有一天上自然課 \r 嘉佟：嘿！均惟，你看筷子在水中斷成兩截耶！ \r 均惟：本來就會了！連這個都大驚小怪。 \r 嘉佟：那水池中的魚不好抓！原因與「筷子」有關係嗎？ \r 均惟：一定是！就是老師剛才上課教的「折射」嘛！ \r 嘉佟：好！嗯??？？？那瓶中的硬幣不管在任何情況下都是站這麼遠才看不見的嗎？ \r 均惟：咦！這和「水深」有關嗎？咱們問老師！說不一定有什麼大發現！ \r 老師：如果你們對這個問題真有興趣，我們何不來研究，研究！ \r （於是我們便利用課餘的時間，展開一連串的探究與實驗。） \r \r \r

sgk 是影響記憶形成的關鍵基因，而長期增益作用(LTP)是長期記憶的重要電生理模式。因此，我希望能證明以下推論：引發老鼠的長期增益作用應該會導致老鼠海馬迴的 sgk mRNA表現量增加。實驗過程分為兩部分：(一)引發老鼠的 LTP，並將老鼠分成三組觀察紀錄引發LTP 前、引發 LTP 後十分鐘、引發 LTP 後三小時的膜電位變化。(二) 以 real-time PCR 的方式比較三組老鼠海馬迴中的 sgk mRNA 表現量。實驗結果發現引發老鼠產生 LTP 後會使其膜電位反應明顯增加，並可持續長達三小時之久。而引發產生 LTP 後三小時的老鼠海馬迴區域中的 sgk mRNA 含量相較於對照組（baseline）老鼠有顯著增加的現象，驗證了前述實驗推論。本實驗成功的以電生理模式證明了 sgk 是影響長期記憶形成的關鍵基因。

浩浩蒼蒼的大千世界中，除了人眼所及的巨觀事物外，存在微小尺度底下的世界，更令人嘆為觀止。而顯微鏡的發明，正可滿足人類對微小事物的好奇心。然而，顯微鏡只能受限單人操作及觀察，本研究小組製作一台輔助顯微鏡的投影機，以彌補上述之缺點。整個研究目的是製作一台顯微投影機，並藉由顯微鏡上不同倍率的物鏡及不同焦距之投射透鏡的互相搭配，以達到不同的放大效果。此外，更可利用透鏡的整體放大倍率，以及光屏上的影像大小，反推實際物體的大小。研究過程主要是測量物鏡的物距及像距〈p1、q1〉，以及投射透鏡之物距和像距〈p2、q2〉，且測量光屏上的影像大小，再依據薄透鏡公式及放大倍率公式求出欲得的物理量。研究結果的確能從光屏上見到顯微投影機投射出的清楚影像，且能精準量出影像之大小反求出實際物體大小。討論中對整個實驗中人為和儀器造成的誤差，以及實驗過程中其餘因素產生的誤差作一番探討。最後結論是針對顯微投影機未來的期許及本研究小組的實驗心得。

有一次我看到一本書籍，介紹我們如何種植向日葵的方法。同時展示向日葵花田在太陽下散發迷人光芒，使我在腦海裡留下深刻印象。為了徹底瞭解它，盼望看到金黃耀眼的向日葵，於是對向日葵展開觀察與研究工作。

The purpose: To study the basaltic prisms to understand their formation. Tasks: To study chemical and mineral composition, textures and density of basalts of central and peripheral parts of prisms, to reveal the possible difference as a consequence of the formation of Benard sells. Basalt prisms have 6-5-4-face shape with a diameter 10 -50 cm and height of 30-40m. They are divided by transverse fracture in blocks of 20-50 cm. Prismatic jointing of basalts widespread throughout the world. There are many theories about its origin. We decided to collect data to identify the most appropriate of these. We suppose that if the hypothesis about the role of Benard cells is correct then the properties of basalt in the central and peripheral parts of the prisms must be different. If we consider the center of the prism as the center of the cell, where the hot matter rise, spreading out to the periphery and lower in the peripheral part, it is likely that the density of basalt forming in the center must be lower than at the periphery and later crystallization should lead to a slightly more acidic basalt in the middle. We determined the density of basalts of different parts of prisms. And the density of central part basalts was equal to 2.502g/sm3 and of peripheral part basalts was equal to 2.907g/sm3. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that basalt of central part contain 12,91% Si and of peripheral part only 10,17%. Basalt of central part is depleted of Fe, Mn, Ti, Mg compared with of peripheral. We investigated samples and thin sections of basalts under the microscope MIN-8. For basalts of peripheral part flow texture expressed by the orientation of the microlites are characteristic. In the central part flow texture are poorly expressed but we can see many phenocrysts. Our data reveal a significant and expected difference between the basalts of central and peripheral parts of prism, that are the evidences in favor of the hypothesis about the role of Benard cells in the formation of basalt prismatic jointing.

臺灣高速鐵路因差異沉陷而有行車安全的疑慮，每年耗費數千萬來嚴密監測沉陷。因此，我們希望能有一個可靠、簡便、便宜、及時的新測量方法。 本新測量方法利用商務筆記型電腦中的加速度感測器，來記錄列車行進差異沉陷處的電壓變化，透過Quake Catcher Network Live軟體轉換成加速度值，再經過傅立葉轉換以濾除雜訊的影響，而從加速度、速度、位移、時間之間的定義，得到高鐵於該處的沉陷值。 透過全線測量，訊號的可靠性，使我們得到台灣高鐵全台差異沉陷的分佈狀況。而高鐵苗栗麻園坑段的反覆驗證，沉陷值的正確性，也在誤差的合理範圍內。 由此顯示，此新測量法是可行的。尤其相對於傳統的人工測量方法，這個方法更有利於迅速地測量高速鐵路的差異沉陷，作到即時監測、即時預警，防範事故於未然，更可節省大量的人力與物力。

本實驗主要在探討如何把電石製造乙炔時所產生的廢料完全再利用，因電石渣的主要成分為氫氧化鈣(Ca(OH)2)，因此設想以電石渣來吸收空氣中的二氧化碳(CO2)；實驗中將電石渣加水注入二氧化碳發現會產生碳酸鈣(CaCO3)；更進一步將碳酸鈣應用在土壤酸鹼度的改良，實驗結果得知碳酸鈣和pH值3之酸性土壤混合的比例大約為1：5左右，可中和其酸鹼值，使土壤恢復至pH值約為7的中性土壤。另外電石多用於照明、燃料以及農業上水果催熟，我們自製一個較安全的燃燒器具並探討電石量和其產生熱量的關係。實驗得知電石的質量越大，氧化後釋出的乙炔(C2H2)也越多，同時其所產生的能量也較大；透過電石催熟木瓜實驗驗證乙炔為催熟主因，但也得知過量的乙炔不會導致速率提升。

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have cheaper and easier means of fabrication compared to the currently used solar cells, which are mostly silicon-based, so DSSCs are developed for a prospect of solar energy accounting for a higher percentage in the world’s total energy production, which is currently 0.1%. However, compared to their inorganic counterparts, their efficiencies are low, and the search for a dye that will maximize the potential of DSSCs is still ongoing. The aim of this study is to be able to evaluate the absorption range in the solar spectrum of dyes extracted from Basella alba leaves and Bixin orellana seeds, and of dyes resulting from the mixture of both extracts, using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, with the objective of increasing the absorption; to be able to fabricate functional DSSCs from the individual and mixed dyes; and to be able to evaluate the different conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs of the individual and mixed dyes using Linear Sweep Voltammetry, with the aim of increasing the conversion efficiency due to a wider absorption range. B. alba leaves and B. orellana seeds were extracted using soxhlet extraction. The clean extracts were mixed in different proportions, and were characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The two individual dyes together with two proportions of the mixed B. alba:B. orellana dyes, 1:1 and 2:1, were then incorporated into DSSCs. In the fabrication of DSSCs, twelve plates of Fluorine doped tin oxide were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) using spray pyrolysis. They were sintered and scraped, and were afterwards immersed in the four dyes for four days. Platinum plates were placed on top, and iodine-triiodide couple electrolyte was introduced via capillary action. The sealed DSSCs were subjected to Linear Sweep Voltammetry under dark and illuminated conditions, using a sun simulator. Results from the UV-Vis spectrophotometry showed that mixing the dyes had increased the absorption range of the individual dyes, although not superpositionally, and that the 2:1 mixed dye has the most potential. Being incorporated into DSSCs, the dyes, including the mixed ones, have successfully converted solar energy into electrical energy, as shown by the significance in conversion efficiencies under dark and illuminated conditions. However, despite the increase in the absorption range, neither of the mixed dyes have shown a higher conversion efficiency than the individual ones, which can be accounted for a possible weaker interaction between the two dyes and the TiO2, resulting to lower efficiencies. The study has been able to obtain and characterize dyes from B. orellana seeds and B. alba leaves and has been able to incorporate the dyes into DSSCs. With the wider absorption range of the mixed dyes, the study has been able to confirm the possibility of the dyes to maximize the potential of DSSCs, as shown by the successful conversion of solar energy into electrical energy of all fabricated DSSCs, including those of mixed dyes. If the possible problem with the dye-dye as well as the dye-TiO2 interactions could be solved, the possibility of much higher conversion efficiencies could be expected.

一次戶外教學中，我們在河裡發現台灣蜆（俗稱喇仔）的蹤跡，並尋問生物老師有關蜆順的生活習性及其攝食方式( 陳，1990 ) ，那時才明暸台灣蜆在濾食時，可能同時也會過濾水中之雜質，進而加速水的淨化速率；如果真是如此，那麼將可利用此生物來做污水處理處理法 ，因此乃設計此實驗來做進一步探討。

本研究欲探討異種植物在授粉作用時防止雜交的機制。我們選定鐵砲百合柱頭分泌物及劍蘭花粉作為實驗探討之對象。研究結果顯示：鐵砲百合柱頭分泌物對劍蘭花粉之萌發有明顯的抑制作用，當溫度超過50℃將會破壞柱頭分泌物對花粉萌發之抑制作用。而以不同孔徑分子篩(Microcon)離心柱頭分泌物之實驗結果顯示：柱頭分泌物中，抑制劍蘭花粉萌發的物質其分子量介於30-50kDa 之間。接著，以Trypsin 作用柱頭分泌物，發現處理過後的柱頭分泌物對劍蘭花粉的抑制效果明顯降低，表示此抑制物質會被蛋白?所分解。綜合以上結論，再經SDS-PAGE 電泳的結果確認：鐵砲百合柱頭分泌物中，抑制劍蘭花粉萌發的物質為一種蛋白質，其分子量約在45kDa 左右，且該種抑制蛋白的活性在溫度50℃-55℃會被破壞。將此種蛋白質做蛋白質定序，結果顯示:此種蛋白質為一種Peroxidase。

近幾年來，由於臭氧層破洞日漸嚴重，使得紫外線對皮膚的傷害力愈來愈強。皮膚是生物接觸外界的第一層保護膜，因此每個人對防曬觀念愈來愈注重。我們將對螢光棒的好奇心轉為測試物品防曬效果的動力。我們發現螢光棒裡的雙氧水和螢光染料在光的照射下，會對螢光棒的發光程度有所影響。所以我們將螢光棒的主要成分分成兩部分後，進行不同光線與不同時間長短的照光反應。經由分析可以得知雙氧水對於光線會有分解的現象。而在分析過程中，不經意地發現在螢光棒中加入洗衣粉會使發光強度異常增加，且可維持一段時間的發光。藉由螢光棒照光的分解特性，我們進一步地探討一些防曬用品的防曬效果。

中文摘要 植物體在生長發育的過程中，有許多必要的營養素，一旦缺乏這些營養素，植物的生長 狀況會產生問題，不但會抑制植物生長，植物對外界的免疫力也會跟著下降。在台灣，水稻 不僅是台灣人賴以維生的糧食，更是台灣人引以為傲的作物。但台灣高溫多濕的海島型氣候， 適合多種稻作病害的發生，紋枯病及白葉枯病就是危害台灣稻作主要兩種病害。這些病原菌 的感染直接限制了該土地中植物的生長和生物的存活，間接的影響人類的生活。 本研究中，以水稻為實驗對象，我們主要探討六種水稻生長所必須的營養素：鈣、鎂、 鐵、鉀、氮、磷和水稻之間的關係。我們將水稻種植在缺乏某種特定元素的培養基中，觀察 其生長的異狀，以便於得知某特定元素對於水稻生長發育的影響為何。之後，再將缺乏各種 營養素的水稻及營養素供應正常的水稻，分別感染白葉枯病病原細菌及紋枯病病原菌，觀察 受感染的水稻之損傷程度，並檢測受感染植株中過氧化氫酵素活性的變化，試著歸納出其防 禦機制和營養素之間的關係，期望對其防禦機制能有進一步的了解。 英文摘要(Abstract)\r When plants grow up, there’s a lot of necessary nutrition. Once plants lack of this nutrition, some problems will occur. It can cause plant growth retardation and decrease the immune ability to the surroundings. Rice is a main cereal in Taiwan, and we are all proud of it. However, rice is frequently attacked by many pathogens , such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Thanatephorus cucumeris. The infection directly limits plant growth and survive of organisms, but also indirectly effect life of human. In this research, we study the effect of nutrition deficiency such as nitrogen , phosphorus, potassium, iron , magnesium and calcium deficiency. First , we cultivate the crops on the media which lacks of some specific nutrition. After intensive observes on the plants, we can slightly discover the relationship between these nutrition and the plants. After the plants are infected by the pathogens (X. oryzae pv. oryzae and T. cucumeris) in two weeks, we record the spread of the lesion size resulted from the infection. The changes of Peroxidase activity after infection are also studied. We hope we can get a deeper understand about the immune system of rice.