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熱門關鍵字: the king 水果 豆漿 電腦
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方塊田田又填填

設有一組數列定義{ai,j,l},如下: 1. a1,1,1=0 2. ai,j,l規定: (1)除了a1,j,l,a2,j,l,a3,j,l,…,ai-1,j,l的整數不能再出現外的最小非負整數。 (2) 除了ai,1,l,ai,2,l,ai,3,l,…,ai,j-1,l的整數不能再出現外的最小非負整數。本研究首先發現 ai,j,l=aj,i,l,ai,i,l=0,ai,j,l=j-1,a2,j,l=(j-1)-(-1)j。並發現下列現象,並構造Al,r方塊。 Al,1=[0],Al,2=[01 10],Al,3=[0123 1032 2301 3210],設Al,r成立,Al,r=[ai,j,l]2k-lx2k-1xl,A*l,r=[bi,j,l]2k-lx2k-1xl,則bi,j,l=ai,j,l+2r-l Al,r方塊分割成4個方塊,Al,r=[Bl,r-l Cl,r-l Dl,r-l El,r-l] ,則Al,r=[Bl,r-l B*l,r-l B*l,r-l Bl,r-l] 。本研究發現方塊的對稱,主對角線,次對角線的性質,並利用二進位法尋找ai,j,l的一般式1l。本研究並延伸到三維空間,發現三維方塊的構造、三維的軸對稱、三維空間最小步數的奇偶性及以二進位法探討三維空間一般式。

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星系團照妖鏡

我們藉由電腦模擬來研究宇宙微波背景輻射中之Sunyaev-Zel’dovich 效應,以探討星系團及宇宙的一些根本性質。重要的發現有: 以上的結果,將可在短期的未來直接應用在許多期待中的觀測結果上,以揭開星團的總質量、質量密度、以及宇宙中的黑暗能量等神祕面紗。 We study the important properties of the galaxy clusters and our universe by using numerical simulations for the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect in the Cosmic Microwave Background. We found that: These results can be applied to the observations in the near future, in order to reveal the total mass of clusters, their mass density profile, and the dark energy of our universe.

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探討茶液成分受光及貯存時間之影響

Tea is the most widely accepted and consumed beverage worldwide due to its characteristic aroma and taste. Recent studies have provided the strong scientific basis for understanding the health promoting effects and cancer preventive actions of tea. The components of tea especial the catechins are varied with the conditions of making tea. To understand and determine the chemical composition of tea is very important. Some investigations of the parameters on the storage and making of tea were carried on in this study. The kinds of tea studied were including black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and instant tea bags. A high performance liquid chromatograph combined with UV detector and mass spectrometer used to analyze the components of tea. The results showed that the composition of tea solution is dependant of the exposure of light. One of the components of tea, (-)-epicatechin methylgallate (ECMG) was oxidized to quino form. The concentrations of (-)-catechin gallate (ECG) decreased and one of new compound (M.W. 442) produced with increasing the storage time. From the results show tea made with cold water is better than that made with hot water. The ingredients in green tea were changed faster than those in fermentative black tea and oolong tea. The components of tea can be kept unchanged for a long time at low temperature. In refrigerator, the time can be extended to overnight. 茶由於其具有特殊的芳香氣味及口味,廣泛地被世人用為飲料,近年來的研究證據顯示茶具有促進身體健康和防癌功效,但茶中成分之變化,尤其兒茶素隨茶的種類、茶沖泡保存方式及置放時間而有所不同,因此對於茶中成分及沖泡方式的認知是一門重要的課題。 本實驗主要是探討茶沖泡時間及貯存條件,對於茶液所含兒茶素變化的影響,探討的茶包含紅茶、烏龍茶、綠茶及其茶包。並使用質譜儀及高效能液相層析質譜儀配備紫外光偵測器分析茶液中之成分,實驗結果顯示成分變化速率以未發酵的綠茶較發酵的紅茶和烏龍茶快;低溫儲存時,亦可延緩茶液成分的變化,例如加蓋並存放於冰箱,則茶置放至隔夜其成分均未改變;同時結果顯示成分產生變化者,主要為兒茶素氧化,如將多酚類氫氧基經氧化變成?(quino) ,其次為斷裂再產生聚合其中綠茶以不照光變化較大。本研究並經實驗發現如果以冷開水沖泡綠茶20~30分鐘,咖啡因的溶出量雖略多於沖泡2分鐘的熱茶,但各種兒茶素的溶出量卻遠高之,尤其置放至隔夜茶液成分仍無氧化現象。

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泳池水中有效餘氯對頭髮的影響

因為以前有一段時間常常游泳,自己覺得那時的”髮質”似乎比較不好,發現很多人也是這樣覺得,像是頭髮變粗或是顏色變黃變淡等等,上網查了一下資料發現有篇報告裡面有寫到:「構成頭髮和肌膚的主要成份是蛋白質,自來水中加氯消毒是眾人皆知的事,水中的氯會破壞蛋白質,使頭髮和肌膚受損,產生病變造成極大的傷害。」(出自「自來水中之「餘氯」會破壞頭髮及皮膚的蛋白質」--KingNet國家網路醫院 Second Opinion WebHospital),游泳池中的添加的氯氣又比一般自來水要來得高,因此便想了解究竟游泳池水中的氯氣究竟會如何影響我們頭髮的頭髮外表的結構或是強韌度等。

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三催四請-從畢氏定理到N元畢氏數

符合畢氏定理X12+X22=X32的正整數解(X1,X2,X3)我們稱為三元畢氏數;符合N元不定方程式X12+X22+⋯+Xn-12=Xn2的正整數解(X1,X2,⋯,Xn-1,Xn)被稱為N元畢氏數。本研究更正陳揚叡同學在台灣2008國際科展中對N元不定方程式X12+X22+⋯+Xn-12=Xn2所提出的N元畢氏數一般解,並利用對圓點方陣的降階分奇偶數組加以探討,其中,奇數組是在(M+1)階方陣中透過一次降一階來探討三元畢氏數中X1=2k+1的情況,而偶數組是在(M+2)階方陣中透過一次降二階來探討三元畢氏數中X1=2k+2的情況。在獲得初步的成果後,又藉著直角三角形的擴充依遞迴定義的方式來進一步來探討N元畢氏數。最後,我得到N元畢氏數(X1,X2,⋯,Xm,⋯,Xn-1,Xn)的關係式(表一)。

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帽子戲法-台灣四種鳳仙花花朵構造與授粉昆蟲之觀察

:台灣共有四種鳳仙花科植物,棣慕華鳳仙花;黃花鳳仙花;紫花鳳仙花為特有種,另一為入侵種的非洲鳳仙花。台灣原生的鳳仙花花朵形成圓筒形並具有長花距,雄蕊聯合形成帽子將雌蕊蓋住以防止自花授粉,白天主要授粉者皆為黃色熊蜂(Bombusflavescens F. Smith),花朵套袋以及自花授粉發現黃花、紫花鳳仙花皆無法結果,對於授粉蜂具有高度依賴性,棣慕華鳳仙花則具有很高的自花授粉能力,對授粉蜂的依賴性較黃花、紫花鳳仙花為低。三種鳳仙花花朵長度、寬度與花距長度皆與黃色熊蜂體長、體寬及口器長度高度相關,推測台灣三種鳳仙花經長期演化,形成授粉高度專一化的現象。非洲鳳仙花花朵平展並具花距,可提供大型昆蟲停留。雄蕊同樣聯合將雌蕊蓋住以防止自花授粉,經套袋隔絕授粉者發現對於對於授粉昆蟲具有高度依賴性,授粉昆蟲隨海拔高度、地區而有所不同,其授粉昆蟲非常多樣,具有較高的環境適應性。

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培地茅根系碎形維度及抗拉力

本研究首先確認培地茅根系具有碎形之基本特性,再進一步以方格覆蓋法計算之碎形維度來分析培地茅根系在不同時間及環境因素下的生長。主要探討碎形維度與抓地力之關係,並設計以實際根系模型來加以模擬,並發展出一可描述抓地力與碎形維度及深度關係的方程式。我們的結論為:(1) 經由方格覆蓋法之計算,培地茅此種植物,不管是整個根系或單枝根,均具有碎形基本特性,適合進一步實驗研究。(2) 碎形維度會隨著培地茅生長時間增長而增加,並且在自然光照及30℃左右會有較大值,而種植於土壤中根系發展較廣,其碎形維度比種植於沙耕中來的高。(3) 實驗結果顯示,抓地力受碎形維度及根系深度兩因素影響,而培地茅根系對土壤有較強的抓地力,推測是因為兩者根系皆又深又長,土中培地茅根碎形維度較大,接觸面積較廣,而又進一步以矽膠模型做實驗驗證。(4) 矽膠模型之目的在於減少難控制之自然變因,實驗之前,測量了根系模型與洋菜凍之基本性質,實驗結果顯示抓地力與碎形維度及根系深度皆呈正向關係,可用數學方程式加以描述。This project is mainly a research into the fractal dimension of the vetiver root system. First, we confirm the vetiver root system has the basic fractal structure by checking its self-similarity, then using box-counting method to calculate fractal dimension. We begin with a fundamental investigation into the relation between different time and environmental factors and fractal dimension. Then we move to our main point: the relation between fractal dimension and its pull-out resistance. In the next step, we make a fundamental silicon model, simulating the vetiver root system, to continue our experiments. In the end, we develop a formula that can describe the relation between its pull-out resistance, roots depth and fractal dimension. Here are our conclusions: (1) After using box-counting method to calculate fractal dimension, we discover that not only the whole vetiver root system but also a single vetiver root has the basic fractal structure. (2) Fractal dimension increases when time goes on. Also the value of fractal dimension is larger in natural sunlight and the temperature at about 30℃.The vetiver root system grows more widely in soil than those in sand. That’s why it has larger fractal dimension. (3) Data shows that its pull-out resistance is influenced by both fractal dimension and the depth of the roots. The vetiver roots, in the meantime, show greater pull-out resistance than some other plants. Thus we draw the assumption that the vetiver root system grows deep and wide, and in natural soil its fractural dimension is greater and reaches greater area. Therefore, a silicon model is constructed to further confirm the findings of the experiment.(4) The design of the silicon model is to reduce the uncontrollable variables in nature. Before starting the experiment, we measured some basic characteristics of the silicon model, including density and angle of repose. Furthermore, the experiment demonstrates that pull-out resistance and fractural dimension have a commensurate mutual relation: the stronger the pull-out resistance, the wider the fractural dimension and the deeper the root system. Thus we derive a math formula to describe this relation.

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磁鐵在變動磁場中的舞動

看到網路上有人利用不同顆磁鐵間的磁浮擺盪,玩起了磁鐵的律動操,從磁鐵間此起彼落,看似不規則的律動中有著一股無形的默契,形成相互擺盪的有趣現象。為一探究竟於是針對形狀、距離數量與角度等變因,從自製儀器進行研究後發現: 1.改變夾角的不對稱偏斜,可以調整磁鐵擺盪頻率 2.增加磁鐵數量、縮短外圍間距與降低中央厚度,可延長磁力傳遞的效果 3.從震盪頻率平衡過程中的時間差,可推算力來源方向與強度 過程中利用磁力震盪的特性,設計並製做出實驗所需的測量器具,再由磁力震盪變項的相互影響,可歸納傳遞磁力效能最佳的變項組合,最後利用磁力震盪的特性,設計出光感式磁力震盪的測震儀,可說是從小東西玩出大道理來!

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調和變換之研討與應用

在此研究中,我們用類似反演變換的方法,以一個定圓創立並證明了一種新的幾何變換,稱為 「調和變換」 · 我們得到點、直線、圓與圓錐曲線經過變換的關係 ·。1 .直線可以映射成原直線或一圓錐曲線 · 2.圓可以映射成一種特殊曲線。 3 .圓錐曲線可以映射成兩條圓錐曲線或一條圓錐曲線和一直線。此外我們還發現調和變換和反演變換的特殊關係 · 最後,由於調和變換可以簡化圓錐曲線的關係,我們將調和變換應用在行星輾些的證明上,並得到了良好的結果。In this research, we use a method similar to the inversion to establish a new geometric transformation, called harmonic transformation, by a fixed circle O, we prove some of its properties. We have gotten the relationship among points. lines, circs, conies and their images: 1 .The image of a line is a conic or a line itself. 2.Thc image of a circle is a special category of curve. 3.The image of a conic with its focus at the center of O is two conies or a line and a conic. Further mote, we also find the special connection between harmonic transformation and inversion. Finally, since the harmonic transformation can simplify the conic, we apply the harmonic transformation to identify the orbit of a planet, and obtain a nice conclusion.

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廢絲襪也有春天—絲襪的回收再利用

我們利用家庭裡常見的廢棄絲襪,將之回收再利用。絲襪中的耐綸成分可溶於甲酸,經純化、脫色後即可得到耐綸溶液。我們將耐綸溶液均勻滴加於玻片上風乾,得到自製薄板層析試片(TLC片),可運用於生物及化學實驗中混合物的分離。分離後的物質亦可通過儀器做定性及定量分析。 耐綸的化學結構含有醯胺鍵,我們從早期的科展報告中發現重金屬鹽類易與蛋白質結合成穩定的沉澱物而析出,得知蛋白質因含有大量醯胺基團,能與金屬離子結合成蛋白質鹽沉澱,藉以除去水溶液中的重金屬。我們利用同樣含有醯胺鍵的自製耐綸溶液進行重金屬吸附實驗,期望能夠達到吸附並除去重金屬的效果。本實驗所使用的材料是家中舊有的尼龍絲襪,以達到廢物利用及環保的最高宗旨。

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免費空氣污染偵測器- 地衣與環境污染的探討

高中課程中課本提到的地衣類植物,而我們平常看到樹幹上的灰綠色附生植物可能為地衣。經我們在校園內的初步觀察,發現在靠近交通往來頻繁的校門口區域的地衣生長量趨近於零,而相差不到100 公尺行政大樓旁的樹木,卻發現了其樹幹上分佈著許多地衣,其懸殊的生長狀態,引起了我們的注意:地衣的生長分布代表了什麼意義呢?\r 我們希望藉由實地的生物觀察,並結合簡單的實驗對地衣作深一層的認識,進而發展出一套戶外空氣污染程度之指標辨別系統。\r

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推著離子跑

在本次實驗中,我們發現溶液中的帶電離子,會因為離子團的熱運動,和電偶極的庫倫吸引力(electric dipole)的交互作用下,使得電解質溶液的I-V curve(電流-電壓 曲線),具有類似磁滯曲線(Hysteresis curve)的效果,同時我們運用光學干涉的原理,證實此時在電場作用下,離子團會互相順著電場方向作條列鍵結,而加熱實驗也證實,熱運動會使溶液的I-V curve(電流-電壓 曲線)變的不一樣。另一方面,我們也發現,在給予電解質溶液一外加的衝擊電壓時,該溶液的電荷分布,?會因為彼此的互相擠壓以及自由擴散的作用下,而形成一震盪分布,其所顯現出來的,則是電壓的震盪變化。最後由於震盪波紋的變化,在起始時與中段之後有著明顯差異,我們對此變化提出看法和證實,相信內容是精采可期的! In this experiment, with the interaction of the heating action of ionic atmosphere and electric dipole, we find that ionic in the liquor makes the I-V curve in the electrolyte liquor show up with the effect similar to Hysteresis curve. Meanwhile, we practice the principle of interference to prove that at this moment, under the influence of electric field, ionic atmosphere will connect to each other in line following the direction of the electric field. It is also proven that in the heating experiment, heating action will make I-V curve in the liquor different.On the other hand, we also find with extra electric impact, the charge distribution of the liquor will form a oscillation, that is, the changes of the voltage oscillation under the inter-collision and the free spread. We offer our viewpoints and proofs about the obvious changes of oscillation wave in their beginning stage and after their middle stage. We believe that the marvelous content is surely worth of your expectation.

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