科展作品檢索
探討睡眠剝奪對青少年學習與記憶的影響-以小鼠為模式探討生理、心理與大腦變化
為探討青少年壓力對生活的影響,我們在網路上進行問卷調查,調查12~18歲的青少年對自身所感受到的壓力所進行的自我評估。 統整後,決定以青少年時期之小鼠作為模型,探討睡眠剝奪對青少年學習的影響,並討論男女差異。生理狀態方面得知睡眠剝奪會使體重成長較緩慢,且由曠野實驗發現睡眠剝奪不會大幅影響自主活動量。 學習與記憶方面利用新奇事物測驗測量短期記憶,在公鼠身上可以看到睡眠剝奪會影響公鼠的短期記憶;母鼠在此實驗中控制組與操作組無顯著差異。長期記憶與空間記憶部分利用巴恩斯迷宮測試,發現性別間無顯著差異,各性別控制組與睡眠剝奪組間亦無顯著差異。
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神秘的愛因斯坦電梯—不同加速度系統中重力改變之探討
我們利用簡單的器材,設計了兩套可以改變加速度的系統裝置(愛因斯坦電梯),以火花記錄計時器(A電子電機及資訊科0V、60Hz)測量出系統裝置的加速度。 第一套加速度系統裝置,測量出彈簧的伸長量,再由虎克定律(W=kx)計算出物體的重量。第二套加速度系統裝置,直接觀察電子秤的讀數,測量出物體的重量。 最後,將不同加速度系統中測得的數據(物體重量(w)和重力加速度(g))在座標軸上標出數據點,圖形顯示物體重量(w)和重力加速度(g)兩者間有正比的關係,實驗結果符合愛因斯坦等效原理的預測。
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向心力實驗之改良再改良──兼談本校推展科學教育之紮根工作
科技可經世濟國其重要性已不可待言,因此政府至望從 事科學教育工作者能做好科教工作。本校物理科教師成 認使命重大,因此致力於科教紮根工作,目前在升學主 義扔未消除之下,本校教師之積極配合方怯是鼓勵學生 在配合現有教材上,例如目前實驗課程鼓勵學生如何加 以用別的方法去做實驗,如何改進、改良。在改進改良 過程中,可觸發學生理論與實驗配合,或產生更創新方 法。所以本校物理教帥現帶頒學生致力於實驗教利之改 良,已獲得多次成功,更得上級重視,尤以去年推出的 水波槽光干涉之改良得全國高中教師組第一名,給我們 更大鼓勵。此次兩套向心力改良實驗是一連串改良中之 一,其中一套已在本校列為正式實驗教材。擬將大量推 廣,現連同最近才改良的一套,一併展示。
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Fabrication and Characterization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Bixa orellana Seeds and Basella alba Leaves
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have cheaper and easier means of fabrication compared to the currently used solar cells, which are mostly silicon-based, so DSSCs are developed for a prospect of solar energy accounting for a higher percentage in the world’s total energy production, which is currently 0.1%. However, compared to their inorganic counterparts, their efficiencies are low, and the search for a dye that will maximize the potential of DSSCs is still ongoing. The aim of this study is to be able to evaluate the absorption range in the solar spectrum of dyes extracted from Basella alba leaves and Bixin orellana seeds, and of dyes resulting from the mixture of both extracts, using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, with the objective of increasing the absorption; to be able to fabricate functional DSSCs from the individual and mixed dyes; and to be able to evaluate the different conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs of the individual and mixed dyes using Linear Sweep Voltammetry, with the aim of increasing the conversion efficiency due to a wider absorption range. B. alba leaves and B. orellana seeds were extracted using soxhlet extraction. The clean extracts were mixed in different proportions, and were characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The two individual dyes together with two proportions of the mixed B. alba:B. orellana dyes, 1:1 and 2:1, were then incorporated into DSSCs. In the fabrication of DSSCs, twelve plates of Fluorine doped tin oxide were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) using spray pyrolysis. They were sintered and scraped, and were afterwards immersed in the four dyes for four days. Platinum plates were placed on top, and iodine-triiodide couple electrolyte was introduced via capillary action. The sealed DSSCs were subjected to Linear Sweep Voltammetry under dark and illuminated conditions, using a sun simulator. Results from the UV-Vis spectrophotometry showed that mixing the dyes had increased the absorption range of the individual dyes, although not superpositionally, and that the 2:1 mixed dye has the most potential. Being incorporated into DSSCs, the dyes, including the mixed ones, have successfully converted solar energy into electrical energy, as shown by the significance in conversion efficiencies under dark and illuminated conditions. However, despite the increase in the absorption range, neither of the mixed dyes have shown a higher conversion efficiency than the individual ones, which can be accounted for a possible weaker interaction between the two dyes and the TiO2, resulting to lower efficiencies. The study has been able to obtain and characterize dyes from B. orellana seeds and B. alba leaves and has been able to incorporate the dyes into DSSCs. With the wider absorption range of the mixed dyes, the study has been able to confirm the possibility of the dyes to maximize the potential of DSSCs, as shown by the successful conversion of solar energy into electrical energy of all fabricated DSSCs, including those of mixed dyes. If the possible problem with the dye-dye as well as the dye-TiO2 interactions could be solved, the possibility of much higher conversion efficiencies could be expected.
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