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我們這個作品是先由在長方形中切割出正方形的研究著手,先研究出在平面中,在一個邊長為任意正整數的長方形中,如何找到在其中切割出正方形,但正方形的邊長為最大,而且正方形的個數為最少的方法和規則。 緊接著,我們更進一步想研究這個問題在長方體中的研究:在長方體三邊長a、b、c(a、b、c均為正整數)中,如何在其中切割出正立方體,每次切割出邊長為最大的正立方體,而且正方體的個數為最少的方法和規則。 This study began with investigation of how to segment squares from a rectangle. We studied from a rectangle, with random positive integer sides, trying to figure out the methods and regulations to segments squares with the longest side length but the fewest number of squares within. Moreover, we took further step to examine a cuboid. We found out the methods and regulations to segment cubes with longest side length but fewest number of cubes from a cuboid with sides a, b, and c(a ,b ,c are positive integers).
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針對現行石材養護業界以「物理性研磨」工法施工,耗時且不易取得高光澤之窘況,以「化學機械研磨法」為改善的策略,發展適合花崗石高光澤拋光用之拋光粉,研究過程: 1. 自石材文獻、石材養護藥劑資料安全表等資料,找出可能成份因子,分別進行研究及實驗。 2.自十一個可能成份因子撷取七個要因(factor)成分。 3.經由實驗找出最佳的花崗石物化性拋光組合配方。 本配方經實地驗證印度黑花崗石(富含SiO270%以上)拋光,拋出90度以上光澤所耗費時間僅為傳統工法的1/12,加施做晶化劑1分鐘內即可將光澤達到100度上下,施作平臺由上噸機臺可減輕至數十斤之手執研磨機。
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本作品是一個結合車聯網的車內的安全裝置,裝置會在引擎熄火且車門上鎖時,監測車內溫度、二氧化碳濃度,當超過安全值時,會發出警報、搖下車窗,並傳送緊急訊息通知車主,以利救援車內人員。 本作品能藉由網際網路與車主行動裝置連結,車主不只能透過行動裝置查看車內各項數值,車主也可以透過行動裝置控制車窗,未來更能與車商配合,整合至汽車嵌入式電腦,便可以實現更多功能。 汽車的發展為人類帶來了便捷的交通,但是多數人注重駕駛中的安全性,卻疏忽了熄火後車內的安全,每年都會有人在車內缺氧或熱衰竭而喪命,為了防止這樣的不幸再發生,而投入車內主動安全系統。
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Improving Spinal Fusions: Redesigning the Pedicle Probe to Prevent Vertebral Breaches
Pedicle probes are medical devices used by surgeons during spinal fusions for patients with conditions such as scoliosis and spinal fractures. The probe creates pilot holes to guide the placement of pedicle screws in vertebrae. The screws are then connected with a metal rod to stabilize the spine. Twenty-nine percent of patients who undergo spinal fusions suffer from vertebral breaches – accidental damage to the spinal cord – which cause complications such as infection, motor defects, and in many cases paralysis. My goal was to make spinal fusions safer by redesigning the pedicle probe to provide surgeons with instantaneous feedback on the probe’s location, enabling them to more accurately place pedicle screws. The pedicle probe I developed takes advantage of the difference in density between the inner cancellous (spongy) bone and the outer cortical (compact) bone found in vertebrae. Cortical bone is avoided by monitoring the cannulation force – the force required to insert the probe. When the probe contacts denser cortical tissue, it warns the user by providing tactile and visual feedback through a vibration motor and an LED. This enables the surgeon to redirect the probe and advance down the optimum path, preventing a possible breach. It proved successful in preventing breaches on lamb vertebrae, which closely resemble human vertebrae. This novel device improves feedback to the surgeon and eliminates the need for costly and potentially harmful ionizing radiation exposure. Furthermore, it does not depend on, or require, any preoperative imaging. The cost of manufacturing the improved probe is less than $42 USD (NT$1297). Results of patent searches for 加拿大, the 美國, and Europe suggest that the redesigned probe is unique in predicting and preventing breaches in spinal fusions based on predetermined force threshold values. The probe is also unique in enabling personalized procedures in spinal fusions for those with complications, through calibrating a control (force) limit based on tissue samples prior to the procedure. Enhancing a surgeon’s ability to determine an appropriate path for pedicle screws through a sensor-enabled probe has the potential to significantly reduce the incidence of vertebral breaches during spinal fusion surgery.
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神秘的水中殺手~探討瀑布區深潭中水流活動的情形
本研究藉由學生對瀑布的好奇,透過實驗了解瀑布區深潭中的水流活動,提出在瀑布區進行水域活動較佳的建議。 實驗探究發現:水流量、瀑布高度、潭水深度、潭面下石頭位置及石頭量、潭底地形都會影響瀑布深潭的水流活動。發現水流量越大、瀑布高度越高、水深較淺、石頭位置越靠近水流沖擊的地方、石頭量越多及深潭底部有凹陷地形時,漩渦的出現是較明顯的。透過氣泡及綠豆顆粒的觀察,還可明顯看到上下來回捲動的水流也會較強烈。 最後透過浮體物的觀測發現這股強大的上下來回捲動的水流有一股流向往前的力量,而且不會一直維持力量很大,有時會比較強有時比較弱。因此,人們如果不幸陷在其中,可以等待水流較弱時再迅速奮力一游,離開危險的區域。
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What would you do?——以捷運實地實驗探討旁觀者的助人行為
本研究透過實地實驗的方式,旨在針對旁觀者表現的助人行為作探討。研究者於台北捷運站分別扮演強勢者、弱勢者以及普通人的角色,並且讓強勢者表現違反社會常規的行為(欺凌弱勢者),從旁紀錄當以上三者分別需要幫助時,旁觀者表現的幫助比率,進一步分析其中的差異。實驗結果主要顯示以下三點: (一) 幫助率普遍皆低於50% (二) 對照組的普通人獲得的幫助率明顯高於另外兩者 (三) 強勢者獲得的幫助率高於弱勢者 由此推知在類似情況下,弱勢的形像反而會降低旁觀者的幫助意願。因此我們分別從事件本身、旁觀者本身、社會因素、服從權威現象等面向分析此結果,並佐以過去的相關實驗及文本資料,以期獲得現今大眾普遍表現的助人行為及背後的影響因素。
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逆境入侵!有請細胞壁─探討PME基因At3g49220功能缺失對阿拉伯芥適應逆境與激素之影響
PME(pectin methyl esterase)果膠甲基酯?是維持植物細胞壁結構的重要酵素,可藉由分解果膠來調控鈣離子進出,間接影響細胞壁的完整性。本實驗選擇在實驗室中被篩出對熱逆境敏感的突變種,以NaCl、ABA、GA加入培養基,探討不同濃度下,突變種與wt根生長量的差異;另一方面,我們也用RT-PCR看逆境與激素對此基因RNA量的影響。實驗發現在NaCl逆境裡,此基因RNA表現量下降,但在ABA中卻呈現上升的趨勢。根長實驗部份,098874c的種子在NaCl與GA的環境下,有差異大於wt約10%的情形。而859540的種子在ABA環境內,其生長情形比wt好,在GA處理下則較差,此部份差異也都達10%。RT-PCR兩種處理的結果符合根長實驗呈相反趨勢。所以At3G49220基因對植物生長確實有影響,但在鹽逆境、ABA、GA環境下影響不似在熱逆境下顯著。
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學習目標行為的機器學習系統──以獎勵回饋去蕪存菁修剪人工神經元
本研究利用回饋機制修剪人工神經元的方式,可在較短時間內達到較高的目標行為學習正確次數。這樣的系統設計源於生物行為的啟發,因為回饋機制能直接影響決策中樞的神經元,而非只是影響動作本身, 在達成目標學習上會更直接、快速。以傳統強化學習 (Reinforcement Learning)系統為例,本研究模擬結果顯示,若回饋機制影響動作本身,目標達成正確率只有 19.14%。而若獎勵回饋到神經元的修剪上,則相較強化學習提高超過 2 倍的正確率。甚至,隨機修剪神經元也可相較強化學習提高 1 倍的正確率。顯然地,本系統能確實提高正確次數並縮短目標達成時程。利用回饋機制修剪人工神經元,可為強化學習在目標學習上遇到的困境,提供一個新的思考方向,實務應用上,可彌補強化學習在學習行為上無法一般化的缺點。
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全球暖化造成氣溫逐年升高,又造成熱島效應使內外溫度差不多,夏天時熱到受不了,冬天又不像冬天,長時間都需要開冷氣,這樣一來治根不治本,反而造成了更嚴重的地球暖化,再來就是牆壁使用年限快到期就會開始剝落,這些外牆不但不美觀,掉落的碎屑還有可能造成砸傷的意外,所以,我們決定拿這些要丟棄的棉花,二度利用,達到循環經濟成效,探討其隔熱及黏著力效果。
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The Study of the Relationship between Global Warming and Acid Rain
The purpose of this project are 1)To study the relationship between global warming and acid rain with chemical model and mathematics model from temperature changing and pH of carbonic acid. 2) To create a pH measurement tool of carbonic acid in gaseous state.3) To study the impact of human activities in Loei province that affect to the relationship between global warming and acid rain. The procedures are 1)Do an experiment for studying the relationship between temperature changing and pH of carbonic acid. 2) Proof the mathematics model by using the result of experiment, the chemical reaction equation of carbonic acid solution. 3)Create a pH measurement tool of Carbonic acid by using Arduino and sensor with new formula in the computer program. 4) Using a pH measurement tool of Carbonic acid for studying impact of human activities in Loei province including industrial area, agricultural area, tourism area and forest area. The result of the mathematical model of the relationship between temperature changing and pH of carbonic acid is in form of Cubic equation in Equilibrium state and STP state. (Standard condition for Temperature and Pressure) So, we found that in this state has pH of carbonic acid is about 5.644. When the temperature rises up the effect of rainfall has a lower pH of carbonic acid solution. We also proof the new formula that create a pH measurement tool of Carbonic acid in gaseous state. The impact of human activities in Loei province found that the areas most affected by acid rain are the industrial areas, agricultural areas, tourism areas and forest areas respectively. In conclusion, when the temperature rises, it will dissolve acid solutions in the water on the earth. The loss of [H+] made the pH increases and the greenhouse gases become more atmospheric. These gases are more likely to react with atmospheric vapor. When these vapor form a cloud and condensation falls as rain, the rainfall has a lower pH, that is, global warming can result in the phenomenon of acid rain is greater.
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生活中,常能看見美麗的彩光,除了偶然的巧遇外,藉由光碟、鏡子、防偽貼紙等簡單的材料及適當光源的配合,也能製造出彩光。利用不同顆粒大小的玻璃砂來模擬自然界中的小水滴,能夠產生霧虹及彩虹。布洛肯彩光第三代實驗環境下,證實可以在物距1m,燈距5、7.5、10、20m及物距2m、燈距10m,跟物距5m、燈距20m的條件下,以照相機模擬觀察者的眼睛,可以產生布洛肯彩光。研究結果可以破除人們對於布洛肯彩光的疑惑跟恐懼,使大家更加瞭解光和小水滴,所造成精彩、有趣的現象。 未來在特殊場景、都市美化及光線相關教學或是藝術創作的展現技巧方面,可利用第三代實驗環境方式,利用簡單的器材,就能營造出特別的光線變化,也兼具環保效益。
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欲罷不能是一款與機率性質相關的桌遊,結合骰子的進行來完成遊戲,我們藉由遊戲體驗去發現到欲罷不能的問題,並設計實驗來尋求問題的解答,一步一步發現欲罷不能的小秘密。 從研究一、二的探討中,找出原規則各式各樣的機率情形,發現到與7越有關係的機率越大,而與2或12越相近的機率越小。但也在研究三中發現雖然7的機率最高,但若加上遊戲本身設定的方格數來闖關,所有數字機率都差不多。我們也在研究四、五的部分,將遊戲做兩種延伸(加入乘除、骰子面數),增加遊戲樂趣,也調整遊戲的難易度。也在研究六時進行策略分析,依據情況擬出該前進該停手的策略。最後,運用上述研究資料,設計Scratch版的「欲罷不能」桌遊。
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