We study the creation of physical adversarial examples, which are robust to real-world transformations, using a limited number of queries to the target black-box neural networks. We observe that robust models tend to be especially susceptible to foreground manipulations, which motivates our novel Foreground attack. We demonstrate that gradient priors are a useful signal for black-box attacks and therefore introduce an improved version of the popular SimBA. We also propose an algorithm for transferable attacks that selects the most similar surrogates to the target model. Our black-box attacks outperform state-of-the-art approaches they are based on and support our belief that the concept of model similarity could be leveraged to build strong attacks in a limited-information setting.

豬皮富含膠原蛋白，經過正確的熬煮過程可以提煉出明膠運用在許多生活用品中，我們希望能將平常廢棄不用的豬皮完整利用，做出黏性超強的黏著劑。 本研究發現，豬皮去油脂後以5%的醋酸溶液浸泡24小時，再以100°C熬煮5小時，可以得到最高的豬皮明膠萃取率；而豬皮明膠黏性以80°C熬煮3小時後達到最高；乾燥豬皮明膠的復用，則是以80℃隔水加熱2小時可以得到較高的黏性。除了豬皮明膠作為黏著劑，我們更研發出將處理過程中的所有溶液及物質，一起製作成凝膠狀的「全豬皮膠」，其黏性遠超過市售黏著劑，黏性可以高達每平方公分80 公斤，不僅材料完全不浪費、容易保存且黏性品質穩定，更重要的是能夠節省乾燥所需電量，值得推薦！

The project is devoted to the study of the Seymour’s Second Neighborhood conjecture by determining the properties of possible counterexamples to it. This problem has remained unsolved for more than 30 years, although there is some progress in its solution. The vector of the research is aimed at the analysis of possible counterexamples to the conjecture with the subsequent finding of some of their characteristic values. In addition, attention is focused on the generalized Seymour’s conjecture for vertex-weighted graphs. Combinatorial research methods and graph theory methods were used in the project. The author determines the values ​​of densities and diameters of possible counterexamples, considers separately directed graphs of diameter 3. The conditions under which specific graphs cannot be counterexamples to the Seymour’s conjecture with the minimum number or vertices are defined. The relationship between the Seymour’s conjecture and vertex-weighted Seymour’s conjecture is explained. It is proved that if there exists at least one counterexample, then there exist counterexamples with an arbitrary diameter not less than 3. Under the same condition, the existence of counterexamples with a density both close to 0 and close to 1 is also proved. The equivalence of the above two conjectures is substantiated in detail. It can be concluded that if the Seymour’s Second Neighborhood Conjecture is true for a directed graph of diameter 3, then it is true for any digraph, so that problem will be solved. Moreover, if the conjecture is true, then vertex-weighted version of this conjecture is true too. That is why a digraph of diameter 3 needs further research.

基於對鄉土關懷，我們選定生命之河~萬年溪，此為唯一通過屏東市商業區、生態公園和住宅區等之特殊溪流，利用傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀，調查溪流中塑膠微粒種類和含量，並透過TGOS系統探究人口數與塑膠微粒之相關性發現：廣東橋流域塑膠微粒量最高，推論位於『住宅區』之民生排放汙水有關；長春橋流域濃度次之，與位於『商業區』有直接關係。環境指標生物~大型水蚤濾食中會攝入塑膠微粒，相較於控制組、塑膠微粒汙染下會明顯降低水蚤活動力、心跳數；且繁殖力驟減，有顯著性差異。本研究重大發現，水生植物確實有效吸附水中塑膠微粒，另生態工法及汙水地下化系統處理，均可降解排放至海洋塑膠微粒含量，進而讓環境減塑、環保及生態系恢復榮景。

Wireless transmission products are widely used in our daily life. In this research, we focus on knowing how solid-state tesla coil works in different conditions and finding the best parameters through an easy way. In our work, a commercial electroscope was used as detector for measuring the strength of radio wave created by our simplified tesla coils. In fact, many factors would lead to experimental erorrs such as detectors, selected types of NPN BJT components, applied voltage and measuring position of height. Therefore, all of the factors were under control to make sure of accuracy and precision for our designed measuring method. In our experiment, graphics of radio wave distribution around tesla coils were drew by mathemetic software of GeoGebra. It shows the BJT types of 2n2222 had good performance for wireless transmisstion efficiency. To our surprised, we found the extended wires (called antenna) from the top of tesla coil also had an ability to transfer electromagnetic energy, and had good retention if the extended wires were within the length of main coil’s height. Finally, the shape’s and size’s effect was determined by our testing work. The result shows that pipe’s length, pipe’s diameter and turns ratio of two coils had great influence on tesla coil’s transmission efficiency. It was found that the tesla’s performance would be more efficient if wire was used to make the length twice rather than make the diameter twice. However, the turns ratio of secondary coil to primary coil would change while making the length twice. To avoid that, we fixed the length and decrease the turns of primary coil. At last, we found tesla coil must work at the turns of primary coil higher than two. Furthermore, the frequency of radio wave not only had less relationship with their length or diameter but also had less relationship with types of BJT In our study, our handmade tesla coil was succesfully applied for wireless charging and we find that the induced voltage decrease in propotion to cube root of distance between tesla coil and induced coil.

色彩知覺是人類最重要的感官之一。由於形狀、亮度、空間頻率和色彩組成的不同，每個人對色彩的感知也有所差異。我們對此現象感到著迷，並決定進行一項研究，以識別和量化不同情況下的色彩誘導。 本研究選擇以環狀刺激作為主要圖像，以測量人類視覺色彩誘導。而本實驗主要利用紅色與綠色的誘導效果。實驗中，我們採用紅色及綠色基準做為目標環狀區域，並於其中添加可變性紅色目標，以測量受試者之視覺閾限。在色彩誘導的情況下，透過環狀刺激與測量所得之視覺閾限，我們可以識別並量化環狀刺激對色彩感知造成的影響。此外，我們也發現了環狀刺激中的單一環形如何影響人們對目標環狀區域的色彩感知。 我們利用實驗所得之結果，建立了一個預測並描述色彩錯覺與細胞反應相關性的模型，而此模型將會讓我們對人類視覺系統及神經間的側交互作用有更深一層的了解。

有天我們在雜誌上看到曾侯乙編鐘出土的消息，報導中說這個鐘除震驚了中國，更受世界矚目，這讓引起了我們對這個鐘好奇，除了讚嘆古人的智慧與技術外，要如何將繁雜的青銅編鐘鑄造技術，簡化應用在日常生活中，做成實用又能演奏的樂器，讓編鐘不再遙不可及，就成了我們要進行這個研究的主要目的。本研究中，除請老師帶領我們如何依據周禮考工記中所述編鐘的各部位比例來製作筆筒筒身，利用等比級數法來理解合調性音高的音頻，並透過對編鐘樂器的理解，期待在實驗的過程中找製作出陶製雙音筆筒編鐘樂器的模式。

根據科學家的推算，太陽生成已經六十五億年了，地球的生成也已經四十六億年了，在這漫漫的時間長河中，太陽對地球的影響自然是不言可喻。古代的人類早早的就發現了太陽對地球的重要性，所以全世界古老的文明中，太陽都佔據了最重要神祗的位置。在那個沒有時間概念的年代 太陽日復一日從東邊升起西邊落下，這簡單而自然的規律也建立的人類社會發展最根本的基石，而在太陽日復一日東升西落的規律中，遠古的人類也建立了最基本的時間概念。 自然科學五年級的課程中介紹了太陽跟影子之間的關係，在課程中也提到了利用太陽來觀測時間的方法，但是因為課程進度的關係並沒有太深入的研究，所以我們希望通過這次的科展研究，以最基礎的方式來了解古人如何通過太陽規律的升落，建立了最基本的時間概念。

本研究嘗試製作商用規格，並具備相同流變現象的鐵磁流體。我們收集大量鐵磁流體製作的文獻，但普遍未提到具有良好流變性質成品的關鍵因素。為此我們設計了一套標準製作流程及器材，找出成分比例（鐵源、界面活性劑、載液）和合成步驟（攪拌、酸化、洗滌、乾燥）及反應環境（溫度、空氣）對鐵磁流體的影響。使用ImageJ計算尖峰數。利用SEM、EDS與XRD分析，成功製得粒徑<15 nm之奈米粒子。 製程中是否接觸空氣對奈米粒子的磁性產生極大的影響，未通氦氣保護時酸化pH=2.5-3；而通氦氣保護時酸化pH=4時，具有最佳的磁性。然而酸化至pH=6時化學性質最為穩定。混合水與磁流體時觀察液面產生的特殊現象，尚未被文獻提出。我們稱之為一種新形態的「不穩定現象」。

紅茶，是日常生活中常見而且是我們愛喝的飲料之一，偶然發現紅茶表面漂浮著一層酷似油的白色物質，覺得很好奇。後來拜訪茶葉專家、查詢資料也設計實驗，展開一系列有關紅茶乳化的探究與實驗，得到相關研究結果及建議如下： 1.會產生乳化現象的紅茶其實含有較豐富的成份，有機紅茶是不錯的選擇。 2.運用100℃或40℃之RO水以1:50或1:75的比例泡茶。 3.建議泡茶時可以多次拉動茶包，使茶葉在水中跳躍，釋出茶中物質。 4.維持茶溫或是讓茶溫急速降低，較不容易產生乳化現象。 5.從電解實驗得知：負極的茶水區比較有反應，我們推論茶葉中的兒茶素趨於和金屬離子產生反應，所以我們推論喝茶能有助於人體排毒(茶中的兒茶素能吸附人體中的不需要的金屬離子)。