The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the floral biology of Jatropha curcas Linn. as well as its possible pollinators, (2) the correlation between the number of pollen on stigma and the frequency of floral visitors, (3) the attractiveness of essential oil extracts from three species of Lamiaceae, i.e. Hyptis suaveolens, Plectranthus ambonicus and Orthosiphon aristatus, to Apis florae, (4) the repellent effect of crude extracts from three species of Graminae, i.e. Imperata cylindrica, Eleusine indica and Dactyloctenium aegyptium, on Polyphagotarsonemus latus, and (5) the effect of appropriate combination between lamiacean essential oil and graminaceous crude extract on the percentage of fruit setting and insect pest protection. \r Jatropha curcas is monoecious plants with tiny male and female flowers borne on the same paniculate cyme. One plant produces 15-30 inflorescence. Each inflorescence composes of 70-120 florets, and only 4-8 florets are successfully setting fruits. Each flower takes approximately 17 days in developing from floral bud till floral opening. The appropriate time for pollination is from 09.00 am to 10.00 am. While bees, wasps, hornets, flies and dragonflies are its potential pollinators, mites, aphids and worms are its harmful insect pests. \r Three volumetric, 1, 3, 6 and 9 ml, of each essential oil extracts were separately sprayed on each observed inflorescence. According to the experiment, 6 and 9 ml of each of the essential oil extracts give similar effective outcome, However, The H. suaveolens extract at 6 ml is the most effective attractant for A. florae. because it uses less of the oil extracts.\r Four concentrations, 0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 % and 2.0 % of each of the crude extracts from three graminaceous plants were sprayed on each tested plants separately. Concentations above 1.0% consistently provided an effective biocidal activity against Imperata cylindrica , however 1.0% is accecptable. because it uses a reduced level of the crude extracts\r The combination of H. suaveolens’s essential oil and I. cylindrica crude extract both significantly enhanced fruit setting of J. curcas and protected the plant from Polyphagotarsonemus latus without adverse effect on its pollinators.

1. Purpose of the research: Recovering bioethanol from fruit wastes by using brewing yeast and enzyme Viscozyme L\r 2. Procedures: Four different experiments were conducted in our project.\r Experiment-1: Samples in RM by the addition of only S.Cerevisia.\r Experiment-2: Samples in RM broth meduim by the addtion of 100 μl/g ViscozymeL and S. Cerevisiae\r Experiment-3 : ViscozymeL with different concentration\r Experiment-4: to determenine whether the enzyme with high concentration inhibited the fermentation.\r Analysis of ethanol: HPLC method was used for the analysis;\r HPLC method: (high performance liquid chromatography)\r 3. Data\r HPLC measured initial and final concentrations of glucose and ethanol by the addtion of S. Cerevisiae.\r Initial glucose concentration and final ethanol concentration was the highest in Grape pulp 12 and 9 g/L respectively. Despite the glucose concentration was the lowest, the ethanol concentration was quite high (7 g/L) in the mixture with orange. The lowest ethanol was produced in the mixture with pomegranate.\r Concentrations of ethanol and glucose from the samples in RM broth meduim by the addtion of 100 μl/g ViscozymeL and S. Cerevisiae\r After the 24 hour incubation by the addition of enzyme glucose concentration incresed by 1, 4 and 2 respectively in sample 1, 2 and 3. The ethanol concentrations in comparison to first experiment were higher especially in the sample1 (grape pulp).\r Effect of ViscozymeL with different concentration on glucose production.\r The glucose concentration generally increased by the addition of 200 micro L of enzyme as the time proceeded. In grape pulp sample glucose concentartion didnt increased by the addition of 500 micro L enzyme.\r The remaning glucose and produced ethanol concentrations by the addition of viscozyme L with two different concentartion and S. Cerevisiae\r As the concentartion of enzyme added incresed the amout of ethanol also inreased in sample 2 and 3 but in the sample 3 the fermentation was inhibited.\r 4. Conclusions\r In this study sugars in fruit wastes that are regularly not recylecled were fermented successfully into ethanol by using S. Cerevisiae.\r Generally we get more ethanol from the samples when the enzyme was used. As the graph5 shows the ethanol concentration generally increased as the enzyme concentration increased. But especially in the sample1 (mixture with pomegranate) at 200 and 500 micro liter concentrations, ethanol production were 2 and 0 g/L respectively. In the light of this daha we conluded that the enzyme with high concentartion might inhibit the fermentation. When the activity of enzyme was inhibited by keeping the pretreated enzyme in boiling water, the fermentation restarted and recovered more ethanol; 8 and 12 g/L at the enzyme concentration of 200 and 500 microliter respectively.

一般常用的秤都是利用指針的擺動，在刻度盤上指出數值，不但容易發生誤差，使顧客懷疑商人對總價計算是否正確，中增加了心理負擔，並且也浪費了不少寶貴時間。本秤是利用電子邏輯電路，精確的顯示出單價、重量及總價有計算準確、速度最快、信用可靠之效。這樣無形，具有計算準確、速度最快、信用可靠之效。

淤泥的處理和再生能源的議題近年來大受重視，本研究首先利用校園生態池底泥自製微生物燃料電池（Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell，SMFC），進行前置實驗，確認此裝置可產電且電壓為泥土中的菌所產生，才能進行接續的探討。在前置實驗中，我們進行新舊土、陰陽極中間的隔層材料的電壓大小比較，進而找出發電效率最高的設置條件。根據前置實驗的結果，我們改良裝置，結合魚缸和底泥微生物燃料電池，設計出一個會發電與自循環的小型生態缸，並分別針對魚種、電極種類、電極表面積、底泥種類、添加硝化菌進行電壓大小或菌數的比較，並以串連方式提高電動勢，結果發現利用底泥微生物的確可作為生態缸的發電源，且不影響魚的生存，未來將可應用在發展發電與自循環的魚缸上，也可擴大應用範圍至野外溪流與湖泊。

師教我們玩了一個圍棋的數學遊戲-「兵臨城下」，看似公平的遊戲，其實暗藏玄機。利用倒推法，我們一盤一盤的進行分析，終於在努力研究和老師的討論中，找到了其中的奧祕：（一）、一路玩法必勝絕招：掌握n＋1這個必勝點，就要掌握到n＋1的倍數，即可掌握優勢取最後一顆而致勝。（二）、二路玩法必勝絕招：掌握到對稱的盤型，或利用餘數判斷法，使兩路餘數相等。（三）、三路玩法必勝絕招：利用餘數判斷法掌握五個關鍵必勝點：（0,0,0）（0,1,1）（0,2,2）（0,3,3）（1,2,3）。（四）結合數學二進位法的運用。（五）進行遊戲的改良和設計：除可增加為n路玩法外，雙方還可以任意先擺好棋子，再開始互相進攻，以增加遊戲的趣味性和變化。

在機械系統中，物件表面常產生磨損，但重要物件的磨損將會危及系統的操作及安全。本研究建立了表面磨損自動偵測警告系統，該系統包含監測系統、無線射頻資料讀取器、被動式無線射頻識別標籤(tag)、及電磁波隔離層等，並採”故障觸發”之方式運作。亦即在物件之表面下特定深度埋設有被動式無線射頻識別標籤，但該標籤外層覆有一層隔離層可隔絕該射頻資料讀取器之電磁波。 當物件表面尚未被磨損到特定深度前，讀取器之電波無法穿透電磁波隔離層而激發無線射頻識別標籤，因此無法讀到識別標籤之信息，系統將判定物件磨損狀況良好。等該物件過度磨損時，會把該電磁波隔離層磨除掉，使讀取器之電波可激發無線射頻識別標籤，而讀取到識別標籤內含之信息，系統因此可判別哪一個物件已有嚴重磨損之狀況，而自動提出警告信號。由於使用被動式識別標籤及故障觸發方法，本系統具有體積小、免電池、免維護、成本低、誤判率低等優點。測試結果以車輛輪胎的磨損為對象，證實本系統可以即時有效的偵測到車胎之過度磨損，保障行車之安全。

市面上有許多省水器材，我們研發的環保水龍頭省水效果更佳。學校要求進行營養午餐前需先洗手，校園中高年級男生洗手用水量普遍比女生較少，但仍需1 公升以上的水量，若於學校安裝省水龍頭則可達到省水效果，以集中式水柱且噴霧的省水頭效果最佳，約需480毫升水量。利用自製環保省水龍頭可達到比噴霧式省水頭更好的省水節能效果，僅需約300毫升水量即可洗淨手。在製作環保水龍頭時，應注意進氣孔的位置及大小，以製作於瓶蓋且口徑等於出水吸管為佳。可利用凸出的出水管來控制流速，出水管愈長，流水量愈大。環保水龍頭是利用環保材質自製而成，花費少，再加上安裝方便，將水管接上水龍頭即可，是個值得在校園中推廣的節水方式。

本實驗中採用自製的甲殼素吸附金屬離子，發現在0.04M、pH4、25℃、45分鐘時添加了戊二醛的甲殼素對銅離子有最好吸附效果。其中甲殼素在不同濃度的銅離子中，濃度越低對銅離子的吸附量會越少。而在添加戊二醛改質甲殼素以形成網絡型結構方面，隨著戊二醛添加量的增加，甲殼素對銅離子吸附量隨之增加。時間對銅離子吸附量的影響發現，GA2在10到40分時吸附最快速，約在45分時達平衡。在甲殼素克數對銅離子的吸附量影響發現，大約在0.8克時吸附可達平衡。甲殼素在不同pH對銅離子吸附量的影響方面在越偏酸性的環境下吸附效果最佳。

實驗發現圓翅鍬形蟲飼養條件的物化因子均有差異，大圓翅生活史超過1 年， 6 種\r 圓翅屬雄蟲形態有分化現象，大圓翅、中華圓翅及紅圓翅分化明顯，另外三種較相似，但仍\r 有分化。大圓翅、中華圓翅、紅圓翅及小圓翅外生殖器有明顯分化，確信具生殖隔離，其他\r 二種差異不明顯，目前無法判斷是否具生殖隔離。\r 粒線體DNA 之COI 序列顯示大圓翅與其它5 種親緣最遠，其次是中華圓翅。泥圓翅\r 與洞口泥圓翅親緣接近，有地理分佈關連性但無重疊性，顯示二者的演化關係，但無法確立\r 種化。紅圓翅與小圓翅親緣關係最接近，有地理分佈關連與重疊性，顯示二者種化與演化關\r 係。綜合結果與討論推論出臺灣產6 種鍬形蟲祖先來自中國，地理隔離形成後在臺灣自行演\r 化成現今的物種。

The objective of this project is to investigate styrene butadiene rubber(SBR), which is the most important synthetic rubber. The project contains production methods, properties, safety methods and applications for emulsion SBR. The goal is to determine which production technique of SBR is the most beneficial. This is based on the chemical and physical properties of the final product and its quality. The process that is used in the project is emulsion SBR with combined coagulation stripping. The rubber production plant is a profitable venture. The total capital cost is estimated around $31,361,572, with an annual production cost of about $67,281,378 yearly, generating revenues of $73,801,760 per fiscal year, with an interest rate of 5%. The life of the plant is 15 years and would produce 50,000 ton/year.

本省有許多地名，常讓人直接聯想到她的特色，如「北港」的古廟與香火，鹿港的先民文物與風俗、布袋的艷陽與鹽田、花蓮的懸崖斷壁與蜿蜒的山路等或與地方的民俗有關，或因其自然環境而聞名。而一提到宜蘭，任何人都會想到綿綿的陰雨與潮濕，也就是人們常掛在口頭的「竹風蘭雨」中的「蘭雨」。這個因天然氣候而亨譽的特稱是如何被冠上的呢？蘭雨！蘭雨！蘭陽地區的雨真的特別多嗎？對於生長在蘭陽平原的孩子來說，這個問題給了我們莫大的好奇與研究興趣。

Nano-sized calcium phosphate was used in the synthesis of starch-based composite plastics to provide a cheap but sturdier biodegradable alternative to petroleum derived plastics used in film packaging. Nano-sized calcium phosphates were produced from the precipitation reaction of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2 ‧ 4H2O) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The nanoparticles were co-extruded and molded with thermoplastic starch (TPS) at ratios of 0%, 1%, and 5% by mass. Tensile strength and elongation percentage of the resultant composite plastics were tested in three replicates. The results show that there is a significant difference between the tensile strengths of the 0% and 5% calcium phosphate composites at a 5% level of significance. The trend between the composite’s tensile strength and percentage calcium phosphate follows a geometric progression, enabling a projection for the 10% nano-calcium phosphate to have a tensile strength of 10 MPa, the average tensile strength for low-density polyethylene (LDPE). This shows that it is feasible to synthesize a 10% nano-calcium phosphate-TPS plastic that can be a viable substitute for LDPE plastics in film packaging, paving the way for the commercialization of starch-based plastics. The use of biodegradable plastics with improved physical characteristics will lessen consumer dependence on petroleum derived plastics and solve the environmental issues brought about by the use of such plastics.