本科展作品在研究正N邊形的頂點塗色，定義相鄰兩頂點的距離為1，先設定距離m，規定若兩頂點相距m則塗不同色，求塗完N個頂點的最少色數。當只設定1個m時，我們研究出最少色數只有2與3兩種，並清楚區分出對應條件。而設定兩個m時，我們研究出最少色數有2 , 3 , 4 , 5等四種，同樣清楚區分出對應條件。最後推廣到設定k個m時，我們證出最少色數的絕對下界為2，絕對上界為2k+1。並以N、m的奇偶性細分各情況來做出更精密的上界估計。

我們查詢綠建築資料時發現可製造「透明木材」當環保建材，但相關資訊大多是介紹如何做出成品而沒有定量討論不同變因的影響，因此我們開始設計實驗探討不同因素會如何影響透明木的特性，並可將結果拓展至應用層面來推廣此綠建築材料。 實驗發現鹼性亞硫酸鈉法中的氫氧化鈉與亞硫酸鈉是以不同的反應機制分別將木片中的木質素溶解出來，濃度越高、溫度越高效果越好，但氫氧化鈉濃度或反應溫度過高都會有反效果；以極性質子性的醇類當溶劑效果最好，次佳為極性非質子性的丙酮；不同種類去木質素藥劑與木片填充物都可成功製出透明木只是成品特性不同；最後成功製出較厚的透明木得到較強的韌度與較好的隔熱率，為綠建築的應用增加更多可變性。

Markers have become essential in school and work life due to their great usefulness for teaching and homework. Despite the benefits they have brought, markers are the cause of great contamination from the ink manufacturing process to the excessive production of plastic. Ecological inks in markers and the innovative design of a refillable marker, allow to generate less pollution without having to stop using this product. From dyes created with coffee, fruits and vegetables that pass through different processes, natural inks arise that replace the use of polluting dyes. Likewise, implementing recycling plans in different institutions, markers that were no longer used were collected to be filled with ecological inks and used again. In addition, the excessive production of plastic is reduced by selling and refilling markers and ink kits.

可利用Tracker軟體成功量化斜拋鋼珠之X軸及Y軸的分量速度。斜拋撞擊接觸面實驗：小粒徑材質，鋼珠越重則寬深比值越大且形似橢圓；中粒徑材質，鋼珠越大坑洞寬深比愈小，大粒徑材質，在120°角度時鋼珠越大則坑洞寬深比愈小。接觸面為小粒徑砂石加上麵粉其比例為2：1形成混合層鋼珠為16mm時，其拋體運動所形成的坑洞寬深比與隕石坑相似。自由落體實驗結果皆為鋼珠粒徑愈大其寬深比值越大，接觸面為小粒徑材質時寬深比大小差異不大，且相較於斜拋之寬深比小許多，較近似月球隕石坑之實際寬深比值；接觸面積為小粒徑加上麵粉則呈現出測量坑洞的深度趨於一致，且寬度則與重量大小正相關。

Swimming pools are one of the transmission routes of superficial and cutaneous fungal infections. Maintenance of environmental hygiene in different parts of swimming pools is of great importance, especially the hygiene of water (1). The conventional fungal detection methods include direct smear preparation, culture, and pathological examinations. However, these methods are not fast enough or do not have sufficient sensitivity (2). Therefore, the present research introduces a novel method for detecting Aspergillus niger in pool water through creating optimal conditions for this fungus, which leads to the citric acid production by the fungus and pH changes of the related culture medium. Four experiments in 10 steps were performed to find the optimal conditions for fungal growth. According to our results, adding each of the variables sucrose, soy, and ferrous sulfate can lead to favorable results. Moreover, the shaker speed increase and fungal aeration are important. Also, we showed that soybean led to the best results compared to other variables. Considering the obtained results, including the shortened detection duration and cost-effectiveness, this method can be presented to the swimming pool owners and pathobiology laboratories as the method of choice for Aspergillus niger detection.

Nowadays, cooling open spaces in hot seasons without using fossil fuels has gained a lot of attention. In this regard, natural air conditioning is a great method for conserving energy that can be used for reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution. Structures like windcatchers are used for natural air conditioning as a building component in warm climates since they are placed in the path of the wind and direct the wind to play a significant role in reducing the temperature. The main objective of the current study is to explore air conditioning in open spaces based on sustainable architecture. The current study reviews the relevant literature from credible journals, and it includes studies with relevant subjects published from 1851 to 2021. The findings show that implementing this design project can result in significant advances in terms of reducing humidity, removing dust and insects from the air, conserving energy, reducing the global temperature, using renewable energies, and producing conditioned air for the area

為能瞭解低海拔山區的螢火蟲資源，我們自2021年4月至2022年4月間調查新竹縣峨嵋鄉地區六寮古道螢火蟲資源，共記錄1科7屬15種，夜行性分別為黑翅螢、端黑螢、小紅黑翅螢、黃胸黑翅螢/保育類物種、黃脈翅螢、紅胸脈翅螢、梭德氏脈翅螢、紋胸黑翅螢(紋螢)、紅胸黑翅螢、山窗螢、橙螢、雙色垂鬚螢。日行性分別有、紅胸窗螢、赤腹窗螢、赤腹櫛角螢；在六寮古道發現的日行性皆為幼蟲。本研究將描述六寮古道螢火蟲物種多樣性、發生期、飼養觀察紀錄及古道地形地貌之考察，並探討其發光行為、食性及環境因子。同時也建立賞螢教育網，建議政府當局研究應研擬生態保育之對策，並進行獅頭山步道生態多樣性教育推廣。

實驗結果顯示，經過夯實步驟的道碴，彼此靠近愈形緊密，道碴間所產生的摩擦力，巧妙地達成固定枕木之效果，但是在雨天的時候，受水份的影響，而造成道碴間的摩擦力變小，尤其以泡水時的影響最大，此時枕木被道碴固定力量也變小最多;由於道碴間有縫隙，讓鐵軌在雨天的時候可迅速將路基上雨水迅速排開，路基因而不易積水，所以影響固定枕木的力量與道碴的形狀、大小、外觀圓滑與否及枕木形狀有關係外，氣候因素之於道碴濕潤程度亦不容小覷。此外，道碴還有分散火車重量防止鐵軌下陷的功能，可讓火車行駛在鐵軌上穩定性較高也較安全。

本研究從地質組成之調查與實驗操作，探討礁溪溫泉之形成，了解礁溪溫泉區地底的原始溫泉，是順著四稜砂岩的節理和斷層湧出沖積扇，形成平地溫泉。 再經由得子口溪調查和測量活動中發現，得子口溪中、下游，因地底砂石、泥沙等沉積物的孔隙較大，溪水會滲到地底下再流到地勢較低的礁溪溫泉區內。經測量，最大的下滲量為0.338 m3/s，下滲率為0.2594mm/s。 再透過分析2013年礁溪監測井之資料，了解礁溪溫泉泉溫的特性後，設置「礁溪溫泉」模擬裝置，以進行抽取溫泉井之泉水實驗，藉此了解大量抽取溫泉是否會造成礁溪溫泉區泉溫下降。 最後，分析2009年~2013年，礁溪溫泉區監測井之資料，以驗證上述「礁溪溫泉」模擬裝置抽水實驗的實驗結果，分析結果發現，礁溪溫泉區監測井，自2012年起，泉溫均有下降的情形。

In Singapore’s evolving cyber landscape, 96% of organisations have suffered at least one cyber attack and 95% of organisations have been reporting more sophisticated attacks in the frame of one year according to a 2019 report[1] by Carbon Black. As such, more tools must be utilised to counter increasingly refined attacks performed by malicious actors. Honeypots are effective tools for studying and mitigating these attacks. They work as decoy systems, typically deployed alongside real systems to capture and log the activities of the attacker. These systems are useful as they can actively detect potential attacks, help cybersecurity specialists study an attacker’s tactics and even misdirect attackers from their intended targets. Honeypots can be classified into two main categories: 1. Low-interaction honeypots merely emulate network services and internet protocols, allowing for limited interaction with the attacker. 2. High-interaction honeypots emulate operating systems, allowing for much more interaction with the attacker. Although honeypots are powerful tools, its value diminishes when its true identity is uncovered by attackers. This is especially so with attackers becoming more skilled through system fingerprinting or analysing network traffic from targets and hence, hindering honeypots from capturing more experienced attackers. While substantial research has been done to defend against system fingerprinting scans (see 1.1 Related Work), not much has been done to defend against network traffic analysis. As pointed out by Symantec[2][3], when attackers attempt to sniff network traffic of the system in question, the lack of network traffic raises a red flag, increasing the likelihood of the honeypot’s true identity being discovered. In addition, the main concern with regards to honeypot deployment being their ability to attract and engage attackers for a substantial period of time, an increased ability to interest malicious actors is invaluable. Producing human-like network activity on a honeypot would appeal to more malicious actors. Hence, this research aims to build an intelligent web-surfer which can learn and thus simulate human web-surfing behaviour, creating evidence of human network activities to disguise the identity of honeypots as production systems and luring in more attackers interested in packet sniffing for malicious purposes.

眾所周知，「如何使用三種不同邊長的正三角形，去拼出邊長最小的正三角形？」這個問題是困難的。本文限縮在分層或拼接的拼法下，探討此問題，並得到了答案。解決過程中牽涉到正整數解的存在性問題──如何找最小的正整數z，使得方程式ax+by=cz有正整數解，其中a、b、c為三種正三角形的邊長。

本研究意旨探討印度洋偶極震盪（IOD）與北印度洋熱帶氣旋之間的關係。因氣旋原始數據過於複雜，在簡化氣旋各項數據後與再與不同IOD年份做比對，找出IOD與氣旋間 的趨勢，並以T檢定驗證兩者間關係的信心度，增加研究可信度。 研究結果顯示發生印度洋偶極現象的年度，其年最大氣旋強度平均值與年總氣旋能量指數平均值，均顯著高於正常年。且東印度洋生成的氣旋傾向生命周期較短但強度較強，西印度洋生成的氣旋則傾向生命週期長而強度較弱。