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端午節的時候,媽媽把一大把的白色紛末,放入糯米包的粽子中,煮出來的粽子,不但色澤黃裡透亮,而且又 Q又好吃。當天下午媽媽又用湯匙裝了一小匙,放入魷魚盆中浸泡魷魚,沒出來的魷魚不但魚體變得很大,而且煮出來的魷魚,又脆又 Q,我覺得好奇妙囉!這粉末是什麼呢?這塵神奇!它下到食物裡,我們吃了是否有害呢?我就去問老師,老師說它叫硼砂,吃下身體後,是否阻礙生長,危害健康?我們一起來研究吧!
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因為操場地面不是水平面,我們利用以前學過的「連通管原理」的應用,設計製作一架「測試平台」,達到測試台的水平效果;又因為用黏土固定的竿子(鉛筆)是否垂直?我們想出「利用一對三角板互相靠在一起」,達到測試竿的垂直效果;自然課本裡「用拉棉線」的方式,來測量太陽高度角的方法,我們發現用力大小會影響高度角的準確度(因為竿子會歪斜),於是又想出「兩直線相交-對頂角相等的原理」的應用,不但利用廢物製作出操作簡單、準確度較高的「太陽高度角測量器」,並在校園裡設立「太陽高度角觀測站」,以利全校師生觀測分享。
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去年以九方格加法的研究,作品參加全國科展比賽,蒙評審的嘉許鼓勵,我們除了高興所付出的辛苦,獲得了肯定,也更堅定我們由興趣投入研究的信念。現在把加法研究的部分結論摘錄如下: (一)凡具有特定規則排列的整數,就可用來填入九方格,使每直、橫、斜的和相等。 (二)排九方格有八種型式,是按左旋(右旋),互換的規律。 (三)每直、橫、斜的和是中數的 3 倍,與中數所成之線去掉中數之和,必為中數的 2 倍。 一年來我們持續著加法研究的結論,不斷的研究、探討,進一步的發現,九方格既然可以用加的,使直、橫、斜的和相同,那麼是否也有乘法的關係,能使各直、橫、斜的積相同呢?減法及除法是否也能應用於九方格遊戲中呢?這些有趣的問題,都是我們很想去瞭解的。
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王老先生有一塊五邊形的地,他想要建一道水泥牆將該地等分成兩塊,一塊蓋鴨寮,另一塊蓋豬舍,他希望水泥牆的材料最省,這道水泥牆應如何構築?有一四邊形的湖,其四周均勻地住3人,今欲築一座橋將該湖邊的人口平分成二等分,這座橋的最經濟路徑在哪堙H這些都是我們經常會碰到的問題,我們將利用解析幾何的方法,逐步地由三角形、四邊形一直處理到n多邊形有關等分面積與周長的問題。
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我們的研究地點牛稠內是屬於新化丘陵的一部分,地方不大但隱藏著許多古環境的許多秘密。在研究中,我們有以下幾點發現:1. 牛稠內扇貝化石的分佈範圍在本地非常集中而且產狀具有相當規模,砂岩層上的扇貝化石完整度高且保存良好。2. 本地扇貝化石於砂岩層密集度高,但破碎度則在表土層及泥岩層較高。3. 扇貝的大量死亡成化石主要是環境的改變,而我們推想本地砂岩層變化為泥岩層可能是造成生存環境遭破壞的原因之ㄧ。4. 本地扇貝化石經GPS 定位,是往南延伸而非往西延伸,與六甲水流東產狀的單一性不太相同。5. 經簡單數學面積公式及台灣河流剝蝕率,大概可以知道未來會發生什麼事。牛稠內古環境,我們有很多的發現及疑惑,可再進行後續研究。
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升上了四年級,我們的自然課愈來愈多彩多姿,第一個單元的水中植物深深的吸引了我們的目光,看到各種植物在水中浮沉,我們也想縮小自己,坐在小萍上面做白日夢,或者在布袋蓮裡躲貓貓,偷得浮生半日閒,該是多麼愜意的事呀!\r 眾多水中植物中,看起來最神奇的就是槐葉蘋了,它就像個自由自在的浮艇,將自己的安全氣囊成串的綁在一起,還有向下延伸的長鬍子,就像許多水中的探測器,正無時無刻不在探求水中的秘密。所以我們就在此先探求它的秘密吧!
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科展作品檢索
杜鵑的陷阱-探討藏伏杜鵑花苞片上的黏液
《杜鵑的陷阱》主要探究杜鵑花苞片上神秘的液態物―黏液。整個過程由其它植物的苞片觀察出發,佐證了杜鵑花苞片的特殊之處,並沿途探討杜鵑花苞片的變化、苞片產生黏液的目的與對該黏液的幾項檢驗。而終點到時,研究者持以欽佩的態度,讚嘆大自然對杜鵑花苞片所施予的神奇轉換。苞片的存在,造就美麗的花朵。
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科展作品檢索
抽絲剝繭的新世代嫘祖—棉花糖機的製作及棉花糖潮解探討
在經歷自製十代棉花糖機的過程後,我們將孔徑2mm、洞數192個、孔洞呈螺旋排列的轉盤(放糖容器)組裝在轉速8000 rpm馬達上,然後以酒精燈提供將糖融化的熱源,接著拿起長竹籤收集糖紗,成功自製棉花糖,完成一部組裝簡單、製作量多的棉花糖機。 以各種糖品做成棉花糖時,硬糖方面建議用以檸檬糖為原料做出的棉花糖最快做好。若將白砂糖加上葡萄糖漿、奶油、油(細水柱狀)、油(噴霧狀)融在一起能做出延緩潮解時間的棉花糖,其中又以在棉花糖外噴上微量油霧,能有效隔離外層水氣,效果最好。
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A New Generation Colorimetric Method for Lead Analysis: APTAMER MODIFIED GOLD NANOPARTICLES
Lead is a toxic element which is used in the production of chemicals, dyes, accumulators and various industrial areas. It may cause complications even extended to death when it is taken consistently in high amounts. Lead poisoning is in the first place among the occupational diseases. It is gaining importance to develop new and sensitive methods for lead analysis. Because lead poisoning can progress without any symptoms and poisoning level (10µg/dL) is low. Disadvantages of the systems used for lead analysis are such as longer detection time, being expensive and difficult to implement. The aim of this project is to develop a new generation method in order to detect lead in blood, based on aptamer modified gold nanoparticles. We detected the lead in terms of color change obtained in gold nanoparticle solutions, with composite biochemosensor that is prepared with 20 & 80 nm sized gold nanoparticles and TBA(Thrombin Binding Aptamer). While immobilizing TBA to the gold nanoparticles, we benefitted from the magnificent surface affinity of the –SH (Thiol) groups that modified to the TBA. Gold nanoparticles that are used in development of our biotechnological method do not stimulate the immune system. The preparation of aptamers in completely sterile medium provides us to use our system in the lead detection of blood. Our method can also be used in the lead detection of mediums such as waste water, food and soil. We have developed a biochemosensor that can be used to detect the presence and absence of Pb2+ by taking into consideration the toxic effect in the human body. Also we detected the presence of lead colorimetrically, in low concentration levels and wide interval values of 4.4 – 11 µg/dL. The developed system is first that; it provides TBA to be used with its complimentary sequence detects the presence of lead colorimetrically and can be used in physiological media such as blood. Also our system can detect lead in amounts that are lower than the poisoning threshold.
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A Novel Spectroscopic-Chemical Sensor Using Photonic Crystals
Detection of harmful chemicals used in industrial complexes is crucial in order to create a safer environment for the workers. Presently, most chemical detectors used in workplaces are expensive, inefficient, and cumbersome. In order to address these deficiencies, a novel sensor was fabricated to produce a unique spectroscopic fingerprint for various toxic chemicals. The sensor was fabricated by depositing several layers of silica spheres (diameter ~250 nm) on a glass substrate using evaporation-based self assembly. As the spheres assemble to form a photonic crystal, they also create void (i.e., air) spaces in between them. Once the spheres assemble as a photonic crystal, a spectrometer was used to monitor the reflectivity. The spectrum had a high reflectivity at a specific wavelength, which is governed by the average index of refraction between the spheres and the void spaces. As a foreign chemical infiltrates into the photonic crystal, it occupies the void space, which results in an increase of the average index of refraction of the structure. Consequently, the peak wavelength of the reflectivity spectrum red-shifts, which then confirms the presence of a foreign substance. While the as-grown photonic crystal is able to detect chemicals, it is unable to differentiate between chemicals that have similar indices of refraction, such as ethanol and methanol. In order to detect chemicals with similar indices of refraction, five pieces of a single photonic crystal (i.e. five pixel device) were exposed to different silanes, which changed the surface chemistry of the silica spheres in the photonic crystal. In turn, the five pixel device was able to produce a unique chemical fingerprint for several chemicals, which can be calibrated to detect toxins in the workplace.
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衛生署為防止禽流感疫情擴散,大肆撲殺病禽,造成業者重大的損失。因此,我們希望能使用安全又有效的方式來驅趕鳥兒,減少家禽接觸野鳥的風險。 我們先調查目前驅趕鳥的方法,瞭解傳統稻草人的驅鳥效果不佳,於是進行稻草人的改良研究,讓稻草人「活動」起來。本實驗探討在不同條件下影響鳥類取食的各種因素,最後製作「搖滾超人」,並且改進它的缺點。改良後的「行動搖滾超人」鳥類取食量明顯減少了,對驅逐鳥類有很大的幫助。 我們改良「搖滾超人」驅趕在禽舍附近取食的鳥兒,減少家禽和鳥兒接觸的機會;並且運用「搖滾超人」來驅離住家陽台的鴿子和鐵窗上的鳥群,防止鳥糞污染,影響我們的健康,驅鳥效果都能大大提升。
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要怎樣才可以使盪鞦韆越盪越高?本研究將單擺在擺盪過程以拉、放線的方式模擬人在盪鞦韆時重心的改變,發現在最低點時拉線將重心提高,最高點時放線讓重心放低,單擺可以越盪越高。分別測量在固定角度變化下:(1)不同擺長 (2)不同拉線長度 (3)不同初始角度。結果發現:(1)擺長越長,所需拉放線次數越多 (2)拉線長度越長,所需拉放線次數減少 (3)初始角度越大,所需拉放線次數越少。實驗裝置原以齒輪變速進行拉放線,因不夠精確,改採以馬達帶動長桿進行拉放線。同時用C++語言算出每次擺盪的角度,求出15°上升至30°所需的次數與實驗極為接近。最後將理論搭配實驗數值,以程式寫出盪鞦韆動畫,可清楚呈現正確的盪鞦韆方式。
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