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我們經過一連串的實驗,我們發現雙液滴碰撞會彈開與液滴的表面張力有關。當碰撞的 兩液滴的表面張力相同,則雙液滴在碰撞瞬間會黏合在一起而成為一顆液滴;但如果是兩液 滴的表面張力差距越大,則雙液滴在碰撞瞬間彈開的機率將升高,機率甚至高達百分之百。 另外,液滴在碰撞前的瞬間速率、碰撞的方式(擦撞或正面碰撞)和質量大小也將影響雙液滴 彈開的機率。瞬間速率越快則彈開機率較低,相反的,彈開機率則升高。雙液滴使用擦撞的 碰撞方式,其彈開機率較正面碰撞來的大。這幾個結果顯示,碰撞的力道越大,雙液滴越容 易黏合在一起,相反的,越容易彈開。
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在國中化學課本第二冊第七章第二節,提到分析 HCI 中含有H 元素之實驗,所使用 IICI 加 Fe 粉的驗證。經我們實驗結果,發現使用 Fe 粉不易發生反應;實驗時間長且效果不佳。同時我們也發現在試管底側小孔上方點燃H2,經常不能有火焰出現。為使初學者有較好的視覺效果,我們除改用. Zn 粉、 Al 粉外,更把試管改良成尖頭來進行這個實驗。
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民國六十一年秋末,本校的科學研習員到蕭振興先生家做客,我們爬到後山坡,看到了好多的荔枝果樹,有五年生、十年生,其至二十多年生的,參差不齊,有的果樹是碧綠蒼翠而茂盛,但是其中有些果樹不知什麼緣故枯黃死了,為害不輕,真令人惋惜,因此促使我們研究的興趣。
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剛開始考慮平分物件時,我們從二維的多邊形部分著手,後來發現已經有人做過相關研究,並且得到類似的結論。這個部份顯現出面積平分線與其包絡曲線間的密切關係。我們將其中的方法和結果加以歸納、改善,為了更全面地研究,我們推導出一般性的包絡方程。之後當我們推廣到三維領域時,發現四面體體積平分面與之前的結論有些相似之處,平分的情況卻也更複雜,我們將推導的結果用電腦軟體呈現出來,以便更深入地了解它。最後嘗試了相當抽象的高維積平分,結果仍具有工整的對稱性,讓我們充分領略了數學之美!When considering bisecting a subject, at first we focused our attention on 2-D case, polygons. But afterwards, we found there were already some similar studies conducted by other students, which indicated the close relation between the area-bisecting lines of a polygon and their envelope. We rearranged their methods and results, and then made further improvement. Moreover, in order to study the bisecting problem entirely, we derived the general envelope equation. Then when extending the generalization to the 3-D case, we came to the conclusion that tetrahedrons’ volume-bisecting planes is similar to that in 2-D, but the circumstances are more complex. We tried to show our result with the aid of software, hoping to understand it fully. Finally, we tried to do the case in higher dimension, which is very abstract, and the result was clear-cut symmetrical. During the studying process, we had seen “the beauty of mathematics.”
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線上教學資源
「魚標本」製作及小小博物館員教育活動導入
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某天風和日麗數位同學相邀至河邊捉魚,在河中暢遊一番後發現個人於水面上的褲管沾濕的高度各有差異,而我們了解,不浸水部份之所以會濕乃毛細現象所致,但何以沾濕高度會因質料而異呢?於是引發我們對毛細現象作進一步的探討。
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本文發展出一套內鏡射圖形的尺規作圖法,由此作圖法操作中發現奇數邊多邊形的內鏡射圖形是唯一的,而偶數邊多邊形卻有無限多個。本文主要探討多層次內鏡射圖形的存在條件,依條件給定的各組內角,必可操作到指定的層數,當給定的各內角愈接近正多邊形的角度時,可操作到的層數愈多。
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科展作品檢索
A Physical Analysis of the Difference in Ungues of Insects on Types of Habitat
1. Purpose of the research While studying about insects for school club activity, we found that there are differences in several anatomical characters of the insects according their habitats. Especially, the unguis was different as whether the insect lives in water or on land. So we observed the structure of unguis of some insects by microscope, and physically analyze to relate with the habitat of each insect. 2. Procedures First, we read papers and books about insect morphology to study about insect's unguis. Then, we collected samples of Chironomus plumosus(larva), Neuronia regina(larva), and Carbula humerigera. After pretreatment of samples, we put them in the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), observed the unguis of each insect and took pictures. 3. Data First, the larva of Chironomus plumosus has prolegs with numberless hooks that has a certain arrangement and the same angle of 90º. They also has several tiny swellings around the hook. Next, the larva of Neuronia regina has pincer-like unguis which were sharp and bend, reminding the shape of a quadratic curve. Lastly, Carbula humerigera has two large, thick pincer unguis, its form same as the of Neuronia regina. The unguis are very sharp and faced towards the land. 4. Conclusions Both the aquatic insects and the terrestrial insects have structures in unguis developed to increase precision on land. Especially, the angle of unguis were all close to 90º. In addition, aquatic insects like the larvas of Chironomus plumosus or Neuronia regina have particular characters increasing friction force according to resist the flow of water.
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This research divides into two subjects. The first subject aims at single-hole-swirls, we use single-hole-swirls to discuss water volume to the eddy current influence. The experiment obtains the relations between the aperture and the bottom area of the vessel. It also produces difference between free vortexes and forced vortexes of the eddy current. Our another discussion subject is twin-hole-swirls, which is extremely complex but actually an interesting part. Twin-hole-swirls is easy to be disturbed by the external factors. The result is different from our supposition. But from the experiment we discovered twin-hole-swirls is a mini version of twin-typhoons. Twin-hole-swirls has the same phenomenon with Fujiwhara effect. 本研究探討分為兩個主題。首先是針對單孔,我們利用單孔漩渦探討水量對漩渦的影響,並實驗求得孔徑與容器底面積的關係,以及自由渦流與強制渦流所產生之漩渦的差異。我們另一個探討的主題是雙孔,也是實驗中非常複雜但卻有趣的一部份。雙孔漩渦極易受到外在因素干擾,產生的結果與我們在實驗前的假設出入頗大,但從實驗中我們發現雙孔漩渦其實是雙颱的縮小版,雙孔漩渦與雙颱效應有著許多相符的現象。
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本文探討有機肥料,從現有的肥料到後來的自己親自動手做。剛開始,以四種不同的綠肥進行秧苗實驗,再以綠豆做不同種的綠肥試驗,進而自己動手做有機肥料(甘蔗渣),用自己做出的有機肥,進行不同質量、不同植物種類的實驗,發現不同的質量、不同的有機肥,都會與實驗結果有密切的關係;而紅甘蔗是我們瑞源的名產,更希望藉此實驗,能帶動大家從日常生活中,懂得廢物利用,一起為環保盡一份心力!
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我們在便利商店看到一款「自熱火鍋」,發現裡面的自熱包,只要透過加水,在不用明火的狀況下便能夠將食材加熱甚至煮沸,於是我們便想要探索其中的原理。我們首先針對這個實驗設計了可以標準化測定、且可避免外界熱干擾,同時也能方便觀察偵測的「絕熱箱實驗盒」,接著進行自熱包的相關實驗。在其中發現自熱包中不只有只有生石灰的成分,還包含了鋁粉。藉由進一步的實驗分析,我們找出自熱包可以達到最佳加熱效益所需添加的最佳水量與自熱包的質量比。另外透過分析自熱包的加熱溫度曲線,找出其中成分的最佳配方,也探討如何透過改變包材,改變自熱包的發熱反應開始時間、有效工作時間,並探討如何避免氫氣的產生和爆炸的風險。
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