10 thousand people. Stroke mortality among working-age population has increased in the 俄羅斯n Federation by more than 30% over the past 10 years. The annual death rate from stroke in our country is 175 per 100 thousand people. Stroke annually becomes the main cause of disability: 85% of victims experience a decrease in strength or a complete lack of ability to control the muscles of half of the body and only half of them recover limb functions partially or completely; the rest of those who have suffered a stroke remain paralysed and require care, since they are not able to completely independent existence. In this regard, recently, in the process of rehabilitation, the technology of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) has begun to be actively used. on the basis of this technology exercise machines are created. These exercise machines are controlled directly by the patient himself. This feature of the technology increases the effect of the procedure by providing a direct connection between the patient's desire and effort with the work of the simulator. The greatest development of this technology is observed in the field of medicine, where BCIs are used as a means of communication or as one of the tools of neurorehabilitation. In this regard, it seems very promising to develop the most optimal brain-computer interfaces. The goal of our project was to create an automated training complex in the form of a neuro-controlled glove with tactile feedback, designed to simplify access to rehabilitation means.

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能屈能伸的哲學-端黑豹斑蝶的適應策略

臺灣及日本氣候不同,日本年均溫低且年溫差大。兩地端黑豹斑蝶幼蟲較易取得的菫菜也不同,推測兩地族群發展不同適應策略。首先比較COI基因,檢視族群分化。記錄不同族群在不同溫度下的生活史、型態(體長、翅長、腹重),並餵養不同食草,探討不同族群是否有不同適應。 比較COI序列,發現日、臺族群未有明顯分化。各族群在生長發育、宿主植物利用及生殖投資可能發展出不同的適應策略。臺灣族群生活史長、發育零點高、有效積溫低,對宿主植物的變化較敏感。高溫下日本族群體、翅長縮小,而臺灣族群體、翅長雖有類似現象,但對溫度改變較不敏感。臺灣族群體重隨溫度上升縮小,雌蝶腹重比例於高、低溫均增加。端黑豹斑蝶發展以上不同生理反應以適應。

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一二三犇牛山,山上尋找古海灘-碎屑化石密集層與油氣環境之探討

本研究對象為台南市牛山剖面六重溪層內碎屑化石密集層,透過野外調查與模擬實驗,分析六重溪層上部化石密集層,與下部油氣儲集層關係,並推論牛山地區古今的地理環境。 我們發現這些密集層的化石種類,具有相似的地質現象,因此重建碎屑化石密集層間的關係 ;並採集沙灘現生貝類與觀察碎屑分布,透過破壞實驗與水流實驗,了解貝類被破壞成碎屑 的能量,與碎屑被搬運堆積的過程。 本研究針對岩塊孔隙率測量,提出獨創的浸沒白油法,並與專業儀器測得孔隙率之砂岩比較,證明具備準確性。透過高解析度的電腦斷層掃描圖,分析砂岩中孔隙的分布情形;並推測六重溪層下部油氣儲集層,其地層條件與上部碎屑化石密集層類似,為膠結較不緻密的鈣質砂岩地層。

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以小見大—從大小礁溪沖積扇群窺視蘭陽平原的演育

蘭陽沖積扇及其平原的演育,一直是地球科學界所注目的焦點。許多的學者或由地質、或由地形、或由地球物理提出他們卓越的論點;本研究嘗試換另一個角度:以沖積扇去推測宜蘭二萬年前至今的平原變遷史;在整個研究中,結合平原內的地質、地球物理及古海平面資料,藉由文獻探討、GIS、多元迴歸與物理原理,去推測它們之間的關聯性。結果修正以往的看法,認為導致宜蘭平原雪山山脈側沖積扇的規模及數目較大的說法,可能是受斷層作用及陡降的基盤面等控制因子影響所致;另外利用多元迴歸分析,預測8000年前至3000年前海岸線的位置與陳文山(2005)推測海岸線位置相當吻合;並提出:宜蘭平原古沖積扇演育大致可分成四個時期的新模型。

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