The Latin American and Caribbean regions have one of the biggest cultivable areas in the world, calculated at around 576 million hectares. Nevertheless, 16% of this land its affected by a kind of soil degradation. Previous studies have shown that the vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) can fix phosphorus and other elements to plants, is an important micronutrients transporter, increases the water potential of plants, can bioremediate the lands affected and prevents lixivation. These effects are very convenient and can replace the chemical fertilizers which produce collateral damage to the environment. For the reasons mentioned above, this prototype for the production of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizae, denominated as a biofertilizer, is presented. The prototype consists of an aeroponic system which disperses, in aerial form, nutrients to the host/trap plant roots where the fungus produces its mycelium web. The fungus propagation consists of an artificial union of isolated and identified spores of the mycobiont ,which we want to propagate, with the trap plant roots. The specimen identification consisted in a staining and clarification method (Phillips- Hayman), and a taxonomical identification. In order to prove the (VAM) benefits, two experiments using Sorghum spp. were carried out. One consisted of a comparison between the plants with VAM and a control without VAM. The second one consisted of a chemical comparison between control/fertilizer/ VAM plants. These two experiments were subjected to a water stress test for 10 days. The prototype achieved a production of roots mycorrhizae between 50-65% of colonization. The taxonomic identification corroborated that the mycobionts propagated and the controls were the same species. Experiment One demonstrated that the mycorrhizae treatment has more height, stem diameter, fresh/dry weight than the control which doesn't have VAM. We also conducted the Student’s t Test to check the previously mentioned hypothesis. In Experiment Two, the control and fertilizer treatments had a similar percentage of Nitrogen and Potassium, and the mycorrhizae treatment significantly increased these two elements; nevertheless, the fertilizer and mycorrhizae treatment obtained a similar percentage of Phosphorous. The water stress test was for 10 days - one month after planting. The results were: the fertilizer and mycorrhizae treatment had the same resistance to the stress, the mycorrhizae recovered faster from the stress and the control specimens presented a lower shrivel percentage than the other plants. One of the principal gains which this prototype has is that the trap plant doesn't die after collection, and the plant only needs to be inoculated once in the plant’s life because we only prune the roots. In nature 90% of plant species present some type of mycorrhizae association, hence the feasibility of this prototype for introduction, use and application of the fungus as a biofertilizer. 1 Centro de Bachillerato Tecnologico Industrial y de servicios N°24 2 Instituto Tecnologico de Ciudad Victoria

本研究探討運用磁場來達到非接觸煞車的功能，本實驗採用兩種方式來探討磁煞車力，分別為馬達有外加電流及沒有外加電流的情況。首先本實驗提供一穩定的電源使鋁盤轉動，觀察加上磁場及把電源切掉後鋁盤轉速的變化。實驗發現，當馬達沒有外加電流時，磁煞車力與轉速及磁場平方皆成正比；馬達有外加電流時，電流差會與轉速平方差成正比。探討磁煞車力與厚度及介質的關係，實驗結果發現，渦電流常數與厚度成正相關，且當兩片鋁片中夾有介質時，渦電流常數較小。 This experiment is based on the magnetic brake’s practical uses and braking forces. We want to calculate the braking force, and also examine the factors that cause the braking force to differ.We attached a metal disk to a motor to make the disk rotate, then we control the distance between the magnet and the metal disk, therefore measuring the relativity of the distance and the rotational speed. We discovered that when the metal disk received a large quantity of the magnetic field (close distance), the breaking force and the rotational speed increased. On the other hand, when the metal disk received a small amount of the magnetic field (far distance), the breaking force and the rotational speed decreased. The magnetic braking force will convert into kinetic energy, thus, by using this connection and also by increasing the electric current to measure the resistance, we calculated the magnitude of the magnetic braking force. Hence we perceived an inverse ratio between distance and the braking force, that is to say, the closer the distance, the stronger the magnetic braking force; the further the distance, the weaker the magnetic braking force.

At the website “MathLinks EveryOne,” we found a problem “Snakes on a chessboard,” which was raised by Prof. Richard Stanley. The following is the problem. A snake on the m n chessboard is a nonempty subset S of the squares of the board with the following property: Start at one of the squares and continue walking one step up or to the right, stopping at any time. The squares visited are the squares of the snake. Prove that the total number of ways to cover an m × n chessboard with disjoint snakes is a product of Fibonacci numbers. We call the total number of ways to cover a chessboard with disjoint snakes “the snake-covering number.” This problem hasn’t been solved since it was posted on September 18, 2004, so it aroused our interest to study it. First, we used the way in which we added each block to the chessboard, and therefore we discovered some regulations about the snake-covering number of the1 × n , 2 × n and 3 × n chessboard. Through “recursive relation” and “mathematical induction”, we proved the general term of the snake-covering number of the1 × n , 2 × n and 3 × n chessboard. In the following study, we found a key method in which we added a group of blocks to the chessboard. Finally, we proved the general term of the snake-covering number of the m × n chessboard. Also, we discovered the way to figure out the snake-covering number of the nonrectangular chessboard.在網站“ MathLinks EveryOne ”中，我們找到了一個有趣的問題“棋然上的蛇” ( Snakes on a chessboard ) ，這個問題是由教授 Richard Stanley 所提出。問題如下：在m x n棋盤形格子上，蛇由任意一格出發，但蛇的走法只能往右 → ，往上↑，或停住 ‧ 若此蛇已停住，將由另一條蛇來走，且不同蛇走過的格子不可重疊”證明：將 m × n 棋盤形格子完全覆蓋的總方法數為費氐（ Fibonacci ）數列某些項的乘積。我們將把棋盤形格子完全覆蓋的所有方法數稱之為“蛇填充數” 由於這個問題自從 2004年 9 月 18 日被登在網站上後，還沒有人提出解答，於是引發了我們研究的興趣。首先，我們使用了將一個一個格子加到棋盤上的方法，並發現了 l × n 、 2 x n、 3 × n 棋盤形格子蛇填充數的一些規律。我們使用遞迴關係及數學歸納法來證明 l x n 、 2 x n ， 3 × n 棋盤形格子蛇填充數的一般項。在接下來的研究中我們發現一個特別的方法，一次增加數個方塊 ‧ 最後我們證明了，m x n, ，棋然形格子的蛇填充數的一般項 ‧ 而且，我們也找到如何求出不規則棋盤形格子的蛇填充數。

市售螢光棒琳瑯滿目，其棒身主體分有內、外兩管：內管裝填強氧化劑，外管則有螢光發光物種及染料，而螢光棒的色彩多是由染料顏色所決定。利用氧化劑將螢光物種激發而放出能量，此能量以光的形式放出即是螢光棒的發光原理。為求螢光發光效益增加，添加不同金屬離子於螢光溶液中，發現A 族金屬離子、鹽類溶液中的陰離子對於螢光放射沒有直接的影響，而B 族過渡金屬離子在具有成對電子、反磁性質的條件時，能增強螢光強度；此外，純粹添加氨水亦可得到一強烈的螢光效果，此應與螢光物種結構剛硬化使強度增強有關。

本研究主要針對肥皂的製程以及天然清潔劑－茶籽粉進行分析比較，並得結合兩者的優點形成我們的產物－茶籽肥皂。本研究的重點主要分為五個部分，﹙一﹚針對理化課本上的肥皂實驗進行改良﹙二﹚收集市面的清潔劑資料並進行問卷調查﹙三﹚製作茶籽紛及茶籽肥皂﹙四﹚茶籽肥皂與其他清潔劑性質測試實驗﹙五﹚茶籽肥皂的問卷調查。

我們在水波實驗中，發現水的深度會影響波的傳播速度，但不知其間的關係如何。為求充分了解，於是設計一實驗，以便進一步探討水深與波速的規律性。

Generally speaking in order for a exotic plant life to dominate over the local ecology, the following factors must hold true: 1. A close proximity of the environment (including geographical and climatic factors) 2. A lack of nature enemy and competitor 3. A strong reproductive and adaptability capacity. Base on the above factors, We will be using Field Observation record, Sample placement, virtual environment factor experiment and other methods to conducing our investigation. This study shown the African Touch-Me-Not（Impatiens wallerana） has a strong reproductive and adaptability capacity. Even under adverse condition the African Touch-Me-Not survive for a period of time. It can produce flowers then fruits all year round, within each fruit there is on average 45 seeds with, under the right condition, near 100% germination rate. It can also reproduce asexually via cutting. Taiwan’s warm and humid geographical condition is similar to its origin of Africa. And so far haven’t found any obvious natural enemy. In the future this plant will be likely to spread on the low to mid. level mountain region. It also can be seen that the divergence within its habitat is low. Therefore it will decrease the variety, the density and the diversification of the local eco-system. Here to advise the government’s forestry and agriculture department, to study the relevant ecological information on this species, when they are considering popularization this plant. Using the information to evaluate the impact of this plant may have on the environment, and use it as a guideline for their plant conservation policy. 一般而言，外來植物入侵本地原生植群成功的條件有：一、相似的環境（包括地理、氣候等因素）。二、缺乏天敵及競爭對手。三、旺盛的繁殖力和適應力。針對上述條件，利用野外觀察記錄、樣區設置及模擬環境因子實驗等方法，來探討非洲大鳳仙未來是否會在臺灣蔓延、擴展進而影響本土的生態系。結果顯示非洲大鳳仙有旺盛的繁殖力和適應力，?使在不利的環境下，短時間不會死亡。一年四季皆可開花結果，每粒果實平均有四十五粒種子。環境適宜時，有接近百分之百的萌發率，亦可用莖進行無性繁殖。另外，臺灣溫暖多雨的地理環境亦與其原產地非洲相似，且未發現明顯天敵，未來極有可能在中低海拔山區蔓延。調查也發現它生長的地區岐異度明顯偏低，使其他植物種類、密度減少，生物多樣性降低。因此建議政府、森林、園藝和農業工作人員在推廣時，多吸取相關物種的生態學資訊，評估其對環境可能造成之影響，以作為植物保育之重要參考。

本實驗為觀察大擬步行蟲(俗稱麵包蟲)食用蕨類後的行為、生長發育及對其變態的影響。首先利用校園內常見的蕨類(毛蕨、鳳尾蕨)、不同部位(小葉、葉柄、孢子)及供應質量的不同，探討其對麵包蟲影響的差異，之後並根據測量麵包蟲的活動力來驗證蕨類影響其化蛹的機制，最後更進一步利用高中所學的化學分析方法來探討此可能潛藏的蕨類代謝產物的性質。我們發現毛蕨及鳳尾蕨中都含有某代謝產物會抑制麵包蟲化蛹及致死，其中以毛蕨的效果較顯著，而根據研究結果此物質應為脂溶性，在毛蕨各部位中比例不同，且濃度上升時，其效果亦顯著上升，此外，我們也藉由測量麵包蟲活動力的實驗，說明毛蕨可能含有擬青春激素，且其有維持麵包蟲活動力之功能；反言之，未食用蕨類之正常麵包蟲的活動力下降可能和青春激素分泌量的下降有關。

在去年寒假中我們曾經到過台北桃園一帶的魚池去垂釣，發現到魚體上常有許多白色毛狀物。請教老師以後才得知該魚是患有水黴病。因該病發生的時間多數在冬末春初至四、五月間，也正當魚卵孵化稚魚大量繫殖的季節，所以常見有魚卵及稚魚因水徽病的發生而大量死亡，對國民經濟影響甚鉅，為了要更瞭解水黴病對魚體影響，因此我們便開始作這方面之研究。

罹患神經母細胞瘤的兒科病人，尤其是罹患stage IVs 神經母細胞瘤者，他們有些伴隨著非常嚴重的貧血，但卻檢測不出神經母細胞瘤已經侵犯骨髓；有時病情來勢洶洶，尤其是腫瘤細胞中已可偵測到N-myc 基因增幅者，診斷時腫瘤細胞可能已在腹腔四處擴散並已侵犯大部分的肝臟。但是，某些這種病患，特別是腫瘤細胞中N-myc 基因沒增幅者，即使在沒有治療的狀況下卻可能有自然恢復的現象，也就是腫瘤細胞會自動消退，但原因仍待進一步的證實與探討。可是，這些病人在其病情最嚴重的時候，骨髓內紅血球母細胞形態上的改變顯示可能與病毒感染有關。但是關於病毒來源的研究，現有的資訊仍然十分有限，其中最重要的是，病毒感染與引發其後天之免疫作用是否有關，更需要深層的研究。因此，為更進一步了解罹患神經母細胞瘤之兒科病人的病毒感染及病毒蛋白表現的作用，我們這次研究的目的在檢驗罹患神經母細胞瘤及貧血之兒科病人與微小病毒B19 (PVB19)、Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)、腸病毒71 型(EV 71)和巨細胞病毒(CMV)的關係，以及病毒蛋白表現對這些病人的作用與臨床意義。In pediatric patients with neuroblastoma, in particular, those with stage IVs neuroblastoma, sometimes the disease was combined with severe anemia. However, no tumor involvement was detected in the bone marrow. Although some of these patients may have N-myc gene amplification, and the disease could have invaded many abdominal organs, especially liver, interestingly, the disease might regress spontaneously in some of these patients. The medical reason of the spontaneous regression, nonetheless, remains to be determined. It is worth noting that morphological changes of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow have suggested virus infection in these pediatric patients. However, the available information of viral origin is limited. Furthermore, it is possible that the virus infection in these patients could be associated with the revocation of immune responses related to the spontaneous regression of the tumor. In this study we will investigate the relationship of parvovirus B19 (PVB19), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), enterovirus 71 (EV71) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) with neuroblastoma by PCR in Taiwanese pediatric patients. Moreover, we will study the effect and the clinical significance of viral gene expression as well as N-myc gene amplification in these patients.

條件反射是什麼呢？條件反射為生理學中的一種行為過程。在特定環境中，因強化作用而使某種應答的出現頻率增加，且更為規律。所謂強化是指為求得預期的應答而提供一種天然刺激或人為獎賞。在這個實驗中，我們欲探討「生物在不同環境中學習行為表現將有何不同」，於是觀察紅球魚、黑尾太陽魚與孔雀魚在接受餵食時的行為，並持續注意其長期所表現出的現象，最後結論是不論任何魚種條件反射之學習曲線相近，再學習情形皆明顯加快。

蛋殼膜的主要成份是蛋白質，含有豐富的胺基酸，其結構上的特殊官能基胺基（─NH2 ）和羧基（─COOH）對金屬離子具有螯合作用，而且難溶於水。實驗結果顯示蛋殼膜粉對於帶正電的金屬離子(包括H+離子)以及食用色素，皆能有良好的吸附效果。此外我們發現H+離子與金屬離子存在著競爭關係，在較酸的環境下，即使銅離子濃度比氫離子濃度大100倍時，蛋殼膜粉仍優先吸附氫離子。蛋殼膜粉對離子的螯合能力比較為H+＞Cu2+＞Co2+＞Ni2+。以蛋殼膜粉螯合Cu2+離子而言，最小偵測極限可達10-4M。蛋殼膜粉螯合金屬離子與吸附色素的過程為一個可逆反應，利用較高濃度的酸性水溶液，使反應逆向進行達到再生，再生的蛋殼膜粉仍然具有螯合銅離子與吸附色素的能力。