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科展作品檢索
Delayed Apoptotic Cell Clearance Induce Autoantibody to huRNP P2
Deficiencies in clearance of apoptotic cells predispose to the development of autoimmune disease. This is evident in mice lacking the receptor tyrosine kinases Tyro3, Axl, and Mer that mediate uptake of apoptotic cells. Deficient mice exhibit an increased abundance of apoptotic cells in tissues and manifest diverse autoimmune conditions. To test these mice for the presence of autoantibodies to apoptotic cells, we generated spontaneous splenic B cell hybridomas and used microscopy to screen for clones reactive with apoptotic Jurkat cells. From hybridomas secreting IgG antibodies reactive with apoptotic cells, we selected one that recreated the major serum specificity for apoptotic cells. The antibody, LHC7.15, bound to an antigen that is differentially distributed between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in live and apoptotic cells. In late apoptotic cells, the antigen coalesces into aggregates that form blebs at the cell surface. Immunopurification of the antigen, followed by mass spectrometry, identifed a protein of 69kD whose partial sequence matched hnRNP P2. This multi-functional protein binds DNA, RNA, and several known RNP autoantigens. Our observations suggest that an RNP complex, formed and translocated to the cell surface in apoptosis, participates in the induction of linked sets of anti-RNP autoantibodies. Our results also implicate hnRNP P2 as a potential novel antigen involved in initiating and sustaining systemic autoimmune diseases.
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本次的活動,堪稱為一個典型的「行動研究」,期望能藉由探究的活動,嫻熟科學探討的方法,並經由實作過程獲得科學知識和技能,進而運用生活中的常見物品來製作科技。其活動過程是在瞭解潛水艇的原理以及浮力的特性後,經由尋找手邊可利用的各項材料與資源,進行各項實驗活動,成功的自製一艘能潛入水中的潛水艇。
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空氣清淨機和光觸媒對室內空氣中微生物之滅菌效果
在2003年SARS的衝擊之下,坊間出現了許多聲稱具有抗菌、去污、防塵,甚至消滅病毒效果的產品,例如:光觸媒,空氣清淨機。根據文獻資料顯示,光觸媒可以滅菌,達到清淨空氣的效果,但我們希望能更進一步的經由科學的驗證了解,它們的殺菌功能究竟為何。我們在空氣清靜機的濾網上噴灑光觸媒;另外由於紫外光激發光觸媒的效用較強,我們也同時使用UV 燈照射濾網,作為對照組。我們將實驗分為使用空氣清靜機a.濾網 b. 濾網+UV燈 c.濾網+光觸媒 d.濾網+光觸媒+UV 燈。共有5個採樣點,包括:居家客廳及臥房、實驗室、補習班、辦公室。經培養之後,計數細菌與真菌之種類及數量並分析數據以進行討論與結論。根據實驗所得數據分析,發現:一、空氣清淨機之效能應考慮其使用空間之大小二、整體而言,在空氣清淨機的濾網上噴灑光觸媒,其效果並不顯著優於單純使用空氣清淨機時
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本實驗利用五種瓜類蔬菜,分別為南瓜、苦瓜、絲瓜、冬瓜及小黃瓜等為試驗材料,將所取得之萃取液以濾紙圓片擴散法(disk diffusion technique)進行抑菌試驗,其試驗菌株以3株細菌為對象。初步試驗結果顯示南瓜具最佳抑菌活性,次為苦瓜、絲瓜、小黃瓜、冬瓜。進一步探討不同溫度、pH值對其抑菌活性之影響。結果顯示,五種瓜類萃取液經121℃,20分鐘加熱處理並不會破壞其抑菌成份;萃取液則因pH值不同而改變抑菌活性,各組實驗皆在pH值較低情形下得到較好抑菌活性。由初步試驗中得到南瓜萃取液具有最佳抑菌活性,因此進一步進行食物模式研究,添加不同濃度之南瓜類萃取液於4℃市售柳橙汁、鮮乳、奶茶及豆干中儲存5天,其生菌數皆低於控制組。
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Fast Fabulous Flush
Water is very vital in our lives as we cannot live without it. However our world is now facing a serious problem. Owing to the increasing population, water resources are scarce. In recent years, we can see that droughts have been affecting millions of people around the globe. In the meantime, people in developed countries have been wasting huge amount of water for flushing the toilet. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, 30% of household water goes toward flushing the toilet. Countries like China, US, Canada and UK are still using fresh water in flushing, consuming 190 million L of fresh water every day, not to mention the energy needed in pumping the water. In fact, it is not necessary to use so much water to flush away substances like tissue, hair, urine etc. The water we used is far more than we need. However, as we cannot control how much water is used when we flush, all water in the cistern is flushed away. Realizing the seriousness of water shortage and wastage in flushing, we tried to invent a device to conserve water by controlling the amount of flushing water used. Firstly, we study the principle of normal flushing system so as to understand why flushing cannot be controlled. Then, we tried to think of ways to control flushing. We have tried various methods and materials. After the 6-month testing and modification, we successfully invented Fast Fabulous Flush. It is a device which can be fit into existing cistern to conserve water. With our invention, users can control the amount of water flushed according to needs, so as not to waste unnecessary water. Our invention costs a low price which is no more than 2 US dollar. Also, it can be fit into existing cistern within 3 minutes with simple installation process. Most importantly, flushing water can be conserved effectively. It is estimated that around 200L of water can be saved per household every day.
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「重複圖形」是本篇報告研究的問題,我們利用「方程式」建立一個尋找重複圖形,並証明其個數的方法。利用此方法得出下面的結論:1.會形成lap 2 的凸多邊形只有2 種,即三角形和四邊形。(1)「lap 2 三角形」只有1 種,即等腰直角三角形。(2)「lap 2 四邊形」只有1 種,即二邊之比為1: 且內角是45°、135°的平行四邊形。2.會形成lap 3 的凸多邊形只有2 種,即三角形和四邊形。(1)「lap 3 三角形」只有1 種,即內角為30°–60°–90°的直角三角形。3.其他的lap k 三角形:(1)任意內角為30°–60°–90°的直角三角形都是lap 3k²,其中k是正整數。(2)邊長比為1:m: 的直角三角形是lap (m²+1)k²三角形,其中m、k是正整數。
To find repeated figures, we construct a method to search them with the help of algebraic equations. Here we arrive at:1. There are only two kinds of lap 2 convex polygons, triangles and quadrilaterals. (1) The only lap 2 triangle is isogonal right-angled. (2) The only lap 2 quadrilateral is the one that contains angles 45°, 90° and two neighboring sides with the ratio 1: . 2. There are also two kinds of lap 3 convex polygons, triangles and quadrilaterals. (1) The only lap 3 triangle is the one with angles 30°, 60° and 90°. 3. Other kinds of lap k triangles are listed as following: (1) A triangle with angles 30o, 60°, 90° is a lap 3k², the k is a natural number. (2) A right-angled triangle whose ratio is 1 : m : is a lap (m2+1)k², the m and the k are natural numbers.
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噹!噹!噹! 下課的鐘聲又響起,我們一群人吆暍著衝向操場,正準備打球時,忽然間,其中有一位小朋友不小心被榕樹打到頭,在撥開樹枝的同時,卻發現樹枝上長有形狀怪異的葉子,葉子上還有一點一點的小紅點,此時,平時便有「好奇寶寶」之稱的何同學提議找老師幫忙解決疑問,這才明白裡頭住著一種其貌不揚,人稱捲葉高手的小動物─榕管薊馬,而那些在榕樹葉上的紅色斑點稱為「蟲x」,是榕管薊馬蓋房子的主要工具。於是,我們仔細觀察學校裡的榕樹都有薊馬的寄生,可是對榕樹也沒有什麼傷害和影響,想一想有這麼多現成的小薊馬,正好可以拿來做為今年的自然科課外研究,這篇報告就是今年研究薊馬的記錄與發現 。
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寒假中在家裹比較有時間,有一天在客廳看到桌子上有一本「黃曆」魷是「中國民曆」翻翻看裹面所寫的是,有關農曆的日子,好、壞、凶、吉,還有婚嫁的好日子,五穀播種的時期等等。翻到後面一頁,有食物相剋圖所列的,有毛蟹和冰吃了會中毒。饅和梅干吃了也有毒。吃了金瓜和蝦曾下痢。內容警告我們吃東西要小心,同時也有解毒方跋,我起了疑心去問爸爸,他說:「我不清楚你問媽媽吧」媽媽也說:「我也不清楚你去請教老帥吧!」好!我來試試看,請老師指導之下,我們似了下面的實驗。
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同學們在自然教室的水槽裡建造了一個大型水族箱,再利用計步器,搭配浮力原理,製作一個「計數瓶」,可以掛飼料放在水族箱裡,每當魚兒咬飼料的時候,就會觸動計數器,以此了解魚覓食行為的大致情況。接著擴大範圍,先後把計數瓶放在30 條、60 條魚的魚池中40 分鐘,偵測魚咬飼料的次數,藉以找出「魚數量」與「次數」的關係,再把計數瓶放在未知魚數量的魚池中相同時間,就可估算魚的大約數量。藉由這個裝置,同學們估算出中正紀念堂魚池裡的魚數量。另外,發展出「魚密度」(Fish Density, FD),做為大面積水域中魚數量的參考值。定期偵測FD 值,可了解該水域生態正在改善中,或是在惡化中。[註]本實驗的釣魚臺是指計數瓶裡的小元件,與領土爭議無關。
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本次科展作品由三角邊形的魔方陣出發,設定規則如下;在 n 階三角形魔方陣中填入給定數字,使其三個 1n ? 階三角形數字和相等。我們得出如何從 n 階魔方陣推至(n+1)階魔方陣,與給定任意一個 n 階魔方陣,如何填出一組解的方法。遵循著三角形魔方陣的填法,我們可將其推廣在平面任意 m 邊形及正四面體上。前者,我們得到給定任意 n 階 m 邊形填出一組解的方法。後者,則是可由 n 階立體魔方陣推至(n+1)階立體魔方陣;當給定偶數階立體魔方陣時,可利用自創的圓形圖進行求解,文末亦討論了具有特殊性質點的個數。
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無敵風火輪利用高三所學的單晶片課程,加以應用在這次的科學展覽上,利用馬達的加工及人類的視覺暫態來製作出光彩奪目的特殊效果,並且將這種特殊效果應用在日常生活中,為了方便的運用在日常生活上,我們想出可以旋轉的物體來搭配這次專題,利用了生活中最常見的風扇馬達,延伸出三種不同的型式,例如:使腳踏車的輪胎轉動、利用木頭及木板做出水平360度的旋轉效果、以及原始的風扇加以加工來轉出我們所期望的效果。印刷電路板加裝在單車輪胎上,除了可以在夜裡做到醒目的安全措施,也能達到隨機廣告的效果,真是一舉兩得,經濟又實惠,而360度旋轉平台,可以讓每個角度都能夠看的到,最原始的風扇也能顛覆傳統,使得風扇不在那麼單調,如此一來,也讓廣告看板有了更新的突破及多樣化。
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