Climate is the average weather in a place over a long period. The changes in climate may be due to natural forces or from human activities. There is growing concern among the scientific community regarding climate change. Biodiversity, forest, monsoons, weather are now at risk due to climate change. Today climate change is happening at an increasing rapid rate. One of the causes is deforestation. Firewood collection in one of the major means the felling of trees. Excessive emission of CO2 by burning, which is a green house gas, responsible for increasing the temperature and causing drastic climate change. Hence, to know the impact of firewood collection in drastic climate change we have undertaken a project entitled, “Impact of firewood collection on weather and climate of Jirdin village.”

A projectile refers to any body that is thrown in space and falls under the influence of gravity and the motion of such a body is called projectile motion. In this context we will ignore the effects of air resistance to make calculations easier. Through the usage of trigonometric ratios and vectors it is possible to accurately predict the position of a body after a certain time, the maximum height attained by it and the horizontal distance it covers from the point of projection. Horizontal displacement or range of a projectile is the main index of performance in many cases of projectile motion. If air resistance is negligible, there is no net force in the horizontal direction (ΣF = 0; ax = 0) Through this topic we aim to explain the science behind the performed actions and movements in sports such as Golf, Football, Basketball and Javelin throw. Factors Affecting Distance traveled by a projectile: 1. Relative height of release 2. Speed of Release 3. Angle of release Projectile Motion: Theory v/s reality Theoretically optimal angle is about 45° however taking air resistance into consideration the angle reduces to about 42°. Long jumpers use angles of 17-23°. This is because when traveling at ~10 m/s, there is not enough time to generate a large takeoff angle. The game of Golf is based on the trajectory followed by the golf ball as it moves through the air and in this sport we have addressed issues such as the required club face angle and swing speed for the ball to go in the hole. For instance if we have a ten degree driver it will carry the ball lower than a 60 degree wedge and hence it can be deduced from the above statement that a greater angle of the club face launches the ball at a greater angle. Effects of Air resistance can be very large in case of golf. Therefore, the golf ball has dimples on its surface to negate the effect of air resistance. To depict the application of projectile motion in football, we have shot a video on our school’s football field showing the trajectory followed by a football and have addressed issues like horizontal and vertical velocity required depending on the nature of the kick. In the sport of Basketball we shot a video showing a student shooting a 3 pointer. Furthermore with the help of charts, we have calculated the velocity required for a basketball to go inside the hoop at different angles of projection such as 30, 45 and 60 degree. Finally we have included a question to determine whether a ball hit by Sachin Tendulkar will be a six or not using kinematical equations as well as equations related to projectile motion. Hence by shedding light on this wonderful topic we attempt to reveal how an athlete’s brain functions and through years and years of practice and hardwork he is able to accurately predict distances and achieve his goals.

我們實驗的靈感是來自洋紫荊的豆莢，藉著已學過的種子萌發與幼苗生長的資訊，我們想要來探究在固定環境下種子在豆莢內分布對種子萌發的影響，有可能就好比輸水的配給方式，水分或養分的吸收而有所不同；我們先設計實驗，測出對於種子萌發最好的環境，再分別種植大量的種子，紀錄並比較前、中、後不同分布位置種子的萌發情形；因為在類似水廠配給下，就推測在較接近豆莢蒂頭部份的種子會較容易萌發。

本專題嘗試以低廉成本以及節省能源的方式，利用簡單的滑輪組、齒輪組的設計與製作，期望能將機械手的製造，變的更加簡易。從設計圖繪製、材料蒐集、零組件製作、安裝零組件到實驗設計、數據紀錄分析、優缺點比較，控制器轉盤製作、麵包板電路設計及連接皆由小組成員集思廣益，嘗試錯誤與學習，親自實做出科展成品。我們利用文獻上尚未見過的、自己設計的「線材-馬達牽引」方式，取代傳統的四連桿、油壓桿驅動方式，製作出創新的機械手。本小組不但製作「功能測試版機械手」測試機械手的各項基本功能、比較材質或動力的優劣，更根據區域科展時教授給的建議及批評，對於部分細節進行改良，我們自行設計規格化的零件、底板，也與老師共同研發出迎合實務需求的「應用版機械手」的兩種新控制方式：圓盤自動控制系統及麵包板 IC 電路互動系統。以偏向自動化的控制方式，避免線路複雜、整理費工、人為操控不精準的種種問題及缺點，拉進與「以機械手取代人工」這個夢想的距離。

我們這次實驗的蝴蝶是大白斑蝶，這是台灣斑蝶類中最大型的種類，翅膀白底上有點點黑斑。色彩不鮮豔，翅膀形狀又很平凡，牠有數一數二的個體生態美。大白斑蝶在本區數量相當多，一年四季都可以看到牠們緩慢飛行，不怕人接近，而且翅膀廣大，便可以讓學生近距離欣賞，牠們能夠輕易的展開飛行，也能在高空平放翅膀，就像滑翔機在天空漂浮迴轉，看到花就迫不及待的衝下來吸花蜜，敏捷的小朋友可以趁機伸手摸他，因此當地人都稱牠〝大傻瓜蝶〞只分佈在台灣南北端及蘭嶼、綠島。

消費者對於公益商品的訂價看法為何？利他行為會不會有價差？本研究採取隨機分派之問卷研究法，調查板橋車站內受試者所認為的合理公益餅乾售價。問卷分為兩個模組，分別為公益餅乾與非公益餅乾，消費者填答自己所認為的合理價格，並同時填寫性別、年齡、教育程度等等基本資料。 研究者將600份問卷排除遺漏值後，以584份數據資料進行迴歸分析。分析結果指出，年齡介於21到30歲之間的青年，最不願意為公益理念付出金錢，同時，教育程度越高以及感情狀態處於單身者也不願意為公益理念付出價差，而整體來說，受試者公益與非公益模組間的價差大約為平均價格的百分之十。研究者對此四項主要發現進行推論與探討，並期望日後有更多相關方面的研究。

This study demonstrates that microbial film power generation is a potentially viable source of alternative energy. This research occurred over a period of two years. In the first year (2016) I tested a new method of generating renewable energy, referred to as microbial film power generation. I showed that electricity could be captured from microbial decomposition using solid graphite plates (29cm x 20cm) placed in lightly decomposed muskeg (collected in northern British Columbia). In the second year (2017) the purpose was to increase the power output of the fuel cell, while also compacting the setup. Certain changes were made to the experimental set up, namely the use of spongy graphite felt in place of solid graphite plates, thus providing a larger surface area for microbial activity to occur. The new fuel cells made produced about twice as much power. Not only was the power output greater, but it was produced from a much smaller area: 7.82 mWh/cm2 on graphite felt, compared to 0.21 mWh/cm2 on graphite plates. In other words, graphite felt produced 37 times more power per unit area than graphite plates. Furthermore, it would appear that by removing the load from the fuel cell for approximately 24 hours, the fuel cell could essentially recharge. This may be due to microbial activity releasing more electrons onto the anode permitting a new cycle to take place. This would suggest that the system could naturally recharge itself.

學生根據自己參加環保小尖兵的研習活動中，所學習到的知識並利用學校廚房中的廢油製造改良式的環保肥皂（如下圖一），本次的作品除了一般的肥皂之外，另外還加上天然的水果皮，如柳丁、檸檬及橘子，做成水果香味的香皂；加上米糠及苦茶粉做成的肥皂，這些肥皂主要是作於油膩物品的洗滌；有加上甲酸做成的消毒肥皂；有液體狀的肥皂膏；有肥皂粉末，也有加上自然香精做成用於清洗臉手皮膚的高級香精香皂。在這過程中，了解到廢物利用、理論的應用及推廣，如同美國教育學者杜威（Dewey）所說的做中學（Learning by doing.），因此環保肥皂除了在學校作為清洗廚房油膩的抹布及洗手台的肥皂外，更是分送學生家長及社區的禮物。

將一副撲克牌中任意取出四張牌，以牌面數字為準，Ａ代表１、２代表２、3代表3．．．Ｊ代表１１、Ｑ代表１２、Ｋ代表１３。以得到的四個數字任意排列作四則運算（加減乘除），不限定運算符號之運用次數，但每個數字僅能使用一次，以此來求出２４。以系統的方法嘗試找出２４點所有的組合，並尋求其規律，為我們的研究的主要目標。

(一)理化第三冊提到英國科學家法拉第發現：當線圈周圍的磁場有了變化時，線圈就會產生感應電流，之後理化老師又說：「一個金屬板也會有相同的現象，產生感應電流及焦耳熱效應，謂之渦流熱」。頓時好奇的我們隨即閃過一個念頭：金屬板之自由電荷，因為磁場的變化，可以被推動而產生電流，那麼電解質中的自由正負帶電離子，應該和金屬板中的自由電荷一樣，也可以因為磁場的變化，而產生 『 離子感應電流 』 (我們的稱呼)。 (二)當我們把這個推論告訴理化老師，之後老師以引導方式告訴我們：電解質中的正負離子，是否可以因磁場變化被推動形成 『 離子感應電流 』 必項藉由實驗來得知，但是老師告訴我們，基礎觀念最重要，所以若要作研究，聶好由「平面金屬板」先做一系列相關實驗研究，再來架構我們的「離子感應電流」，會比較具備完整性。

原始問題：設P為正方形ABCD內部一點，且P到A、B、C的距離分別為1、2、3，試求正方形的面積。利用三角函數的和差角公式即可解出此題，我們想了解的是：若到三頂點的距離改變，正方形是否仍存在？我們先將問題簡化，將最短距離設為1，則距離變數將只剩下二個，再考慮只有兩種距離的情況，我們簡化問題至一個變數，利用平面旋轉變換，及Geogebra作圖猜測結果，成功利用作圖完成存在性證明。將此作法再推廣至三種距離的情況，並思考其他相關的四邊形：菱形、矩形、平行四邊形，發現皆能用旋轉伸縮變換處理。

本研究以草莓最為嚴重的蟲害——二點葉螨(Tetranychus urticae)為研究對象，發展高效率的非農藥防治法。二點葉螨對大部分藥劑已經具抗藥性，而且繁衍快速，台灣高經濟作物身受其害，所以發展非農藥防治法刻不容緩。 本文實驗概念源自何大一博士「雞尾酒療法」。以數種非農藥資材窄域油、木醋液、皂液、印楝素並調整稀釋液溫度組合試驗，除了各個資材產生協力作用，提高效力，而且可延緩抗藥性產生。 以往二點葉螨研究係以豆類等(非草莓)為寄主植物，不同植物品種，二點葉螨生命週期顯著不同。因此本實驗自行培養無病蟲害草莓植株，實驗結果在草莓二點葉螨防治上相對精準。