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CREATION AND RESEARCH OF ECOLOGICAL MATERIALS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
The research work is dedicated to analyzing the impact of disposable tableware and packages made from synthetic polymers on people and the environment, and the search for ecological alternatives to synthetic polymers used in their production. Various types of disposable tableware and packages, their composition, production technology, harmful effects on the human body, environmental pollution, processing and recycling were studied. The statistics of the use of disposable tableware and packages in Ukraine and the world as a whole, the places of their use were analyzed. Ecological alternatives to disposable tableware and packages made from various natural materials have been studied. A practical study of the use of organic waste and wastepaper for the production of ecological disposable dishes and packages was carried out.
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水中「晶」靈-探討硫酸銅結晶大小的變因
上自然課時,曾觀察到鹽的結晶,也曾看過使用過飽和溶液長出結晶的影片,特別是硫酸銅晶體型態明顯且吸睛,激起我們研究的興趣。從硫酸銅的溶解度曲線知道溫度愈高,硫酸銅溶解度愈大,配置過飽和硫酸銅溶液後,藉由溫度的變化,可以得到硫酸銅結晶。首先配置濃度33.3%硫酸銅水溶液,經過濾後倒入培養皿中,以取得型態良好的晶體,再將晶體取出作為晶核,綁上釣魚線,放入濃度33.3%過濾硫酸銅水溶液中,盛裝容器改為燒杯並於上方加蓋或用保鮮膜封住,以防異物掉入產生雜晶。隔天若發現底部出現結晶,將此溶液加熱溶解,或再補充同濃度的硫酸銅水溶液,等待溶液降溫後再將晶核放入,七天內即可得到5公分長的硫酸銅晶體,以水晶膠包覆後達到保存效果。
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2021年全台瘋狂爭相目睹百年難得的天文奇觀-日環蝕,台東的池上及成功都是最佳觀測的地點,學校的社團配合大學科學教育中心所舉辦的活動,安排了觀測之旅,引發我們的研究興趣。我們為了製作太陽黑子觀測儀,從光學成像的原理,參考國內外設計案例,嘗試設計一個三角形的太陽黑子觀測儀,並利用生活科技所學的技能,一面實作與修正的把它製作出來。再利用經緯度資料與觀察時間等知道計算太陽的高度及方位,設計一個水平與垂直的機台,透過程式計算太陽方位角及高度角讓觀測儀可以對準太陽。最後利用攝影鏡頭可以記錄太陽黑子的觀測,並嘗試利用影像辨識的方法,對太陽軌跡進行追蹤:在太陽影像偏移時,自行調整角度,使太陽影像始終保持在正中間。
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農業廢棄物合成活性碳並討論其吸附效能之表現
本研究是將農業廢棄物—甘蔗渣作為原料製備活性碳,經由本團隊研究發現,以500℃碳化、950℃活化,C:KOH =1:2所合成之活性碳達到1335m²/g的比表面積。接著將合成出的活性碳進行染料吸附實驗,得出吸附甲基橙與亞甲基藍,熱力學皆較符合Langmuir 的單層等溫吸附模式;動力學皆較符合pseudo-second-order,因此推論化學吸附為主要吸附模式,且不論是吸附帶負電的甲基橙亦或是帶正電的亞甲基藍,皆有好的吸附表現。吸附量可達500mg/g及476.2mg/g,相對於活化前25.7mg/g及21.1mg/g提升近20倍。也可發現亞甲基藍的吸附量略高於甲基橙,因此推論本實驗所製備的活性碳表面帶有較多負電荷。最後,再將吸附飽和後的活性碳進行再生,考量經濟效益及便捷性,以酒精脫附會是較好的選擇,可達約50%的再生效率。
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本研究主要是探討空氣鳳梨葉子作為清淨環境空氣和降低PM2.5濃度以及物理性微粒的功能。為了解空氣鳳梨的吸附能力,我們先測量空氣鳳梨的滯塵能力,發現高居室內植物滯塵能力第二名:其次是測量植株能否降低線香微粒濃度,發現其葉片具有減少懸浮微粒的能力,顯示其具有空氣淨化效果;猜測上述能力應與毛狀體結構有關,於是著手測量去毛後的吸附能力,得知毛狀體是影響吸附能力的關鍵。接著我們學習Image J操作,進一步了解空氣鳳梨在各部位的吸收能力及運送途徑。透過影像分析,推測微粒的路徑為葉基→葉中→葉尖。最後探討吸附微粒後植株與對照組的抗氧化能力,發現實驗組明顯降低,說明微粒會對空氣鳳梨造成氧化壓力並影響生理代謝。
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Air quality monitoring project as an educational tool for sustainable development
The research project has an extremely relevant topic - the creation of an air quality monitoring system for general secondary education. In the context of the Covid 19 pandemic, proper air sanitation is a determining factor in counteracting the spread of coronavirus infection. Special requirements for the procedure of systematic ventilation of educational premises are set before teachers and technical staff of schools "Sanitary Regulations for General Secondary Education Institutions", which is mandatory for implementation in general secondary education institutions. Together with measures to counter the Covid 19 pandemic, the new health regulations somewhat neglect resource conservation and energy efficiency issues: ventilation during the heating season can lead to wasteful heat losses. Monitoring the quality of air purification is simply necessary if teachers and parents care about creating a safe educational environment for students at school. Requirements for air safety determine and regulate its characteristics such as temperature, humidity, the presence of dust particles of different sizes, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and formaldehyde vapors. The level of hazardous substances such as formaldehyde, which can be released from building materials, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, should be closely monitored in accordance with the recommendations of sanitary regulations and hygiene requirements of health care facilities. With increased concentrations of carbon dioxide above normal, the human body will experience the negative effects of hypoxia: poor health, drowsiness, decreased cognitive processes, learning becomes less effective. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous substance that can damage the body, poison hemoglobin and cause constant hypoxia of all organs and systems, long stay indoors with it leads to death. Formaldehyde causes carcinogenic effects, and the excess concentration of dust particles worsens the condition of people with allergies and bronchial asthma, as well as dust promotes bacterial growth and the spread of viral particles, which is especially dangerous in a coronavirus pandemic. Our solution allows for a transparent permanent monitor of air quality in the school, makes this monitoring completely inclusive - because any user from among the participants in the educational process has access to up-to-date information about the air in the school and can make informed decisions about proper behavior Our system allows students to become more responsible, independent in terms of sanitary requirements and compliance. Therefore, the main idea of our project is extremely relevant today - to organize a digitalized system for monitoring the quality of air purification in the school, thus preventing inadequate ventilation with wasteful heat loss and reduced energy efficiency of the school building. The project has signs of sustainability - it is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals – 3 «Good health and well-being», 4 «Quality education», 5 «Gender equality», 11 «Sustainable cities and communities», 12 «Responsible consumption and production» and 13 «Climate action»
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「毒」善其身 ─ ─ 探討植物的毒他作用在 空心蓮子草與大花咸豐草的防治和農業上的應用
近年入侵外來種植物問題嚴重,造成農業損失,我們也在校園中發現某些樹木下方有雜草不易生長的現象,透過文獻探討得知許多常見植物皆有毒他作用。因此決定將其應用在雜草抑制層面,我們萃取常見植物(樟樹、榕樹、鳳凰木、金絲竹、血桐)的葉,施澆在作物(小白菜、九層塔及綠豆)和入侵外來種植物(空心蓮子草及大花咸豐草),觀察其萌發率和生長狀況。從實驗結果得知有些植物之毒他物質萃取液,能抑制入侵外來種植物而不影響作物生長,同時也利用土壤分析技術證明毒他物質不會影響土壤pH及電導率。本研究旨在找出種植不同作物的最佳雜草抑制方法,找出最適合之植物毒他物質萃取液種類與濃度,並發現毒他物質會影響植物根毛和維管束細胞的生長。
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Cross-lingual Information Retrieval
In this project, we evaluate the effectiveness of Random Shuffling in the Cross Lingual Information Retrieval (CLIR) process. We extended the monolingual Word2Vec model to a multilingual one via the random shuffling process. We then evaluate the cross-lingual word embeddings (CLE) in terms of retrieving parallel sentences, whereby the query sentence is in a source language and the parallel sentence is in some targeted language. Our experiments on three language pairs showed that models trained on a randomly shuffled dataset outperforms randomly initialized word embeddings substantially despite its simplicity. We also explored Smart Shuffling, a more sophisticated CLIR technique which makes use of word alignment and bilingual dictionaries to guide the shuffling process, making preliminary comparisons between the two. Due to the complexity of the implementation and unavailability of open source codes, we defer experimental comparisons to future work.
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在「陶哲軒教你聰明解數學」這本書以及第52屆全國中小學科學展覽會國中組數學科「游泳池追逐戰」中,曾討論了師生在泳池中及池邊的追逐,但只有假設學生沿幾種固定路線前進,未討論為什麼選擇這些路線,也未提到師生之間的策略動態變化。本研究以師生兩人都能知道對方想法為基礎,一層一層發展出新的師生策略,並引入賽局論的觀點,最後找到本問題的師生最終路徑,以及勝負決定速率n。除此之外,我們將泳池從正方形推廣到任意正多邊形,找出可能的最佳路徑。
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本研究從原始畢氏數組數函數探討質數在整數間的分布密度,我利用質因數個數、通式、座標軸上面積導出原始畢氏數組數函數(最小數字不大於自變數的原始畢氏數組數,我視(A,B,C)和(B,A,C)為相同的原始畢氏數),參考其他文獻之後,我得到組數函數可以寫成以下形式:f(x)=c∙x∙lnx+O(x)c∈R ,此推測將在此研究中進行證明。因此我可以依此計算π函數近似值,在進行初步計算後,我亦利用差分法算出較為準確的c值,並以此c值估算更為準確的π函數近似值。
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獨居蜂的築巢行為以及羽化觀察、影響羽化的因素之探討
本研究在觀察校內和家附近的獨居蜂築巢行為,以及紀錄校內的獨居蜂子代從卵期到羽化的過程,並以加溫設備觀察其在特定溫濕度下的羽化時間。對比了周圍有水的環境和沒有水的環境後,前者獨居蜂產卵築巢的數量明顯較後者多,顯示出獨居蜂更偏好周遭有水的環境;以恆溫箱對棕泥壺蜂進行加溫羽化後得知,溫度對於其羽化的影響比時間大。另外也發現,棕泥壺蜂巢室內,有塗料土塊的吸水能力較無塗料的差。
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菇的!GOOD!保養品─蕈類萃取液之研究
餐桌上美味的菜餚不乏菇類料理的出現,對於「菇」,我們常常與養生做聯想,因其富含營養物質,所以市面上許多保健食品都是以蕈類製成,但僅侷限於吃,較少擦在皮膚上的產品,因此我們想要探討蕈類萃取物拿來作為保養品的潛力。從研究中我們發現蕈類富含碳水化合物,也在萃取液中測得糖類,結果顯示蕈類萃取液可以提升肌膚含水度及肌膚彈性,藉此達到保濕的效果,這與糖類具有保水能力有關,且以玫瑰菇及柳松菇的萃取液效果最佳。但萃取液pH值並不適合長時間塗抹在人體肌膚上,所以如果要將萃取液作為化妝保養品,可以另外添加天然酸性的物質,我們也期許未來蕈類萃取液可以「廢材再利用」,萃取不會食用的下層蕈柄,將其運用在化妝保養品上。
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