Nanotechnology, a transformative force, has steadily gained traction across multiple scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology. It offers unprecedented capabilities, especially in the realm of nanoscale particles, ushering in new paradigms in various applications. One of the most revolutionary applications of nanotechnology is in the pharmaceutical sector. Here, nanoparticles have transformed drug and vaccine delivery systems, offering both efficacy and precision. Among these nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have stood out, especially for their role in delivering nucleic acid-based drugs and vaccines. These LNPs are intricate assemblies composed of lipids and nucleic acid complexes, offering an amalgamation of stability and deliverability. Such properties have rendered LNPs as invaluable tools in enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target side effects. The myriad of nanoparticles available includes the likes of silver, gold, and lipid nanoparticles. However, the emphasis of this research lies with lipid nanoparticles, given their widespread success in the pharmaceutical arena. LNPs have showcased their potential in delivering drugs with low therapeutic indices, emphasizing their capability to act as versatile platforms for novel drug development. Recent advances have further expanded the horizons of LNPs, paving the way for novel antisense oligonucleotides, innovative vaccines, and complex lipid nanoparticle formations. Characterizing these nanoparticles is paramount, not only for the development of novel drugs but also to comprehend their in vivo behavior. Their multifaceted nature, stemming from their unique excipients, core-bilayer design, and varying sizes, makes their characterization a critical step in the research and development pipeline.

In this paper, I investigated the motion of a nonlinear coupled oscillator system consisting of two leaf springs secured to a non-magnetic base with magnets attached to the upper ends such they repel and are free to move. My results showed that the system exhibits the beats phenomenon, and interestingly that the frequencies show a dependence on initial conditions. I hence hypothesized this sensitivity is due to two sources of nonlinearities: geometric nonlinearity during large deflections of the leaf springs and the nonlinearity in the magnetic force. To test this hypothesis, a nonlinear mathematical model was developed, accounting for nonlinear beam effects up to third order and fully solving the nonlinear magnetic force using a current cylinder model, accounting for the tilting of the magnets. An approximate linear model was also developed for comparison. The theoretical models were validated experimentally by investigating the dynamic motion of the springs through time, as well as how the modal frequencies in the system depend on the initial displacement, the length of the spring, and the distance between the springs. The more accurate nonlinear model I derived shows good agreement with experimental results while the linear theory does not, highlighting the importance of nonlinearities in this system. An improved understanding of these nonlinear systems could lead to advancements in design and efficiency, and safety in various applications such as energy harvesting.

Within the scope of sustainable cities and responsible consumption, which are among the goals of sustainable development, it is aimed to contribute to life safety, defense industry, protection from disasters and economy with the new generation environmental building technologies and materials to be developed in the field of construction. It is a critical issue to protect reinforced concrete structures, piers, bridge piers, overpasses against impacts, and to reduce the damages and economic losses in disaster situations. Reinforced concrete scaffolding is the load-bearing component of the structure and its impact resistance is crucial to the overall safety of the concrete structure. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies that can protect structures against explosion and impact loads. Within the scope of the project, environmentally friendly and low-cost concrete materials with industrial waste glass, aluminum, plastic material additives, which can be used in columns, which are the most important part in the strength of reinforced concrete structures to prevent explosion and impact damage, were produced and their strengths were analyzed. The use and design of these materials in the strength of concrete creates the originality of the project. When the results obtained in the project were examined, it was observed that the steel fiber concretes with the addition of waste glass, aluminum ring, disc, beverage can and plastic bottle were resistant to high pressure when compared with the control groups without additives, and the change in surface height after the impact test, visual analysis and load-time graphics showed this. It is seen that the additives have a cushioning effect against the impact, absorbing the energy against the force by 87.6% and increasing the strength significantly. In this project, where it is aimed to increase the strength of concrete structures by using the impact energy absorption feature of waste glass, plastic and aluminum, products with high added value are developed, contributing to the literature and the construction sector. With the large-scale use of the project, the costs spent on the disposal of waste materials will be reduced, the upcycling based on re-using the waste products will be contributed, and the loss of life and property due to impacts and explosions will be prevented.

昆蟲常藉由聲音或振動進行溝通，但等足目間的聲音研究相對稀少，正露丸鼠婦是少數能在受刺激時捲曲並發聲的陸生等足目，本研究探討其聲音特性及對其行為的影響。經頻譜分析後發現，叫聲的頻率多集中於2kHz、12kHz與16kHz，且波形可分為急促型與規律型，研究中透過卷積神經網路進行影像辨識，建立鼠婦聚集行為與聲音頻率的關聯，在T字迷宮及J字迷宮中，正露丸鼠婦受16kHz聲音吸引大於12kHz與2kHz，與對照組有顯著差異，我們提出正露丸鼠婦其聲音的頻率高低與刺激強度有關，且會導致鼠婦產生不同行為的假說，本研究期望可透過聲音進行生態監控或害蟲防治，本研究結果可以作為生物防治策略之參考。

我們主要研究鋸琴（伐木鋸）發聲的原理，探討演奏過程中可以用來調整的因素，如施力大小、方式、形狀...等，研究這些不同變因與發出聲音的關係；並討論使用不同引發聲音的工具（塑膠槌和弓弦）與擾動位置對聲音的影響。此外，還有對參考文獻中所描述鋸琴彎曲形狀之J形、S形與甜蜜點的定義加以分析，參考金屬薄片振盪狀態的理論及其拓樸區域模態對聲音的關係，理解演奏時鋸子彎曲形狀和甜蜜點在實驗中的角色，歸納出彈奏鋸琴時可使用的規律。

本研究探討Lato-Lato與物理機制相關的系統：在一根繩子的兩端各懸掛一顆球，並將繩子的中點固定在一個能夠垂直振動的支點上。當支點以一定的頻率和振幅進行振動時，系統最初表現為規律的單擺運動，但隨著振動條件的改變，球體間逐漸發生碰撞，並開始出現能量累積現象，導致整個擺動幅度顯著增大。本研究從直觀的實驗觀察和嚴謹的數據分析兩個角度入手，通過設計精密的實驗裝置和採集詳細的運動數據，深入探討這一現象背後的機理。我們著重研究了碰撞過程中能量與動量的轉換，以及振動頻率、振幅、繩長與球重等參數如何影響系統的運動狀態。最終，我們提出了調整支點振動相位以實現最佳能量傳遞效率的方案，為未來相關工程應用提供一些新的思路與參考。

為因應氣候變遷造成的淡水資源短缺問題，本研究以可吸收廢水中營養與重金屬的小球藻，探討水資源再利用的可行性。實驗發現小球藻在6%畜牧廢水中為最佳生長濃度，且添加黃耆作為植物源生物刺激素，顯著提升小球藻葉綠素含量與耐鹽性。在海水環境下，小球藻經黃耆處理後，其細胞數與葉綠素含量分別為對照組的175%與173%。此外，利用培養過小球藻的廢水灌溉青江菜，種植第4天時，根長與莖長分別為對照組的129%與146%，且減少青江菜根部細胞受損。推測黃耆與小球藻皆可透過分泌次級代謝物，作為生物刺激素，促進植物生長與鹽逆境耐受力。期望本研究可解決農業汙染與淡水資源不足等問題，並拓展小球藻的利用價值。

When a leaf of a plant encounters stress, how does the plant convey the stress signal to other tissues and manage nutrient distribution? This field of study has been largely unexplored. However, the unique interconnected frond structure of Lemna trisulca, along with the use of a divided Petri dish, is very suitable for handling localized stress and investigating the mechanisms of intracellular signaling and nutrient distribution. Research has shown that when the mother leaf experiences localized stress, it releases healthy daughter leaves to minimize collateral damage to the daughter leaves. Conversely, when the daughter leaves face localized stress, the mother leaf chooses to retain them and continues supplying them with nutrients to support their survival. In-depth studies revealed that stressed daughter leaves accumulate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), triggering nutrient distribution by sending a distress signal to the mother leaf. This prompts the mother leaf to use Ca2+ as a signaling molecule to deliver nutrients to the daughter leaves. Selective detachment is regulated and triggered by the interaction between Ca2+ and ROS within the mother leaf. When the mother leaf undergoes stress, Ca2+ acts upstream to induce ROS accumulation at the nodes, sending a unidirectional detachment signal to the daughter leaves. This causes ROS accumulation at the daughter leaf nodes, inducing detachment and thereby reducing the collateral damage the daughter leaf could experience due to the mother leaves.

本研究利用蛋殼廢棄物中的碳酸鈣結晶製作吸油紙為研究目標。嘗試以溫度、時間、顆粒、液態燒結作用、添加物、纖維材料來控制蛋殼粉吸油紙的吸油量。目前的發現： (1)鍛燒溫度在200~250度C、鍛燒時間在80~100分鐘、添加蛋殼重量之60%公克的膠水，膠水濃度為12%聚乙烯醇進行蛋殼液態燒結可得到表面空隙最多。 (2)廚房紙巾製紙漿中的水與廚房紙巾體積比例為6：1，蛋殼與紙漿的比例為1：4，該配方比例吸油量最高。 (3)鍛燒蛋殼粉加入廚房紙巾紙漿自製吸油紙吸油效率最高，每200平方公分能有14.3gw的吸油量。 (4)吸油紙製作比例:紙漿水：聚乙烯醇：蛋殼：廚房紙巾=2006：9：500：285。

此研究是以實驗方式，驗證理論模擬中指出水漂在不同入水模式下，入水攻角為 20 度時皆可產生最佳的彈跳效果。因此我以壓克力板作為模擬水漂的模型，設計了以下四組操作變因，分別是入水攻角、水的流速、水漂邊界形狀以及接觸面的粗糙程度，接著透過Tracker 分析壓克力板的質心彈跳高度及運動軌跡，再利用 Excel 分析數據，找出其中的運動相關性。最後透過座標轉換，可以利用此實驗來分析打水漂的運動行為，成功發現入水攻角在 20 度時的確有最佳的彈跳效果，並以此實驗結果來優化打水漂的運動行為。

本研究在探討如何將「雷射都卜勒震動儀」（Laser Doppler Vibrometer, 以下簡稱 LDV）所測量出的一維訊號，進一步轉換出二維資訊，意即聲源的來向。本研究包含兩個部分：以物理推導出系統模型，與利用音檔進行深度學習以訓練AI模組，並根據不同聲源來向進行分類。經過推導，我們發現LDV所輸出訊號與待測物表面之關係。同時，也利用程式模擬待測物受聲波影響後之振動模式。藉此，我們以模擬還原出了LDV所收到的音檔，並與實際錄製音檔比較。最終，我們成功建立了分類準確率將近100%的AI模型，並改善了過去的聲源定位方法。

本研究在探討啄木鳥科學玩具向上爬升的原理，並透過井字形結構，加振動喇叭的動力啄木鳥，探討懸臂長度、孔徑大小、輸入音源的振動頻率、振源位置與音源輸入振幅對啄木鳥上升速度的影響。 研究發現，啄木鳥玩具會在特定頻率下快速上升，與振動頻率是否對應到機構的自然頻率及共振效應有關。動力啄木鳥在懸臂長為300mm、孔徑10.3mm、振動頻率150Hz時，上升速度最快。振動喇叭放置位置會對啄木鳥上升速度造成影響，速度大小依序為懸臂前端＞懸臂末端＞懸臂中間。孔徑會影響啄木鳥的 升速度 ，而非自然頻率。音源輸入振幅需大於iPad音量10格才能使啄木鳥上升。