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聲音現形記瞧一瞧—聲音Do.Re.Mi

花了不少時間了解聲音的波動現象後,我們由已知音叉自組「U行長管空氣柱測量法」去推測實際聲速大小,結果與標準聲速誤差在10﹪以下,同時也比較出未知音叉的頻率。為了了解聲波與其他介質波動傳遞數率的快慢差異,我們由自製的「自動振動機」已成功的比較出粗繩波、細繩波及緊繩波的波速大小;以自動振動機控制單擺的規律擺動去撞擊自組煙霧箱,感受撞擊時產生的聲音及能量的傳遞,讓煙以不同的速率方式擴散,也從這個實驗比較出:空氣的聲速(20℃下)34300cm/s>>單擺擺動的速率10~20cm/s>煙圈自煙箱出口的速率3~9cm/s。為了讓聲音以更有活力、更有趣的方式具形化,我們以聲音三要素的方式設計了音波功的實驗。以錄影、電腦播放或現場感受的方式,就算聽不見也能看得到聲音的威力!為了讓聲音以另一種型式光來展現,我們以視覺暫留的現象定出音符定點展開的上、下、左、右的光點,再畫出音符的完整畫面;再企圖從跳動的反射光路徑中帶出舞動的Do Re Mi音符及曼妙的音樂。為了留住聲音的軌跡,我們將聲音以色彩的方式舞動出來、以不同紙材吸附對照,以感受古典音樂、搖滾音樂…等節奏下形成的色彩畫面。

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遠洋船舶淡水製造機造水原理之研究

水資源匱乏的問題已被世界各國所重視,面臨缺水的危機,開發水資源成為共同努力的方向,其中海水淡化是最具前瞻性與發展性措施之一。另外,長期海上作業的遠洋船舶,若具備淡水製造能力,將能提高船舶的續航里程。因此,本研究針對遠洋船舶淡水製造機所用之真空蒸餾法( 0.4atm 至 0.05atm),對其造水因素之真空壓力、沸點溫度、冷卻水溫度、海水含鹽量等進行實驗觀測,旨在尋求最佳造水操作條件及熱效率,以提供淡水製造機設計、製造及操作之參考。實驗結果顯示,最適宜之真空海水淡化條件為真空壓力=0.2atm、溫度=65(℃)、造水率=1320(ml)/仟瓦×小時、最佳熱效率=51.2(%),所造之淡水含鹽度在 220ppm 以內,符合國家淡水標準(含鹽度 250ppm),此操作條件可避免鍋垢之產生。

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蜘蛛

每當打掃清潔區的時候,同學們常被蜘蛛網黏得滿頭是蜘蛛絲,有時候想消滅牠,但又找不到牠躲在什麼地方?把網清除了,明天又結了一個新網。自然課本裹對這紡織的能手也沒有詳細的提過,因而引起了我們對牠觀察研究的興趣。

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黑擬蛺蝶(Junonia iphita iphita)的幼蟲生存策略

黑擬蛺蝶(Junonia iphita iphita)為台灣地區常見的蛺蝶,其幼蟲具有築巢行為,但文獻中對其幼蟲行為的描述極少,因此本實驗探討黑擬蛺蝶幼蟲在野外的族群變化與環境之關係,並研究幼蟲築巢行為,以探討其適應環境的生存策略。首先於室內及恆溫生長箱中飼養幼蟲,以建立其生活史基本資料,並於野外統計各齡期幼蟲在不同植物上的數量變化及築巢行為的差異,以探討不同環境因素對幼蟲築巢之影響。由實驗結果得知,黑擬蛺蝶生活史短,可取食多種爵床科(Acanthaceae)之植物,其寄主植物除文獻所紀錄之台灣馬藍(Strobilanthes formosanus)及賽山藍(Blechum pyramudatum)等外,也取食大安水蓑衣(Hydrophila pogonocalyx)、無花水蓑衣(Hygrophila violacea)、易生木(Hemigraphis repanda)及翠蘆利(Ruellia brittoniana)等。黑擬蛺蝶幼蟲野外族群波動與溫溼度及雨量等環境因子並無直接關係。黑擬蛺蝶一年發生多世代且有世代重疊情形,世代波動與四季律動關係不明顯,顯示黑擬蛺蝶對環境的適應力大。黑擬蛺蝶幼蟲利用築巢以適應環境變化,應是其幼蟲良好的生存策略。且幼蟲在強風及光線強的環境下築巢率增加,降雨時則減少。Junonia iphita iphita belongs to Nymphalidae(Lepidoptera). They can be found easily in the wilderness of Taiwan. Its larva shows nest-making behavior. However, there is little literature documenting the behaviors of its larva. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the quantities of Junonia iphita iphita’s larvae and its natural habitat, to research its nesting behaviors, and to investigate its survival strategies to adapt to the environment. I started by raising larvae in a growth chamber under a controlled temperature in order to obtain its initial information regarding its life history. In the field, I documented the numbers and the changes of larvae at each stage on different host plants and recorded the differences in its nest-making behavior in order to find out which environment factors influence the nest-making of Junonia iphita iphita’s larvae. These experiments concluded that the life history of larvae is short. The immature intaking habit showed that the larva takes various plants of the Acanthaceae. In addition to the host plants mentioned in the literature, such as Strobilanthes formosanus, and Blechum pyramidatum, Junonia iphita iphita’s larvae also live by Hydrophila pogonocalyx, Hygrophila violacea, Hemigraphis repanda, and Ruelba brittoniana, which were not listed in the literature. Through experiments, I discovered that there is no direct correlation between the population fluctuations of larvae and it’s enviroment including factors such as temperature, humidity or rainfall. Junonia iphita iphita can produce multi-generations in a year accompanying generation overlapping. There is also no obvious correlation between the generation fluctuations and changing seasons, showing that larvae can easily adapt to the environment. Junonia iphita iphita’s larvae adapt themselves to the different environments by nest-making which should be a good survival strategy. Besides, the rate of nest-making increases when larvae are under strong winds and strong lights and decreases when the rain falls.

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環保水氣壓計

本研究利用波以耳定律為基礎,以理論計算推導的方式,模擬水氣壓計的操作模式,並 探討其校準模式與誤差來源。 以此設計出的水氣壓計有以下兩個特色: 1. 大氣壓力的變化與水氣壓計液面的變化為線性關係。 2. 可以得到比水銀氣壓計更佳的靈敏度。 而在水氣壓計的校準上分別探討了標準校準、壓力差校準、溫度校準與重力密度校準。 利用標準校準可以得到水氣壓計液面變化與大氣壓力變化的線性關係式。而溫度校準與密度 校準在儀器操作環境為定溫下則可併入標準校準。 This study based on Boyle's law imitates the operation model of water barometer and discusses its calibration and sources of error. The designed water barometer has two features: 1. The relationship between atmospheric pressure and the height changes of the surface of the water barometer is linear. 2. More sensitive than that of a mercury barometer. We also discuss standard calibration, pressure calibration, thermo calibration and gravidensity calibration. The linearity between atmospheric pressure and the height changes of the surface of the water barometer is known by standard calibration; thermo calibration and gravidensity calibration can be merged into standard calibration under constant temperature surroundings.

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我把蛋殼變粉筆了!

粉筆是教學現場不可或缺的消耗品,由於使用簡便、限制性小,使得粉筆即使在現今多\r 元的教學媒材中,依然有著難以取代的地位;因此,粉筆在校園裡的用量非常大,如果能夠\r 將日常生活中的廢棄物加以利用,製成粉筆,將可兼顧環保及經濟效益。\r 而在偶然機會下,發現粉筆與蛋殼的成分是一樣的,於是便以「蛋殼變粉筆」作為本次\r 研究主題。首先我們嘗試以蛋殼粉為主原料,分別添加水、麵粉、膠水、粉筆灰等材料作成\r 四種粉筆,再以品質最好的一種作為後續改良重點;此外,我們也研究蛋膜及不同材質的蛋\r 殼對實驗的影響性,並試著用不同的色料製作有色粉筆,希望能以蛋殼作出最接近市面上販\r 售的粉筆。

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點石成金:鋁銅電池—廢鋁罐的第二春

前年的九二一集集大地震,慘痛的經驗都讓我們記憶猶新。因為停電全國幾乎都?罩在黑暗之中,電池成了最熱門的搶手貨; 價格當然水漲船高,居高不下!可能是平常的二、三倍,至還可能有錢買不到呢!災區的人們更可憐,不但停水還斷電,沒有電~他們幾乎與外界隔絕,生活變得非常不方便,簡直是寸步難行;而電池在此時,更凸顯出它的重要,但是停電時,不一定家家戶戶都有儲備電池;於是我們便想:利用日常生活中,隨手可得的物品,製做成簡易且實用的電池; 如此一來,就不必害怕沒有電池了!在各界極力倡導資源回收的同時,3R:Reduce' Reuseu及Recycle還清晰地印在腦海中,某日,喝完飲料後正準備鋁罐壓扁丟入回收筒時,突然靈光乍現~為什麼不利用廢鋁罐製作電池呢?況且,現在全球正值能源危機,油品沒幾天就漲價一次,工業發達使石化燃料及各種原料的消耗劇增,研發新能源與廢棄物的回收再利用,就是我們刻不容緩、責無旁貸的課題

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長方體上的螞蟻--兩點間最短路徑之最大值研究

由一個常見的數學考題:【找出20×20×40 的長方體中,兩相對頂點A、F 從表面上走的最短路 徑min AF】,從此題中提出不同的想法,進而去思考是否有更大的min AF,並作探討與分析 並發現在1×1×2 長方體中,頂點A 到長方體表面上一點P 的最大值min AP 的位置為當P 點 在A 點對面之1×1 面上對角線下 1/ 4 處有最大值為 √130/ 4 約2.85。從1×1×2 延伸至1×1×n 及1× m×n 的長方體,找出固定頂點到長方體表面上一點P 有最大值min AP 的位置與距離,並求出 其通式。最後希望能推廣找到在1×1×2 長方體上的任意兩點使其有最大值min PQ 的點的位置 與距離。

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美國紐約世貿中心大樓為何倒塌

The World Trade Center in New York City was collapsed after attacked by the terrorist. Although the design of this building did not consider the attack by the terrorist, however, this event also exposed the weakness of a high-rise building. This study is aimed at examining the cause of the collapse of the World Trade Center. A series of experimental studies was carried out to examine the strength of steel material under elevated temperature. Experimental studies were also performed on model steel frames under fire to simulate the situation of World Trade Center under fire. It is found that the strength of steel structure decayed under fire event. The upper stories lost its support from the floor that was subjected to fire load and the collapse of the floor under fire induced impact load from the upper stories. Progressive failure occurred on the subsequent floors due to the impact from the upper stories. This phenomenon was also observed in the experimental study of the model frame tests. This study has successful reproduced the failure mode of the World Trade Center in New York City. 紐約世界貿易中心大樓在遭遇恐怖份子攻擊後倒塌,雖然大樓之設計可能並未考慮恐怖份子的攻擊,但此次事件亦暴露超高層大樓的脆弱,本研究乃探討紐約世貿大樓破壞之原因,研究過程中首先以一系列之試驗探討鋼鐵材料在高溫下之行為,尤其是高溫對鋼材強度之影響。其次並進行鋼骨模型骨架受火燒之破壞試驗,發現在高溫燒烤下鋼骨軟化而失去承載能力,而無法承載上方樓層之重量,上方樓層倒塌後往下形成一衝擊力,並造成往下連續之衝擊,最後導致整體結構倒塌,模型結構試驗亦證實世貿大樓之破壞模式

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Nareez mall

The Project applicant proposes to develop fahaheel Beach by constructing a mall. This mall will be incipience and unique in Kuwait. The mall is divided to three parts; first part includes shops, Reception, Entertainment areas (cinema, beauty center, gymnasiums), Second part involved a food court for customers who want to stay for long time in the mall., Last part includes outdoor playgrounds, and out door game courts(tennis, foot ball, hand ball, basket ball), out door coffee shop. The intended goal of this project is to provide high quality, cost-effective, unique experiment of shopping and fishing services in accordance with global standards of excellence. Work. The Main task of the preliminary design phase was to balance the equation of any investment commercial project which is to provide a design that serves as an attraction spot for investors, shoppers and visitors. The design of this mall was based on the latest technology and techniques which helped in achieving the desired concept. It has been designed using the highest standards and finest finishing material whether internally or externally. The fine quality of material and high solar performance glass will help in minimizing the electrical load by decreasing the air conditioning load required. All material has been chosen to suit the image and quality to be resembled in the mall and the tower will turn out to be a master piece that has utilized newly introduced up to date building technical installation. The mall will provide a full service of shopping and entertainment facility covering over10,500sq.meter op space within this space are dedicated areas for fitness health, recreation, spa social, dining, entertainment, childcare and beach.

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Number system with non-natural base

In this work I make the analysis of the possibility of the existence of the number system with non-natural base & its investigation. The question examined in my work is totally opened:\r ‧ making the list of new characteristics, rules of the translation of the numbers, and also rules of the simple calculating operations, checked the operations of subtraction & division;\r ‧ checked the Euclidean algorithm, its characteristics by means of estimating the coefficients;\r ‧ found the practical appliance of new method in compiling & solving of the tasks.\r Investigation I’ve suggested stipulates for independence of new system & its appliance in type of tasks, that is beyond the course of school program & also beyond the whole system of school education.

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混不混有關係!-用混合自製天然指示劑來精細檢測酸鹼值的探討

老師要我們自製指示劑時,有人煮十幾分鐘,有人用熱水浸泡個一、二小時,又燙又花時間,於是我們想透過實驗找到最佳的時間點,使大家省時又省力。此外熱水的高溫,常讓我們心驚膽顫,深怕一個不小心就被燙到,如果自製指示劑也能像茶葉用「冷泡」的泡出色來,不是更安全更節省能源嗎?最後我們驚喜的發現「紫色高麗菜」的確是冷熱皆宜,而且只要花費10分鐘,難怪教科書都愛用它來製作指示劑。我們還發現用單一材料自製而成的天然指示劑,不像廣用指示劑呈現紅、橙、黃、綠、藍、靛、紫,可分辨出不同的酸鹼值,因此我們更進一步的將課本中提到的材料互相「混搭」,竟然能製作出更好,更精細的酸鹼指示劑,可以清楚分辨pH1.0~12.0(如封面圖),真是讓我們興奮不已!

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