我對非洲鳳仙花果實成熟後會爆開，把裡面的種子彈出來，覺得很好奇，因此研究它的果實。從暑假開始觀察植物的生長情形，到各處採集果實，也在家裡種了許多非洲鳳仙花，然後做了很多實驗和觀察，包括果實外形的觀察、果實如何破裂、果實如何彈射種子、果實的細部構造切片觀察、果實彈力的量測等。經過這些實驗和觀察，我發現許多圖書和百科全書中都沒有提到的事，例如果實有一條破裂線的存在、果實小的時候先下垂要破裂前再上舉、果實長大後密度會變小、果實內外層細胞構造不同、果實破裂會由尖端捲起再把種子彈射出去、果實只花0.002秒就會捲起等，這個研究讓我知道了好多非洲鳳仙花的大秘密和它有多聰明。

在本實驗中，我們合成了三個新的鋅的幾何異構物：trans-facial-[Zn(dipica)₂]Cl2.CH3OH(dipica=dipicolylamine，C12H13N3，雙(2吡啶甲基)胺)trans-facial-[Zn(dien)2]Cl2(dien=diethylenetriamine，C4H14N3，二乙基三胺)及反式-[Zn(demn)2Cl2](demn=N,N’-dimethylethylenediamineC4H12N2，N,N'-二甲基乙二胺)。本實驗的特色皆在室溫下反應，採用擴散法培養晶體。trans-facial-[Zn(dipica)22]Cl2.CH3OH晶體為三斜晶系，晶格常數a=8.8269(6)Å, b=8.9908(6)Å, c=10.0292(6)Å,α=76.715(1)。,β=81.232(1)。,γ=67.753(1)。;其空間群為P1，可信度R=0.025,Rw=0.0697。六配位的陽離子，其結構為扭曲八面體，兩個含氮三牙基(dipica)trans-facial配位，赤道面(ZnN(1)N(2)N(1A)N(2A))由兩個含吡啶環之氮(N(1)、N(1A))及兩個飽和胺之氮(N(2)、N(2A))所組成。主軸為兩個吡啶環之氮所組成。兩個含氮三牙基(dipica)與鋅的咬合角皆為84.5。。trans-facial-[Zn(dien)2]Cl2晶體為單斜晶系，晶格常數為a=11.3050(3)Å,b=10.9264(3)Å, c=12.6147(3)Å,β=92.884(1)。;其空間群為P21/c，可信度R=0.0191，Rw=0.0484。六配位的離子，其結構為扭曲八面體，兩個含氮三牙基(dien)與鋅的咬合角為156°、157°。反式-[Zn(dmen)2Cl2]晶體為單斜晶系，晶格常數 a=10.3397(4)Å,b=8.5916(4)Å,c=7.9774(3)Å,β=100.520(1)°;其空間群為C2/m，可信度R=0.0266，Rw=0.0686。其結構為八面體，鋅原子四個氮原子組成赤道面(ZnN(1)N(1A)N(1B)N(1C))，兩個氯原子位於此平面的兩側。兩個含氮雙牙基(dmen)與鋅的咬合角皆為83.0(1)Å。 In this study, we have synthesized three new geometrical isomers of zinc(II)complexes: trans-facial-bis(dipicolylamine)zinc(II)chloride-mathanol(1/2)(trans-fac-[Zn(dipica)2]Cl2.2CH3OH), trans-facial-bis(ethylenetriamine)zinc(II)chloride(trans-fac[Zn(dien)2]Cl2)and trans-bis(N, N'-dimethylethylenetriamine)zinc(II)chloride(trans-[Zn(dmen)2]Cl2). The crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by slow diffusion of ether to solution of the products. There molecular strctures determined by X-ray diffraction. The complex trans-fac-[Zn(dipica)2]Cl2.2CH3OH crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with a=8.8269(6)Å, b=8.9908(6)Å, c=10.0292(6)Å,α=76.715(1)。,β=81.232(1)。,γ= 67.753(1)。, for Z=1. The R value is 0.0259 for 3286 significant reflections. In the hexacoordinate cation, the two tridentate dipicolylamine ligands are trans-facially coordinated with two pyridine nitrogens and two secondary amine nitrogens situated on four positions in a basal plane(ZnN(1)N(2)N(1A)N(2A)). The remaining two pyridine nitrogens constitute the axis in a distorted octahedra structure. Colorless trans-fac-[Zn(dien)2]Cl2 crystallizes the monoclinic space group P21/c with a=11.3050(3)Å, b=10.9264(3)Å, c =12.6147(3)Å,β=92.884(1)。,and Z=1. The R value is 0.0191 for 3285 significant reflections. The zinc(II) atom has distorted octahedra coordination, in which the ligands are bound in a trans-facial configuration. Colorless trans-[Zn(dmen)2Cl2] crystallizes the monoclinic space group C2/m with a=10.3397(4)Å, b= 8.5916(4)Å, c=7.9774(3)Å,β=100.520(1)。, and Z=2. The R value is 0.0266 for 856 significant reflections. The zinc(II)atom of trans-[Zn(dmen)2Cl2]is six coordinate with 4 nitrogens of bidentate dmen forming a basal plane(ZnN(1)N(1B)N(1A)N(1C)),and two chlorines on the axial sites completing an octahedra structure.

由分析暖暖包內各成分的質量，推論放熱的主反應是4Fe + 3O2→ 2Fe2O3。再進一步研究各個成份在暖暖包的作用性為何。最後我們用其他物質代替暖暖包中的主成份觀察實驗的結果。在實用性、簡便性及商業的利益的考量之下，我們想看看暖暖包未來還有什麼發展空間。

在“高中數學──自然數系”書中，第六章自然數的除法運算裏，有一組問題如下：在圓周上取出 24 個等分點，分別記為 0 , 1 , 2 ， …… ， 23 (A)將0連到 6 ，將 1 連到 7 ，……，17 連到 23 ，這些直線段（圓上的弦），可以找到一個圓以這些直線段為切線（此圓為此直線族的包絡線）(B)將 1 連到 2 ， 2 連到 4 ，……， 11 連到 22 ， 12 連到 0 , 13 連到 2 ， ……， 23 連到 22 ，則這些弦的包絡線為一心臟線，這組問題引起我對包絡線的注意。 80 年暑假參加數學研習營，楊維哲教授談到“心臟線”是數個曲線族的包絡線，心臟線也是圓族的包絡線；因此更引發我對包絡線的興趣，想作更進一步的探討和研究。

人類血清中存在天然的抗體，能認識A型紅血球的A抗原及B型紅血球的B抗原，因此寫型不合的血液混合會導致血液凝結。在我們的實驗中，我們發現一種異體的血清與血球相混合也會產生凝集反應，顯示動物的血清中也存在認識異種異體紅血球抗原的天然抗體。然而在實驗是常用的基因相異的七種不同品系小鼠及一種大鼠血清中，卻看不到存有天然抗體可認識彼此血球的抗體而產生凝集反應，顯示老鼠似乎異於人類，血清中沒有天然抗體來引發彼此的血球凝集。而且抗馬血清可與經電泳分離後的馬血清在洋菜膠上形成三個沉澱線，但不會與老鼠血清及牛血清有任何反應。雖然抗馬血清與人及兔血清有交叉反應，但仍顯示出其結合的特異性。除此之外，我們發現來自不同品系的小鼠及大鼠的白血球彼此會互相反應並聚集在一起，顯示不同品系的小鼠及大鼠白血球可認識同種異體及異種異體的白血球抗原。因此不只是血清中的抗體，白血球本身也可認識同種異體及異種異體的抗原。所以除了人類血清中天然抗體及經由免疫注射產生的抗馬血清之外，為經過免疫注射的人或老鼠身上的白血球也具有認識同種異體及異種異體抗原的能力，因此我們認為不僅是抗體，連白血球都可當作鑑別物種的診斷工具。

無尾翼飛行器(Tailless Aircraft)在軍事上的價值極大，且對於目前正在起步的微飛行載具(Micro Air Vehicle)而言，亦是值得嘗試與投資的。然而，由於無尾翼飛行器缺乏用以平衡的水平尾翼，造成其靜態的不穩定，即使設法提高靜態穩定特性，但其氣動力阻尼低、穩定性仍舊不佳。操縱上更是困難，在飛行穩定性與控制系統設計上極其挑戰性。本研究目的在探討無尾翼飛行器之穩定性與控制技術，改善其先天之不穩定特性，考慮之項目有縱向靜態穩定性、動態穩定性、控制面與組件配置等因素等進行詳細之探討。首先，找出了適用於無尾翼飛行器之Reflex翼形，接著建立無尾翼飛行器之非線性縱向動態模式，然後針對一翼展8Ocm之小型飛行器進行外型設計，並觀察分析其實際飛行狀態，再以理論與經驗公式估算無尾翼飛行器之氣動力導數，探討其飛行穩定與操控性能。此外，並運用古典控制PID控制法則，設計控制器進行非線性受控系統之動態響應模擬。由模擬結果可看出，經由翼剖面改變與控制系統的輔助下，大幅提高了其性能，使得無尾翼飛行器克服了先天的不穩定特性，更提高了其發展空間 The tailless aircraft has a great value on the military use. Meanwhile, it is worthwhile to try and to invest in it for the investigation of MAV(Micro Air Vehicle), which is being developed now. However, because of lacking horizontal tail which is used for balance, the tailless aircraft is static unstable. Even with the attempt to enhance its characteristics of static stability, the stability of the tailless aircraft is still poor for the sake of it's low damping in aerodynamics. Therefore, it is a challenge to flight stability and control system designing. The purposes of this research are to study the stability and the control technique of the tailless aircraft. To improve its congenital lacking of stability, thought over the longitudinal static stability, dynamic stability and control system. First, find the "Reflex" airfoil is suitable for the tailless aircraft. Second, set up a non-linear and longitudinal dynamic model of the tailless aircraft. Third, design an 80cm span small airplane. Hence, observe and analyze its flying condition. Finally, utilize the theoretical and experiential equations to estimate the aerodynamic derivatives and investigate its stability and controllability. Besides, use the PID controller to proceeded the time-response simulation of the non-linear system. The result of simulation shows that the performance is improved through the change of the airfoil and with the auxiliary of the control system. With this improvement, the tailless aircraft overcome the congenital lacking of stability to broaden its utilization potential.

現今乳酸菌飲料風行，但是乳酸菌是否真能通過胃酸的考驗，到達腸道進行複製，利益人體？我們首先以市售乳酸菌粉（加拿大Rosell 公司，含二種菌，暫時命名為"小毛"及"小白"）為預測菌種，利用分光光度計測定乳酸菌於Thioglycollate 培養基中的生長能力（OD600）。小毛在pH 值 1、 3 、5、 7 時之生長力分別為0、 0.008 、0.682 、0.847 ，小白為 0、 0.015 、0.973、 0.636。若於培養基中添加不同濃度的螺旋藻熱分解物，如加入0.01%的添加物後，小毛在以上各種pH 值生長力分別為0.042、1.291, 、1.447, 、1.213 ，小白為 0.053、1.392、 1.531、 0.988，意外發現可大幅提升菌的生長力及抗酸力。再取台灣市售4 種廠牌優酪乳（以甲、乙、丙、丁代表之），分離乳酸菌，再於各種pH 值中培養。結果在pH 3 時，螺旋藻熱分解物僅對丙廠牌有效, 乙廠牌無效, 甲與丙則有無填加生長力都很差。在pH 1 時, 則對乙、丙、丁皆有效，故建議廠商慎選菌種，並於製程及成品中添加螺旋藻熱分解物。The yogurt is a popular drink. But whether the lactobacilli inside can resist the destruction of gastric acid and grow well in the intestinal tract is still questionable. We used pure lactobacilli powder (Rosell Company, Canada, containing two bacteria named in this report as "Little Hair" and "Small White") for pre-test. The growth ability in thioglycollate medium was determined by spectrophotometer (OD600). The results of bacterial growth at pH 1, 3, 5, and 7 for "Little Hair" were 0, 0.008, 0.682, and 0.847, respectively. Those for "Small White" were 0, 0.015, 0.973, and 0.636, respectively. After supplement with 0.01% of the boiled lysate of Spirulina algae (ProBio Biotech, Taiwan), growth abilities at pH 1, 3, 5, and 7 for "Little Hair" were 0.042, 1.292, 1.447, and 1.213, respectively. Those for "Small White" were 0.053, 1.392, 1.531, and 0.988, respectively. The algae extract amply promotes the growth and acid-resistance, especially at pH 3, of these bacteria. The lactobacilli isolated from four different products of yogurt in Taiwan, named as A, B, C, and D, were then tested as above. Results showed the supplement with the boiled lysate of Spirulina algae was very effective, at pH 3, for promoting growth of C, but not effective for B. Growth abilities of both A and D were very unsatisfactory with or without this supplement. At pH 1, algae lysate supplement significantly improved the growths of B, C, and D. Therefore, this supplement in culture and product for yogurt preparation was suggested.

牡蠣殼與稻殼是台灣常見的農漁業廢棄物。台灣四面環海，養殖漁業興盛，而牡蠣是西部沿海主要的養殖漁業產物。牡蠣殼是難以處理的廢棄物，容易孳生蚊蠅且散發惡臭。經調查，台灣每年產生的空殼重達16萬公噸。稻殼俗稱粗糠，是加工生產之副產品，台灣每年之稻殼廢棄物約有60萬公噸，過去碾米場和農會常以露天燃燒或傾倒於河川等方式處理稻殼，造成環境汙染。 本研究以牡犡殼粉與稻殼灰為原料，透過計算及實驗，將其與釉藥融合，進行資源再利用。實驗中，利用原料分析及三角試驗法，成功研究出牡犡殼粉佔釉藥之比例最高可達28.6%，而稻殼灰取代釉藥原料中的硅石使用，比例最高可達14.4%。牡犡殼粉與稻殼灰合用可取代釉藥可達43%。

本研究以多種纖維質廢棄物作為造紙原料，造出媲美市售的紙張。我們發現：玉米皮適合造紙且品質穩定；木屑、玉米梗造紙張力低且易碎；低濃度鹼液解纖的甘蔗渣膠質多，紙張透明易皺縮，但高濃度鹼液解纖，紙張平整白皙；柚子皮膠質太多，不易造紙；雜草可造紙但纖維明顯；竹筷纖維粗硬，紙張厚且張力低；稻草造紙品質佳且原料充足，是造紙界新星。改變變因上，果汁機打1分鐘可使張力提升；添加膠水或澱粉液能提升張力及降低吸水量；200目絹框抄紙張力較好；加熱浸泡50%雙氧水可漂白。校園落葉單子葉比雙子葉植物適合造紙。複合材料造紙時，添加少量甘蔗渣或柚子皮纖維可提升張力，少量竹筷纖維能使紙張硬挺。最後本研究推薦數種造紙方法供大眾參考。

一個放假的日子，媽媽正忙著洗我們一家人小的髒衣服，要我也幫忙，否則來不及上街了。只見媽媽像澆水般的灑了一大把的洗衣粉在衣服上，揉了又揉，但是髒的地方，都不能完全洗得很乾淨。媽媽很感概地說：「電視上的廣告，都說這種好，那種好，全是騙人的。」因此，我決定想法替媽媽選擇一種能夠把衣服洗得最乾淨的洗衣扮，我就約了同學，並且請教了老師。

本實驗針對一取自台北縣烏來南勢溪下游之溫泉菌，進行微生物學、生物化學、分子生物學三方面之觀察與實驗，期能得到一可生產特定酵素之菌種，且具耐高溫之抗逆境能力。對其酵素進行定性，並嘗試轉殖出相關基因，使之可大量表現。目前已篩選出一種可生產多種酵素之菌種〔依其採集地點暫稱WL-A12〕經菌種鑑定為Bacillus subtilis WL-A12。藉由菌落檢測法以及Zymogram 的方式做酵素分析，並以電導轉形等技術，希望能成功轉至E. coli 上表現。另外，也對該菌種作了一些基本微生物方面的觀察〔如需氧情況、最適生長溫度〕。We isolated enzyme-producing thermophilic bacteria from hot springs near downriver of Nan-shi, Wulai, Taipei (北縣烏來南勢溪). Through microbiological, biochemistry and molecular biological analyses, a multiple enzyme-producing Bacillus subtilis strain, designated WLA12, has been isolated. The growth condition of WLA12 was observed. Using basic colony assay and zymogram analysis (gel electrophoresis) to observe the expressed enzymes, molecular weight and gene size of the enzymes were revealed. With comparison to E. coli control strain, the related enzymes were only found in WLA12. To express the Bacillus genes in E. coli, molecular cloning and gene transformation via electroporation was carried out.

演奏樂器時，是使發聲體產生駐波而發出各式各樣悠揚的聲音及音調；樂器主要分成振動體(發聲體)及共鳴器兩部分，依發音方式分為弦樂器(使弦振動產生駐波)、管樂器(利用空氣柱振動產生駐波) 及打擊樂器(利用板、膜或磚等彈性材料的固有頻率振動產生駐波)。聲音有三要素：振幅、頻率及波型，響度取決於振幅大小、音調與頻率有關、波型則由不同的頻率及響度組成。樂音多變的主因是音色及音調。音色是發聲體的發音特性，取決於該發聲體的聲波波型。音調即聲音的高低，與發聲體的振動頻率材質息息相關，頻率愈高，其音調愈高，而樂曲中的音階高低則是由音調高低所構成。樂曲的製作及演奏必涉及到律制，從駐波的產生、律制的探討、頻率的測量和琴鍵的振動模型建立與波形的觀察，我們使用計頻器、示波器及有限元素ANSYS 軟體、數學計算Mathematica 軟體，我們設計一系列實驗，企圖對樂器聲波操作技巧有更進一步的認知。從實地走訪樂器製造廠，了解到設計與改良仍是樂器工藝家重要課題，本文的實驗方法可提供大型演奏會現場調音、樂器調音師或樂器工藝家設計製造樂器時參考用，對於發展文化產業期待提供更經濟與實用的建議。;Playing musical instrument is to make sounding part produce stationary wave so as to give off various gentle sounds and tones. According to different modes of sound producing, musical instruments which comprise vibrator (sounding part) and resonator can be divided into stringed instruments (which vibrate the strings to produce stationary wave), wind instruments (which produce stationary wave with vibration of the air column) and percussion instruments (which produce stationary wave with natural frequency of boards, films or bricks). Three Essentials of sound include amplitude, frequency and waveform, in which the amplitude decides the volume, tones are related to frequency and the waveforms are composed of different frequency and volume. Various musical sounds are mainly due to different timbres and tones. Timbres, sounding characteristics of sounding part, is decided by waveform of the sounding part. Tone means pitch of the sound and is closely related to vibrating frequency of sounding part. Higher frequency makes higher tones and pitch of a musical scale is decided by different tones. Music composing and playing is necessarily connected with music temperament including producing of stationary wave, discussion of temperament, measurement of frequency, establishment of vibrating mode of keys and observation of waveform. We adopted frequency counter, wave inspector, ANSYS software and Mathematica software and designed a series of experiment to get further knowledge of technique of handling musical instrument wave. After visiting musical instrument manufacturers, we learnt that design and improvement are still the essential subjects for instrument craftsmen. Experimental method in his article can provide reference for on-the-spot tuning of large concert, musical instrument tuner and musical instrument designing and manufacturing by craftsmen, and more economic and practical suggestion for cultural industry development.