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一張生紙的世界 (窗門遇雨自動關閉裝置)
媽很兇,大熱天時,不准開窗就不准,記得有一次,夜來風雨聲,樓上樓下成了魚塭”某一個中午,驟雨把一張衛生紙從窗口淋斷掉了下來,我看了,不知怎的,好似心中有一團東西塞著,說不出話來,想著!又想著!過了好一會兒,高興的說:媽呀!我發明了;把窗簾捲起來,用衛生紙困住,夜裹雨來了,衛生紙會幫我們把窗簾掉下來,今天起,我們可以開窗睡覺了。哈哈大笑說:大笨蛋!窗簾可以擋得住雨嗎?莫空想”使我又羞又恨,於是咬緊牙根,想著!又想著!把衛生紙弄來弄去不如不覺中,經過很多次長久的研究.及老師的指導,才做出這個玩意來,我想,老師之功不可無,但國科會之功更不可沒,因為國科會免費輔助我閱讀新知,使我若有所思,也若有所失,這就是同學譏笑我說,外國的牛頓有蘋果掉下來吃.中國的牛頓只吃掉下來的衛生紙,問小黃牛為什麼不吃草。
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在物理課,我們學到了波的各種現象,由於我們希望能有更深一層的暸解,更清楚的觀念,而引起了我們對這些問題探討的興趣。
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台南市政府每年須編列十幾萬元之經費支付市區內約十座數字鐘塔,平均每年每座耗費電費約一萬五千元電費,如果全國有一百座鐘塔,則每年至少耗掉一萬五十萬元以上之電費,‘在此能源短缺之今,實在是一件極須改進之事,基於此一事實,我們提出此一改進方案,在不影響計時顯示,教育社會大眾守時之前提,改進其最消耗能源部分之顯示板,除加強及美化顯示功能外,每台又可節省電能 95 %以上,假如全國都改用,每年至少可節省電費一百多萬!
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使用天平的桿槓原理來量測磁鐵磁力。天平的一邊是磁鐵的吸力,另一邊是塑膠瓶裝水,當天平達到平衡時,水的重量就代表磁鐵的吸力,我們利用這個自己做的工具,進行了許多有關磁力的研究。首先我們用塑膠間隔墊片架高磁鐵和鐵片的距離,發現距離愈小磁力愈大,但並不是等比例的變化;探討不同材料對磁力的阻隔,發現有磁性反應的鐵片,最能阻隔磁力,而無磁性反應的材料,反而不會阻擋磁力;而阻隔鐵片的面積、厚度增加時,阻隔磁力的效果就越好,但並不是一直增加,就可以完全阻隔,有趣的是,到達一定的面積和厚度時,磁力就不再減弱了。
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「膠」流電-黏度及外加電壓對電解質溶液離子暫穩態通道之影響
在本次實驗中,我發現膠狀電解質溶液中的帶電離子,會因為離子團的熱運動,和電偶極的庫倫吸引力 (electric dipole) 的交互作用下,使溶液的I-V curve (電流-電壓曲線),具有類似磁滯曲線(Hysteresis curve) 的效果;而膠狀溶液之濃度越高,電解起始點的對應I-V 值也越大。此外,白金電極與銅箔電極的距離若改變,也會使溶液的I-V curve 變的不一樣。另一方面,我也發現,在給予膠狀電解質溶液一緩慢外加的電壓或衝擊電壓並持續維持此一定額外加電壓時,會因為該溶液的黏度持續增高、帶電離子濃度增高且反應不斷變化下,而使該溶液的對應電壓,形成一重複出現「先降-後升-再降」的震盪現象,且電壓值節節升高。最後,我利用掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)及能量分散光譜儀(EDS)觀察銅箔電極之表面變化並分析其上之化學組成,藉此嘗試解釋上述這些有趣的現象。In this experiment, with the interaction of the heating action of ionic atmosphere and electric dipole, I find that ions in the gel make the I-V curve in the colloid electrolyte liquor show up with the effect similar to Hysteresis curve. The higher concentration of the colloidal solution, the bigger value of I-V at the initial electrolysis reaction was found. Furthermore, the shape of I-V curve is dependent on the distance between platinum electrode and cupper electrode. On the other hand, I find that when I apply a gradual extra-voltage or a fast extra-voltage to the colloidal electrolyte solutions and then maintain to a fixed value, this will make a unique ‘two peaks’ state oscillation of corresponding voltage. The reason is owing to the climbing viscosity and ion concentration in the solution. With the methods of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), I observe the change and analyze the components of chemicals on the surface of the cupper electrodes. Finally, I present the interesting results and try to interpret these phenomena.
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本專題的目的是研究以任意實數 a1 、 a2 、 a3 為起始的M&m Sequences 之穩定性質。我們主要關心的問題是:(1) 是否任給定三數a1 、 a2 、 a3 為起始的M&m 數列皆會穩定?(2) 若上述的M&m 數列穩定,則其穩定的長度與a1 、 a2 、 a3的關係為何?(3) 其穩定的值與a1 、 a2 、 a3的關係為何?我們研究的主要步驟及結果如下︰1. 當1 2 3 a 1) 為起始的M&m 數列。3. 我們證明了下列性質:(1) 若M&m 數列中前n 項所成數列的中位數為n m ,則下式成立: (2) 當存在 k > 4 , k ? N ,使得 ?1 ?2 = k k m m 成立時,則此數列穩定,且穩定長度p 滿足:min{ | 4 } ?1 ?2 = > = k k p k k 且m m ,其中p 必為奇數。(3) { n m }為單調遞增且, 5 1 ? ? ? a m n n n4. 如果x ? 41.625,則{?x,1, x}為起始的M&m 數列,其對應的數列有相同的大小次序且此M&m 數列會穩定,穩定值為41.625,且穩定長度為73。5. 我們觀察發現:如果x 1). 3. We prove the following properties: (1) If the median of the former n numbers of the M&m sequence is n m , we obtain (2) There exist k > 4 , k ? N such that ?1 ?2 = k k m m , then the sequence is stable and the stable length min{ | 4 }?1 ?2 = > = k k p k k and m m , where p must be an odd number. (3) { n m } is monotone increasing and , 5 1 ? ? ? a m n n n . 4. Suppose x ? 41.625, then the all M&m Sequences beginning with –x , 1 , x are the same, and the sequences will be stable, the stable value is 41.625 and the stable length is 73. 5. By the computer experiments, we observe that if x is any positive real number less than 41.625, the M&m Sequence starting with –x, 1, x, will be also stable but does not appear to follow any clearly discernible pattern of behavior. However, the stable lengths are much variant and exist some unknown relation with point format of x. Moreover, we have the following properties: (1)If x is a node, then the stable value is x and the stable length equals to the index of median of the node + 2; (2)Near the branch of 41.625, the stable length is almost a constant except at the edge area,the stable length of (-x,1,x) as x around branch 1 is chaos; (3)If x near the node (K= 3, 5, 7, …, 67, 69), then the stable length is l(K)+K?1 where the positive integral l(K) is determined by Prop1 (see Table 6 and 7).
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為「世紀之毒」找解藥!- 探討以Pseudomonas mendocina 菌株降解污染土壤中戴奧?
本研究採自中石化安順廠戴奧辛污染場址之土壤,篩選出一株純 菌微生物(Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU) , 其含有PCDD/Fs (Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDD/Fs)土壤於實驗室進行微生物降解試驗,結果顯示約21 天即有 明顯降解結果;本研究同時觀察到該微生物能在汞濃度達50 ppm 之 戴奧辛土壤中,仍具有相當程度之耐受度,並進一步降解戴奧辛化合 物。 我更以標準品探討菌種對於戴奧辛類化合物(Dioxin like congener) 之降解效果,成功地發現這株菌種不僅對於PCDD/Fs 有降 解能力,對於戴奧辛類化合物也有明顯之降解效果。 由研究結果,明顯看出P. mendocina 菌株為「世紀之毒」找到了 解藥,開發出以生物復育改善污染環境的一種新方法。A dioxin-degrading bacterial strain Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU was isolated from dioxin contaminated soil by selective enrichment techniques. In our previous study, P. mendocina NSYSU was found to be able to use pentachlorophenol (PCP) as its sole carbon source and energy source and was capable of completely degrading this compound. Moreover, P. mendocina NSYSU was also able to mineralize a high concentration of PCP up to 150 mg/L. In this study, P. mendocina NSYSU was investigated for its ability to degrade polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). Results show that P. mendocina NSYSU could grow well in media containing both PCDFs and PCDDs, and was able to degrade both compounds efficiently. In this study, isotope dilution method and a high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) technique were applied for the analyses of PCDFs and PCDDs. Investigation results reveal that significant biodegradation of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and octachlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) by treating with P. mendocina NSYSU resting cells was observed. The results also indicate that this bacterial strain is able to biodegrade OCDD and OCDF effectively under anoxic conditions due to its facultative anaerobic character. No accumulation of inhibitory toxic byproducts was found in this study. These findings suggest that in situ or on-site bioremediation of dioxin-contaminated soils by using indigenous microorganisms or inoculated P. mendocina NSYSU strain would be a feasible technology for field application.
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在實驗中,我們探討表面張力與最短距離方面的問題,研究肥皂膜形成圖形的物理意義。在我們的觀察中,肥皂膜會於支持物間形成連線,若支持物是三支柱子以上,在其間形成路徑的總和最短。我們試著在多柱體間利用此性質修建最短連線,並利用數學模型及力學原理找出肥皂膜最短路徑的原因。整體的研究過程可以粗略地分成下列幾點:一、驗証最短距離二、利用力學解釋原因三、分析各情形所表示的意義四、理論地預測出最短距離連線圖形。
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本文利用重排 (permutation) 、圈 (cycle) 及階數 (order) 等工具來探討102學年度國中基本學力測驗之中一個有關洗牌次數的問題。在研究過程中,我們定義了記錄撲克牌之排列的符號、洗牌操作σn1n2的重牌符號、重排的圈形式及洗牌次數ord(σ),並探討其相關性質。
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Adapted prematurity in Cuscuta campestris
平原菟絲子(Cuscuta campestris)處在不穩定或養份不足的環境中,吸器(haustorium)的生成個數會明顯減少,並加速開花結果的速率。不同於其他植物的早熟,平原菟絲子早熟時會產生自我寄生(self - parasitism),且結空穗機率明顯較低,顯示其對於不穩定環境的耐受度提高,並提升子代存活機率,稱之為適應性早熟(adapted prematurity)。相對於一般寄生,自我寄生吸器生成時間較一般寄生長,吸器大小並無顯著差異,然而吸器數量較少,且較為深入宿主。起初推論自我寄生為演化中的缺陷,這樣造成其無節制的寄生,對生存有害。但是經過長期的觀察之後,發現其生長狀況並無受到影響,而是週遭環境不穩定,所促使暫時分解自體本身的養分,以度過考驗。
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