國小小朋友大多數喜歡棒球運動，且常問：全壘打是否真的可遇不可求？棒球專家也強調，唯有不斷的練習才可提高命中率。練習的內容如：在18.44m捕、投手之間以0.4~0.5 秒不同球路的球速做眼明手快的反應；以強勁的力最和棒的擺動中心去擊打球面中心，使球成 45o角飛出。以上若由教練來現身說法、表演，也不一定能隨心所欲的正確揮棒，擊出理想的球。再者，隨科技的進步，人類的體能可藉機械、器材、藥物或模擬情境來突破生理極限。囚此本研究先探討投球與擊球的理論，並提出六項假設；再根據理論設計製做「棒球擊球實驗器」，從事五種實驗，讓小朋友明瞭：「怎樣打，棒球才會飛得遠？」

我們的實驗目的主要是探討影響橡皮筋動力螺旋槳船在水面航行距離的因素為何？瞭解其相同船身、相同重量且動力相同時改變螺旋槳的位置、船身重心、不同樣式與大小的螺旋槳、船型樣式的各種變化來瞭解影響橡皮筋動力船的行進距離等因素，並針對改變螺旋槳吃水深度的不同、船身的形狀對行進距離影響進行實驗與探討，來驗證我們的想法，藉此充份掌控一些符合節能的動力船艇技巧，並加以利用與了解。

There are three main threats that give disastrous outcomes to the ecosystem, oil spill in the open sea, non-biodegradable wrapping plastics and logging to accommodate the paper industry. The current oil absorbent available in the market nowadays are more of fibers with hydrophilic characteristics. As a result, the oil been absorbed cannot be reused and causing total lost to the oil companies. It is estimates that billions of Malaysian Ringgit(RM) lost due to this cause for the past ten years.\r The objective of this project is to produce oil absorbent that not only created from the Empty Fruit Bunch(EFB) as a recycling initiative but at the same time able to reuse back all the absorbed oil after that. On top of that to this, we also hope to produce a biodegradable wrapping paper from the same material.\r The initial step towards the production of this eco-absorbent is known as Compounding Process which involves the grinding of the EFB along with some used rubber. This is then followed by adding flour to the mixture and then cooked until it is matured. At the end of this process, the product is grinded into refined form. Based on the investigations conducted, this eco-absorbent able to absorb oil five times of its weight and using a minimal pressure, the absorbed oil can be recollected back hence use onwards without changing the oil physical or chemical properties.\r On the other hand, the eco-friendly wrapping paper made out of the same material also showed high durability and tensile index. In addition to this it also showed high flexibility folding index which enables this wrapping paper to be shaped and folded into various forms according to the customer needs. All of these positives characteristics suggest that this eco-friendly wrapping paper able to replace the conventional plastic wrapping paper available in the market nowadays.\r In conclusion, we are one step closer in reducing the environmental pollution by using the EFB to produce the eco-oil absorbent and wrapping paper that it’s not only stressed on recycling the waste materials and precious oil resources but at the same time helps to save billions of Ringgit by the oil companies.

19、20世紀的後期印象派中，點描派為最吸引人的畫派之ㄧ，而喬治‧秀拉(Georges Seurat)即是其畫派之代表人物，因此，設計實驗時以秀拉的畫風為中心。\r 本研究以Photoshop繪圖模仿點描派之作品，?探索物質的本質，選用三原色為混色的原色，來觀察混色後對畫作的效果。研究中，以分析兩亮點之大小、距離與觀測距離的關係來設定點之尺寸，再進一步分析三原色點之觀測距離、比例及三原色點之佈點方式對混色效果之關係做為實驗主軸，並以瑞利準則判斷之。\r 希望藉由本實驗能以物理學的角度瞭解點描畫派之作品，同時，設法將點描畫數位化，並希望找出欣賞點描畫最佳情況，提供賞畫者最好的視覺享受。

環保新契機，節水節能，垃圾回收再利用，是政府政策和民眾努力的目標。學校午餐，提供當令水果，便宜又新鮮，含豐富維他命，幫助我們健康成長。餐後廚餘處理—果皮回收—廢物再利用，讓學習生活更有趣。利用天然漿液，作為廚房碗筷、器皿等的天然洗潔劑，既護手又無人工化學物質殘留，省錢又健康；整潔活動也嘗試用柳丁皮等漿液清潔教室地板、玻璃及廁所、馬桶、磁磚等，洗滌後，乾淨清香又明亮。更因為沖洗容易，減少帄日去除泡泡的困擾，省水又輕鬆；污水排放也降低界面活性劑的負面影響，健康又環保。尤其計算省下的水量，更叫人驚訝，對缺水的澎湖，可真是一項福音。這一舉數得的新嘗試，值得我們推廣運用。

本研究理念主要是以「物盡其用」為出發點。利用學校營養午餐每周兩次副餐的果皮廚餘製作成天然的清潔酵素，不僅能減廢尚能減少市售化學合成清潔劑的用量，以減輕環境污染及對人體之危害。實驗中，我們嘗試用柚子皮、香蕉皮、橘子皮各加上一定比例的黑糖和水，製成三種不同成分的「垃圾酵素」。在等待發酵的三個月中，我們在網路上搜尋到許多關於果皮酵素在生活上的功能，有除污、除霉、除油漬、液態肥料…等。我們期待環保酵素能取代市售化學合成清潔劑與化學肥料，經由實驗來確認網路資料之可信度並提出改善，期許對地球的環境盡一份心力。

學過三角形五心後，許多應用的問題很容易就可求出，以下有兩個問題，又應如何求解？ (一)有三戶人家住在山上，喝水都需下山挑水上山，現在想在這三戶人家所形成的三角形中挖一口井，要如何選擇開井的地點，使人們走到井的路程最短？ (二)為了使農村文化水準提高，平原區的四個農村準備合建一所中學，如果觀察這地區，發現A村有100個小學畢業生，B村有120個畢業生，C村有200個畢業生，D村有84個畢業生，要怎樣選擇地點建中學，使學生到學校所花的時間最少？ 在△ABC內求一點P，之值為最小，法國數學家費馬(P.Fermat, 1601~1665)曾向托里西里(E.Torricelli, 1608~1647)提出這一個問題，這△ABC內的P點稱作「費馬點」

Whe we think of chemistry experiments in schools from the view of environmental\r protection, microscopic chemistry experiment with reduced quantity and waste is\r the trend for experiments in the future. It is also the target that everybody shall\r aim for. After many failures and instructions from teachers, I finally successfully\r performed electrolysis of the most micro-volume of one-drop solution. It was also\r unbelievable to perform quantitative test within the electrolysis time of color\r disappear from the blue cupic sulfate solution. \r To clearly see the one-drop solution electrolysis, instrument starts from magnifier\r to self-assembled micro project, then upgraded to the miro-visual screen. It not\r only can record,also plays/shows in the computer. Most importantly, it is the most\r environmental protection effective and also zero pollution microsopic chemistry\r experiment. It is obviously a target of future development trend. \r 我們從環境保護的角度去思考常校的化學實驗時，減量減廢的微型化學實驗已是未來實驗的趨勢，也是大家應共同努力的目標。在多次失敗及老師的啟發下，我終於成功的做到電解最微量的一滴溶液。對於從藍色硫酸銅溶液顏色消失的電解時間裡，還可做定量的檢定感到不可思議！ \r 為了更清楚看到一滴溶液的電解情形，儀器的設計由放大鏡到自組顯微投影機，最後進階到顯微視訊的畫面，它不但可記錄下來，而且可在電腦中播放。最重要的是：最環保也最接近零污染的顯微化學實驗，已然是未來可發展下去的目標。

在化學課程第七章中，我們學到求化學式的實驗。課本上利用錢帶在坩堝中生成氧化鎂的反應，來求出氧和鎂的重量比，進而除上原子量求出氧化鎂(MgO) 的化學式。由課本上的敘述及計算好像很容易就能求出鎂和氧的原子數比絕對為 1 : 1，但事實上經過我們多次重覆的實驗，它們的比值較 1 : 1實在相差得太遠，令人難以相信氧化鎂的化學式即為MgO 。因此引起我們探討這個實驗的動機。是不是操作的技巧需要改進呢？鎂在高溫時是不是只和氧反應？難道和空氣中大量的氮一點反應都沒有嗎？有沒有改進比值誤差的方法呢？這些更激起我們濃厚的興趣！

為了兼顧節約能源與資源再利用的理念，我們決定朝「DIY 無電」自動餵魚器的方向努力。從無數次的設計與嘗試錯誤，我們最後利用兩組「竹鐘」的相互牽引，終於開發出第一代的無電自動餵魚器，但由於材料簡陋，使得每次「竹鐘」的「動作水量」非常不一致。因此，我們到水族店買了養魚專用的塑膠管，做成了「第二代」自動餵魚器。除了「動作水量」較穩定外，我們在高處架設小型水塔，並使用點滴專用的水流控制閥，控制水流量，但水塔的設置非常佔空間，且搬運十分不方便，於是我們作出了「第三代」自動餵魚器，讓「小水塔」能與自動餵魚器能結合在一起。目前雖然無法達到準確的定時定量餵魚，但已能達成一天餵 2~3 次，連續自動餵食五天的效果。

本次的研究目的是想要發現影響釀造蘋果酒的因素，結果發現加冰糖比例在25％時最佳，並且要以密封的方式，還要再加定量的酵母菌及營養劑以及適宜的溫度，才能得到理想的釀造過程與環境，使得酵母菌發酵力、發酵速率與產酒率及風味得到最好的結果。接下來再比較不同品種蘋果以及蘋果酒與其他三種水果酒的釀造結果的差異。最後在探討水果酒的日常生活應用時，發現水果酒除了飲用之外，還可以做成水果酒面膜，來增加臉上皮膚的保濕度，也可以做成水果酒肥皂來給小朋友們洗手，來對抗細菌及黴菌，更可以做成水果酒電池來代替一般市售的乾電池，成為最環保的新能源。所以小小的酵母菌對於人類真的是有莫大的幫助及貢獻。

溫差電池中若僅進行的反應，則其電池電壓與溫差成正比，且純粹是利用化學反應將熱能轉換成電能，我們稱之為「典型溫差電池」，由熱力學公式可推導出典型溫差電池的電動勢(ΔS = S(s)—S(aq)，S為絕對熵， n為得失電子數，1F = 96487 C )，且得到下列三項推論來說明溫差電池的特殊現象。 (1) 同一溫差電池，其電動勢與溫差成正比 (ε∝ ΔT)。(2) 不同的溫差電池，當溫差一定時，電壓ε 與ΔS 成正比，與得失電子數n 成反比。典型溫差電池中，電解液濃度越小，金屬離子濃度也愈小，會使得ΔS = (S(s)—S(aq))的絕對值變大，因此溫差電池的電壓也就愈大。(3) ΔS 值的正負決定電壓ε 的正負。Cu(NO3)2 及ZnSO4 溫差電池的ΔS 為正值，所以高溫杯為正極；AgNO3 溫差電池的ΔS 為負值，所以高溫杯為負極。因水溶液中陰、陽離子不能單獨存在，所以單一離子水溶液的絕對熵無法求得，但科學家把氫離子水溶液的標準絕對熵定為零，藉以求出其它離子的絕對熵，然而我們測得在一定溫差時典型溫差電池的電動勢ε，再查得金屬的標準絕對熵 S(s)，代入S(aq) = S(s) — nFε/ΔT，便可得到離子水溶液的絕對熵。Cu(NO3)2 溫差電池的電解液中若含有1M 或0.5M 的KNO3，電池電壓仍然與溫差成正比， 但卻可獲得較大的電流，我們稱此類溫差電池為「改良型溫差電池」。我們利用改良型溫差電池的原理，自製環保、節約能源、可重複使用的實用溫差電池，以PVC 水管當容器，上、下兩端開口用銅片封住當電極，管內裝海棉及0.125M Cu(NO3)與 1M KNO3 溶液，熱源加熱上層銅片形成溫差，當溫差維持在70℃，電壓約為70 mV，若串聯30 個實用溫差電池，電壓可達2 V 以上，就可以對鉛蓄電池充電。實用溫差電池的熱源可由回收冷氣機、工廠的廢熱，或直接利用太陽能來當熱源。 If the temperature difference cell only goes through the following reaction Then the potential created by the cell is proportional to the temperature difference, and such a reaction purely changes the thermal energy into electrical energy through chemical reaction, which we often name it “typical temperature difference cells”. We can come to the following formula for the typical temperature difference cells through a series of thermodynamic formula: ε= ΔT ． ΔS/ nF (ΔS = S(s)—S(aq), where S is the standard 3 entropy, and n is the number of electrons gained or lost, and 1F = 96487 C). We also provide the following three inferences to demonstrate the special phenomenon for the temperature difference cells: 1. Within the same temperature cell, the electromotive force (EMF) is proportional to the temperature difference. 2. When the temperature difference keeps constant, the electromotive force is proportional to the ΔS in different temperature cells, and is inversely proportional to the number of electrons gained or lost. Within the typical temperature difference cells, when the concentration of the electrolyte becomes more diluted, the concentration of the metal ions also proportionally become lower, which will make the absolute value of the following equation bigger, as a result, will make the electric potential of the temperature difference cells bigger: ΔS = (S(s)—S(aq)) 3. The value of ΔS decides the value of the electromotive force. The ΔS of the following temperature difference cells is positive value: Cu(NO3)2 and ZnSO4 . As a result, within the copper and zinc temperature difference cells, the higher temperature glass is the anode. On the other hand, the ΔS of the AgNO3 temperature difference cell is negative, which means that within the silver temperature difference cell, the higher temperature glass is the cathode. Meanwhile, because the cations and anions can not exist alone, therefore, it is not possible to find the standard entropy of the single ion solution. However, scientists define the standard entropy of the solution containing hydrogen ion to be zero, as a result, we only have to determine the electromotive force for a typical temperature difference cell, while keeping the temperature difference constant, followed by finding the standard entropy for the said metal S(s). Inserting it into the following equation to find the standard entropy for the ion solution. S(aq) = S(s) — nFε/ΔT If the electrolytes for the Cu(NO3)2 temperature difference cell contains 1M or 0.5M KNO3 , the electromotive force is still proportional to the temperature difference, and we can obtain bigger electric current. We call this kind of temperature difference cells “improved version of the typical temperature difference cells”. We try to make more environmental, energy saving, and recyclable temperature difference cell by applying the theory of the improved version of the typical temperature difference cells. We use PVC water pipe as the containers, both edges of the pipe sealed with copper metals, also work as the electrodes. Within the pipe filled with sponge and 0.125M Cu(NO3) and 1M KNO3 solution. The heat source keeps heating the upper copper metal to keep constant temperature difference. When the temperature difference is kept around 70℃, the electric potential is 70 mV. If we can connect 30 practical temperature difference cells in a series, the electric potential will reach 2V, which can then charge the lead rechargeable battery. The heat sources of the practical temperature difference cells can be supplied by the recycled air conditioners, heat waste from a factory, or directly comes from the solar power.