電動車是解決空氣污染的重要工具，而高電能容量的電池則是其動力的來源，除了電池的蓄電量，電池的充電速度同時決定了二次電池在電動車上使用的價值，有鑑於一般傳統定壓充電餘充電後期的低壓差導致充電速度減慢且大量拉長充電時間的缺點，本研究以高電能容量的鉛酸電池微研究對象，研究各溶液濃度、溫度、極板條件下的最佳充電電流，並且將各極板、溫度、溶液濃度下的最佳充電電流以變壓差充電充電的程序應用於電池的充電，結果顯示；使用變壓充電程序之鉛酸電池確實可較定壓充電之鉛酸電池節省一半的時間。

This research analyzes goldfish’ (Carassius auratus) environmental preference behavior by setting up different environmental color-models to spur goldfish’reactions. It is investigated that pre-conditioned preference of goldfish was stressed by electric shock or high osmotic pressure. We’re interested in how stress experience modulate goldfish’ exploring behavior and its environmental preference. Goldfish that prefers brown-colored environment (compared with white) is suitable for being an model animal to investigate fish’s environmental preference. Both electric shocks and high osmotic pressure, two different kinds of stress, can affect goldfish’ behavior. It shows that fish have the ability to learn and memorize the stress experience. Besides, different stress has different effects on fish’ environmental preference behavior. It proves that there are complicated interactions among environmental stimulus, memories of stress and behavior caused by different kinds of stress.本研究利用環境色彩特徵的差異，建立朱文錦(Carassius auratus)環境偏好行為之動物模式，探討不同逆境刺激經驗(施予電擊或高滲透壓環境)，與魚類環境偏好行為的交互作用，以研究魚類的逆境經驗，是否可形成記憶，並影響其行為。我們發現朱文錦偏好土色環境(相對於白色環境)，適合作為探討魚類對環境偏好的實驗動物。電擊與高滲透壓兩種不同性質的逆境經驗，皆可影響朱文錦的環境偏好，顯示魚類具有記憶逆境環境的學習能力。此外，不同性質的逆境經驗，對魚類的環境偏好行為具有不同的影響。證明「環境刺激—經驗(記憶)—行為表現」三者之間具複雜的交互作用。

本研究是從五年級下學期自然與生活科技領域中的有關「聲音」的單元出發，從聲音的要素中，找出影響同學為什麼聽不清楚老師在新落成活動中心裡的說話內容，發現原來是「殘響」惹的禍！透過分貝計的響度測量讓我們了解活動中心在裝設隔音板後，殘響時間降低了，而且我們的確覺得聲音聽起來更清晰。最後，透過各種嘗試，我們利用氣球皮、雷射光筆、太陽能板等材料，終於研發出一組能更精確、省時、省力測量出殘響時間的「殘響時間測量儀」。我們利用一整年的假日、放學後、晚上等時間完成有關「殘響」的研究，發現原來聲音是這麼的奧妙、有趣，我們付出再多的辛苦也?得。

Based on environmental protection and new energy development, the energy containing low pollution and having high efficiency becomes more popular. The fuel cell is an emerging technology, which is the reason why it is considered as Green energy. However, high-price membrane electrode assembly (MEA) inhabits the development of fuel cell. Among these components in MEA, platinum-based electrode leads the most cost. We select the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as catalyst support to improve electrode material performance and reduce Pt utilization. But the particle size and dispersion of platinum as well as character of catalyst support may significantly affect the efficiency of electrode.燃料電池因為具備低排放污染、低噪音及高轉換效率等環保特性，故被稱為綠色能源，可取代內燃機作為發電之能源系統。然而燃料電池中觸媒粒徑大小、分散情形以及使用不同的觸媒載體，均有可能會影響其電觸媒的催化效能，所以我們以「觸媒粒徑大小」、「觸媒分散情形」為主軸，著手以下的研究。本實驗在不同的酸鹼值下製備燃料電池的電極材料，並以電子顯微鏡等器材，觀察已披覆在電極上白金觸媒的特性，探討不同酸鹼環境對白金觸媒粒徑大小的影響，並探究白金觸媒粒徑大小與其發電效率的關係。

本實驗是控制奈米碳管的成長條件，研究奈米碳管的成長機制、電子場發射特性。奈米碳管的物理性質會因捲曲度(helicity)、管壁厚度(單層或多層)、管徑所影響，而不同的捲曲度，會形成不同電性(金屬性或半導體性)的奈米碳管。由此可知，探討奈米碳管的成長機制，以控制奈米碳管的穩定成長，及如何長出電性或光學性質相近的奈米碳管，是極為重要之事。為了研究奈米碳管的成長機制，我們使用微波電漿輔助化學氣相沈積法 (Microwave plasma ehanced chemical vapor deposition) ，在市售的縫衣針針尖上，成長奈米碳管，這個技術能夠經由吸收微波達到局部加熱針尖的方式，再透過控制微波功率、通入氣體的種類、壓力的變化以及催化劑的使用，能夠達到有效控制奈米碳管的成長條件。我們改變三個參數：催化劑的使用、氣體種類(Ar+CH4 或N2+CH4)及壓力，之後利用SEM 觀察奈米碳管的成長情形；再測量場發射(測量電性)，討論不同成長的條件與場發射電流關係。

倒地鈴紅椿象在台灣南部平原非常常見，幼蟲及成蟲以植物汁液為主要食物，因多棲息於倒地鈴附近，故有此名。本實驗以學校附近棲地調查及實驗室飼養為主，以初步了解倒地鈴紅椿象生活史、形態特徵、習性、食性及生殖方式。倒地鈴紅椿象體型呈細長橢圓型、橘紅色、雌蟲體型較雄蟲大，具有一對複眼和單眼，口器為刺吸式口器，可吸食植物汁液。外生殖器雌雄有別，雌蟲具有生殖孔，雄蟲則具交尾器，行有性生殖但在實驗室飼養時發現也會行孤雌生殖。倒地鈴紅椿象有群聚的習性，將紙盒劃分成 25 區，以自然光源、暗箱及光源 3V、6V自製實驗器材，在歷時 5 分、10 分、20 分、30 分後，發現群聚的習性來自於個體尋找葉緣及光的本能行為，可能因為群聚可以使個體看起來較大，像是一種警告作用，較不容易被敵人攻擊；冬天時發現倒地鈴紅椿象會以若蟲或成蟲的階段群聚越冬，此時整個群體聚集於植物根部。以倒地鈴紅椿象棲地附近植物餵食倒地鈴紅椿象若蟲及成蟲，以了解其食性，並做為實驗室分齡飼養時的主要食物。採三齡以後若蟲及剛羽化成蟲進行實驗，發現使用棲地附近選取的植物餵食時其死亡率變化並不顯著，但只使用單一食物餵食時死亡率較高，因此在實驗室飼養時建議採倒地鈴果實和咸豐草花混合餵養，並且每日更換食物或使用扦插植株。實驗時發現冬季倒地鈴紅椿象大多數成蟲翅退化無法飛行，非常少數仍然擁有且能飛行，但至六、七月棲地觀察時發現長翅型數量大幅增加，成蟲長翅和短翅的數目會隨季節而改變。研究過程中發現圖書館中有關專門研究椿象的書籍較少，希望本篇報告能引起更多人投入椿象世界的研究；七月時學校利用暑假時間進行校園美化與整理，將倒地鈴紅椿象棲地的『雜草』清除，如此不僅使得綠色植物消失，生活在其中的大部分消費者也遷徙他處，對於生活在此生態系的生物來說真是一場浩劫，我們向學校老師反應後總算保留部分椿象的棲地，希望這個實驗不僅使我們瞭解倒地鈴紅椿象外，也能提醒大家棲地保育的重要性。

本研究以綠水螅為指標生物，研究綠水螅在鉛、銅、鋅、鎳等重金屬毒性下的生理反應。四種重金屬對綠水螅的LC50(30min)分別為：鉛(11.43ppm)、銅(0.78ppm)、鋅(4.40ppm)、鎳(6.12ppm)。各重金屬對綠水螅的致死率隨著濃度的增加而上升，此外重金屬會造成細胞毒性，使綠水螅的觸手及管狀體產生防禦性的退縮反射且活動力減弱，體壁上則有刺絲胞被誘發及皮肌細胞膨脹的現象，顯示體壁細胞已偵測到微量重金屬並產生生理變化。重金屬毒性亦干擾了水螅的再生作用，影響細胞的分裂與個體自癒能力。若混合兩種以上重金屬，會引發加乘的交叉毒性效果，綜合上述結果，可知綠水螅偵測重金屬毒物的敏感度及生理反應的差異性，提出綠水螅作為水質重金屬汙染的指標生物。

現今日常生活充斥著有機污染物，然而處理含有有機污染物的廢水需要極高的成本，有鑑於此，我們參考Fenton Reaction，從成本、毒性、活化能、操作方便性、二次污染及經濟效益的多方考量下，選擇以分子篩來固定鐵、鈷、鎳、錳、鋅之金屬離子，並決定以鐵分子篩為研究主軸，並探討其催化過氧化氫對有機物的分解。鑒於粉末狀的分子篩容易流失，我們以陶土固定分子篩，製作成反應杯槽，發現了分子篩與陶土的結合性。接著藉由二氧化碳感測器及光譜儀來感測有機物的分解速率，在控制溫度，濃度等條件下，探討分解有機物的反應及其反應時的特性。由實驗結果得知，分子篩能有效分解簡單醇類、氯仿、四氯化碳及indigo。使用0.35克陶土鐵分子篩，1M 以下的雙氧水50ml，其分解異丙醇所生成二氧化碳的速率可達0.34-0.55ppm/sec 之間（3.1-4.9×10-9mol/sec），此外有機氯化物分解後生成無毒性的氯離子；indigo染料分解後褪色。本實驗證實，陶土鐵分子篩：一、可以重複使用；二、可在較低濃度環境下運作；三、在酸性較弱環境下運作；四、可在低溫環境下運作(10℃)；五、不須對大量鐵離子做沉澱回收的工作（此五點優於Fenton Reaction）。相較於TAML 等人工合成的催化劑雖有避免污染的優點，但卻有無法重複使用的缺點，綜合以上幾點看來，陶土鐵分子篩在操作方便性及經濟與環境保護上具有相當的潛力及價值。With organic pollutants everywhere and the high cost to dispose of them, this study, a two-stage experiment, aimed first to evaluate the efficiency of zeolite with different metal ions and then to compare their rates in reacting to the decomposition of organic matter with hydrogen peroxide as the catalyst. Since zeolite powder can be easily washed away, we tested zeolite with clay to hold such metal ions as Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Zn and finally used the Argillaceous Fe-zeolite for its superiority on the basis of cost, toxin, activation energy, easy operation, and contamination. A carbon dioxide sensor and a spectrometer for visible light were used to measure the decomposition rate of organic matter under controlled temperature and resolution concentrations. The results of the experiments showed that zeolite achieved excellent effects in decomposing organic chlorides such as lower alcohols, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. When 0.35g of zeolite and less than 1M of hydrogen peroxide resolution were used the rate of carbon dioxide production reached 0.34-0.35 ppm/sec (3.1-4.9x10-9 mol/sec). The decomposition of organic chloride produced nontoxic Cl and the indigo dye faded after it was decomposed. Our experiments proved that Argillaceous Fe-zeolite has the following five advantages over Fenton Reaction. First, it can be reused. Second, it performed well at lower concentrations. Third, it worked well under weak acid conditions. Fourth, it worked at a lower temperature (20℃). And finally, there was no need to recycle a large amount of Fe ions. Argillaceous Fe-zeolite was also found to be superior to TAML, which has the advantage of avoiding contamination but is not reusable. The above observation and discussion demonstrate that Argillaceous Fe-zeolite possesses very significant value in terms of easy application, economy, and environmental protection.

a. Purpose of the Research Nowadays people are getting unhealthy, especially the heart. Since the outbreak of SARS, the Hong Kong citizens cared more about their health. In the past two decades, due to the technological advancement, many medical instruments that were used by doctors are now available to the public. One of the examples is the sphygmomanometer used for measuring blood pressure. On the other hand, very few heart monitoring devices are developed for public use. As a result, there is a need that such heart monitors should be available to the public. b. The device Our device is a modified stethoscope, which electronic components are added to this common medical instrument. The device mainly consists of 3 parts: 1. The sensor: modified from ordinary stethoscope, which a condenser microphone is added to change the heart sounds into electrical signals 2. The signal processor: integrated circuits and resistor-capacitor couples, which the cost is much lower than digital electronic components, are used to amplify and filter the noise in the electrical signals. The processor is divided into 3 stages: - Preamplifier: Amplifies the electrical signals converted from heart sounds - Low pass filter: Filters the noise in the signal. The cut-off frequency is 600Hz, which most of the heart sounds are below 600Hz. - Power amplifier: Amplifies the filtered signals before outputting into computers or earphones. 3. The output devices: it can be a computer or an earphone. In a computer, the heart sounds can be converted into graphs, enabling precise graphical analysis. Since many abnormal heart conditions will alter the heart sounds, with the aid of computers and graphs, people can know whether their hearts are normal or not, and can seek for medical support before developing any critical situation. Moreover, abnormal heart sounds are more significant in graphs, so any heart problems can be discovered more easily. c. Data During an exhibition in Hong Kong, about 1000 people tried the device. Among them approximately 150 people were confirmed to have heart problems with abnormal heart sounds. Using our device, we discovered 109 of them. As a result, the accuracy of the device is about 72.6% d. Conclusion With the low cost of our device (~€9.80/US$12.80), everyone would be able to afford it. As a result, people can check their conditions of their hearts more frequently, and would be able to discover any early heart problems.

在一次偶然的機會中發現投入水中的雞蛋會在加了鹽巴之後上浮，我好奇的去問老師，當時老師告訴我是因為溶解度影響了溶液的密度而使浮力改變。我便想趁此機會探討溶解度與溫度的關係，又在查資料的過程中發現“浮況子”的實驗很有趣，於是我聯想到可以利用改變溫度造成溶解度的變化進而影響物體的浮況，再利用此原理做出趣味的浮力溫度計。