保麗龍是環境中不易分解的汙染物,本實驗將自大麥蟲腸道、麵包蟲腸道、土壤與有機堆肥分離出十三株具有分解保麗龍潛力菌株(ZM1, ZM2, ZM3, TM1, TM2, TM3, S1, S2, S3, S4, OF1, OF2及OF3)進行分解保麗龍測試。試驗結果顯示,液體培養中,靜置培養以菌株TM3有最好分解效果;震盪培養以T all及OF2有最好分解效果。而固體培養中,無法看見保麗龍明顯分解。進一步,將保麗龍拿出利用結晶紫染色,確認菌株附著在保麗龍上。同時將菌株撒入模擬環境中,觀察保麗龍分解情形,結果土壤添加有機肥環境較適合分解保麗龍,其中以菌株組合(S/OF)分解效果最為顯著(P < 0.05)。最後進行菌種鑑定,所分離出具有分解保麗龍潛力菌屬,主要分為八個屬,分別為Bacillus (ZM2), Citrobacter(OF1), Myroides(S4), Ochrobactrum(S1, S3及OF3), Proteus(ZM3及TM2) , Providencia(S2), Pseudomonas(TM3及OF2)及Rhodococcus (TM1及ZM1) 屬。
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DNA Detection by EGFET using GaN Nanowires Gate
DNA感測器近年來蓬勃發展,應用層面包括基因工程,醫學及藥物的開發等,然而目前較常使用的感測方法,需要繁瑣耗時的標定過程,且所使用的化學藥劑對環境容易造成傷害,鑒於以上方法的不完善處,我們決定設計一套新的感測系統,此研究結合了氮化鎵奈米線(GaN Nanowires)及延伸場效電晶體(EGFET)的優點,成功的發展出創新的DNA感測系統,氮化鎵奈米線的高生物匹配性及高感測面積,能有效提高靈敏度,延伸式場效電晶體的設計,史感測器具由免標定及時感測的特性,且易於組裝及操作,我們將探針DNA(probe DNA)修是在氮化鎵奈米線作為之延伸閘極上,由於DNA在中性水溶液中帶負電,且DNA之間具有強烈的互補特性,因此當目標DNA(target DNA)與探針DNA接合,形成雙股DNA,氮化鎵奈米線(閘極)的表面電位即會有所變化,並造成FET特性的改變,藉由此性質及能成功感測DNA,研究結果顯示,此研究所發展出的DNA感測器,愈有相當高的靈敏度(10-18),相較於其他以FET技術所設計出的DNA感測器,靈敏度提升了三個數量極,此外此感測器亦具有高選擇性,即使單一鹼基對的突變也能成功辨別;-hybridization based detection techniques are widely developed due to their promising applications in genetics, medicine and drug discovery. However, current DNA detection techniques based on labels or reagents are time-consuming, environmentally-harmful and complex to implement. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated a label-free extended-gate-field-effect-transistor (EGFET) sensor utilizing a GaN-nanowires electrode with DNA probes immobilized, capable of specific DNA sequence identification. The principle behind the design is based on the change in surface potential and charge transfer after hybridization. GaN nanowires, being bio-compatible, provide direct transfer path and high surface area, thus offer an unprecedented opportunity of DNA sensing with high sensitivity. In addition, our EGFET design facilitates easy assembly and operation of DNA detection. Comparative studies on complementary and non-complementary DNA were performed to verify the specificity of the sensor. By adapting GaN nanowires structure, the assay time of DNA was shorten to within thirty minutes. Moreover, our sensor displayed an ultra-high sensitivity in the level of attoM: three orders of magnitude higher in resolution than that of other FET-based DNA detection methods.
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淘氣精靈(ELVES)高空放電現象性質探討
ELVES (Emissions of Light and VLF perturbation due to EMP Sources) is a transient luminous phenomenon of ionosphere induced by the electromagnetic pulse of lightning. In this report, we use the data of ISUAL science payload of FORMOSAT-2 to investigate the luminosities and the stepped-leader signals of the different kinds of ELVES.淘氣精靈全名Emissions of Light and VLF perturbation due to EMP Sources簡稱ELVES,為閃電的電磁脈衝波引發電離層短暫發光的現象,本研究是分析福爾摩沙衛星二號上科學酬載ISUAL的光度資料,以探討淘氣精靈類型與光度訊號強度以及閃電前導訊號的關係。
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