全國中小學科展

2012年

Drawing versus Clay

1. Purpose of Research / Project The purpose of this research was to find out whether clay has any diagnostic value as a three-dimensional medium compare to drawing which is two dimensional medium and to determine if learners would prefer to work with clay or to rather draw a picture when depicting their ″feeling-stories″. Furthermore to do research on the effect that different coloured clay has on the emotions and behavior of learners during therapy. 2. Procedure A number of learners from different backgrounds, ages and cultures were used in this empirical research. They were asked to draw a ″feeling-story″ with a two-dimensional medium and then depict a ″feeling-story″ with different coloured clay which is a three-dimensional medium. Afterwards they had to describe their stories. They also had to choose what they liked best-the two-dimensional medium (drawing) or the three-dimensional medium (clay). 3. Data From the results it was clear that clay projections have diagnostic value. The learners were able to communicate their ″feeling-story″ better by using the three-dimensional figures in a verbal and non-verbal way. Through actions and the choice of coloured clay they used, they could portray and describe their emotions and symbolic messages. This indicated that they enjoyed the clay projections more than the drawings they made. 4. Conclusion From my research I found that clay as a three-dimensional medium has diagnostic value and can be applied as a supplementary projection medium. Different coloured clay can be associated with different emotions and behaviours in children. More learners preferred to work with clay (three-dimensional) as a medium in depicting their ″feeling-story″ rather than drawing two-dimensional pictures.

Extreme Mouse Mobile

Objective To design build and run 5 Mouse mobiles – vehicles which use mousetraps as their only source of energy. Targets- • Go up a ramp • Raise a flag • Hit something and set it free • Deliver something • Catapult Details These mouse mobiles are original creations which include some commercially produced parts. They are powered by single spring driven standard wooden mousetraps. They are 5 in number each being used for the respective tasks. Basic structure Each mousetrap consists of a 2 parallel wooden planks which has 2 holes drilled on either sides for the rear and front axles. A rod is used as the axle and CD disks are used as wheels. The mousetrap is attached to the planks. Movement and Locomotion To move the mouse mobile a string is connected to the rear axle. The string runs through 2 pulleys which change the direction of the applied force and are attached to the hammer of the spring. When the vehicle is pulled backwards on the floor tension is created in the string (as the hammer is stretched) which gets stored in the form of spring energy. When the wheels are released on the floor the rear axle starts rotating hence propelling the mouse mobile forward. Completion of objectives 1) To go up a ramp For the required task a high amount of torque would be needed .That will be sufficiently provided by the spring energy. 2) Raise a flag For the required task a rod is placed on the wooden platform. The flag is placed at the bottom of the rod; it is connected to the hammer of the mousetrap using a string. The spring and the rod are placed in the opposite directions. When the hammer is released after being stretched it pulls the string and raises the flag. 3) Deliver something For the required task 2 mouse mobiles are used. A platform of any hard and light material is attached to the rear of a mouse mobile. After reaching the desired location, when the hammer of the primary spring is fully relaxed it hits the catch of another stationary mouse mobile. The hammer of the respective catch is connected to the platform using a string. Upon activation the hammer is released, the platform is pulled with extremely high speed and the materials on the platform, due to their moment of inertia fall down. 4) Hit something and set it free. For the required task 2 mouse mobiles are used. A small mousetrap is attached to the front of the mouse mobile which is in contact to the required object. The other mouse mobile on reaching the above vehicle hits its catch using its hammer. The hammer of the stationary mouse mobile is released and the object is hit and set free. 5) Catapult For the required task 2 mouse mobiles are used. A mousetrap is attached to the front of stationary mouse mobile which is attached to a strainer and the object to be catapulted is placed inside it .Another mouse mobile approaches is and hits the catch hence activating the hammer and the object is catapulted.

探討在不同組織表現LWD1/2基因對阿拉伯芥生物時鐘的影響

阿拉伯芥中,生物時鐘 (circadian clock) 會產生 24 小時之概日韻律 (circadian rhythm) 使植物適應環境中的溫度與光線變化。在阿拉伯芥中目前已經發現 LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) 和 LWD2 基因和調控生物時鐘有關,使其維持正常的一天 24 小時週期。當 LWD1 與LWD2 基因產生突變時,植物的生物時鐘週期會由一天24小時變為一天只有18小時。之前研究結果顯示 LWD1/2 會在維管束大量表現,由於目前對於維管束生物時鐘之運轉機制所知甚少,因此我們希望能進一步研究 LWD1/2 與維管束生物時鐘間的關係。 為了解 LWD1/2 在維管束中表現是否與其功能相關,我們將此兩種基因接上只會在維管束或葉肉細胞中表現的啟動子,轉殖入 lwd1 lwd2 雙突變株中進行互補試驗 (complementation test);藉由觀察生物時鐘週期是否從 18 小時恢復為 24 小時,以了解這兩個基因的作用位置及功能。由實驗結果來看,我們發現不論是單獨在維管束或是葉肉細胞中表現 LWD1 或 LWD2 基因,皆會影響到阿拉伯芥的生物時鐘,整棵植株表現出的綜合週期,介於野生型 24 小時與 lwd1 lwd2 雙突變株 18 小時之間。這個結果顯示,不同組織之間的生物時鐘可能不會互相影響;而 LWD1/2 雖於維管束中有較高的表現量,但仍需要在葉肉細胞表現才能具備完整功能。

綠色化學-應用吸水高分子螯合銀離子並製成奈米銀

聚丙烯酸(PAA)是尿布中吸水成份,我們利用其結構上的羧基螯合Ag+,並成功以甲醛將Ag+還原成奈米銀。但我們意外發現螯合Ag+的PAA白色粉末在沒有其他還原劑存在下也會漸漸變成黃色,與「利用甲醛還原製得的奈米銀」顏色十分相似。本實驗即揭開此粉末變色真相,希望能在不使用額外還原劑下,直接以PAA將螯合的Ag+製成奈米銀,不僅具環保與實用價值,更能使奈米銀製程朝向綠色化學。我們透過水溶性聚丙烯酸鈉(SPA)在均相中進行變色機制探討及影響變因的研究,找出有利的反應條件,再應用於PAA。研究證實PAA能將螯合的Ag+同步還原成奈米銀,反應機制與檸檬酸鈉作用模式相似,而提升濃度、溫度或照光有利於反應,酸性條件則不利,照各種色光也有所差異。

探討第三號誘餌受體對NOD小鼠糖尿病預防與T細胞分化影響之研究

DcR3是腫瘤壞死因子6B的成員(Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily),又稱為TR6或M68。DcR3會藉由與Fas Ligand, LIGHT或TL1A等細胞表面配位結合,阻擋T細胞的死亡訊息傳輸,保護該細胞免於細胞凋亡;另外,DcR3也會與抗原呈現細胞的硫化肝素糖蛋白結合,誘導未分化之T細胞發育成能減少自體免疫疾病發生的Th2細胞,顯示DcR3有充分作為自體免疫疾病預防之藥物的可能性。因此我藉本實驗探討DcR3對T細胞分化與發育造成的影響與造成此一現象的原因。 根據實驗結果,我們發現DcR3不僅有上述之功能,更能增加調節型T細胞(Treg)這種抑制免疫反應的特殊T細胞表現量,若能藉由Treg調控免疫系統活力,將可改善易般免疫抑制劑治療造成病人免疫力下降之缺點。因此我藉由NOD小鼠,實際檢測DcR3在活體中對抗自體免疫疾病發生的能力,並以DcR3與T 細胞之交互作用實驗,探討現象的成因。根據實驗結果,在Somatic gene therapy和Protein therapy的實驗中,皆可看出疾病延遲發生的現象。而在DcR3對T細胞存活率的影響方面,可看出DcR3並不會造成T細胞之異常死亡。故我們推測DcR3可藉由增加Treg表現量減緩或降低NOD小鼠糖尿病的發病。 因此我們認為DcR3非常有潛力作為未來自體免疫疾病預防或移植手術後用以抗排斥之藥物。

刑案現場大發現-那是血嗎?

目前警察機關採用酚酞法檢驗有無血跡存在的可能性,我們希望研發新的試劑取代酚酞以增加靈敏度。 研發實驗分為四個階段: 一、 定性階段:實驗何種指示劑可取代酚酞法,檢驗有無血跡存在的可能性。 二、 定量階段:實驗新試劑與雙氧水之最適比例以及新試劑與不同血液樣品之反應速率比較。 三、 靈敏度比較階段:實驗亞甲藍法與酚酞法在不同濃度樣品的比較。 四、 反應機構推論階段:由實驗推論可能的反應機構並由新試劑之結構探討可能的反應機構。 實驗結果顯示,我們已成功地找到新的試劑(亞甲藍)作為初步血跡預備試驗。亞甲藍除了較容易配製、顏色不易與血液混淆,且在檢驗有無血跡時,其靈敏度亦較酚酞法高,以上優點證實此新試劑亦可做為血跡檢驗之用,作為初步血液預備檢驗。

The discovery of America

1.- Purpose of the research This Game is a new education system, where we take as reference a historical event called "The Discovery of America." The objective is to implement a new way of teaching materials using the technology developed in recent decades, where the teacher uses a modern and educational support to keep the mind of the student in ongoing activity; this will allow greater retention which gives result better understanding and more knowledge. The system is designed to model how to teach with the versatility of being a teacher to provide knowledge through a book because it contains the text outlined and summarized the history and examination by the implementation of questions that offer 4 possible answers and answering incorrectly restart the game, it forces the player to pay attention and remember information. 2. Procedures It divided the two-step strategy: 1. Define the game. The player is asked to bring the features of the game. It must recognize three: a) The technical aspects, allowing the appropriation of technological language and sometimes the understanding of the technology used to play is essential for future acquisitions; b) the commercial tab: identify which company developed the game, age or classification suggested, price, where purchased, country of origin, etc.., a review of the business tab allows to point out habits, and c) a description of the game, review of the plot, characters, history, objectives, modality, gender (role, simulation, strategy, battle, etc..) duration, etc.. This category allows the recognition of recreational preferences of the subject. 2. Thinking the game. Before, during or after the game the subject must think what you do to win or how the game unfolds. Contrary to what seems, while playing one thinks and sometimes thinks that performing other tasks and this time it is the player or the viewer understand the way it works and identify the physical or mental is used to play, trying to understand what I do but most of all how I do it, it is metacognition. 3. Data This prototype is structured in RSS: stands for Ruby Scripting System: System with Ruby Scripting for games. Object-Oriented programming "OOP" is a model used by the most programming languages, that lets you use objects and their relationships to program what will be the final application. In order to expand its use were included languages spoken in America and expanded platform for different operating systems. 4. Conclusions With this fun game is a simple way to learn the story in time, the environment and the circumstances where the player is the student of our system that shapes the teacher, book review, making it a modern and practical way to teach with the advantage of keeping the mind active during the use of our game, this allows the continued interest in the student normally lost in conventional classes.

車輛滑動預防系統研究

近年來,未拉上手煞車所造成的傷害事故層出不窮,主要有兩個導因,一、車主已離車但未拉上手煞車;二、看見自己的車已經開始滑動,想用徒手力量阻擋。因為車輛的質量很大,往往沒有辦法阻止,反而造成了車主自身或周遭行人的傷亡。本設計主要功能是用於車輛滑動的預防。我們運用了加速規來感測地面的坡度,當車輛停放在斜坡,駕駛座上無人,且沒有拉起手煞車,本系統將會自動偵測,我們使用了OPA比較電路來判斷坡度是否達到我們預設的值,如果是,系統將會啟動警報器警告周圍的人,而且會自動將手煞車拉起,以防止車輛繼續下滑,這就是我們所發明的智慧手煞車的作動原理及基本的構想。我們希望藉由此設計,達到減少因未拉上手煞車而造成的事故,並且能藉由警報聲改正駕駛人習慣,減少傷亡提升車輛安全。

Complicated reproductive system in the Brown-foot Ant, Technomyrmex brunneus. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

本研究主要針對棕色扁琉璃蟻的生殖型蟻以及其生殖行為進行探討。在生殖季節中,處女蟻后出現的比例明顯高於有翅型雄蟻。而蟻后的死亡率高,且其所產下的卵有27%為畸型卵,具有生殖衰退(reproductive decline)的現象。此外,部分棕色扁琉璃蟻聚落中,蟻后會被工蟻逐出巢外並進行搬運屍體、搬運廢棄物及覓食等職蟻的行為。 有別於大多數的蟻種,棕色扁琉璃蟻存在著工蟻型雄蟻(Ergatoid male)和具有生殖能力的工蟻。工蟻型雄蟻的外型與氣味皆與一般工蟻相似,羽化後即具有生殖能力,可與聚落中多隻生殖型工蟻行多次交配(multiple mating);而可生殖的工蟻又包含三種中間階級(intercaste),於體長、複眼數目、胸線皆有所差異,微卵管數目則可依階級分為4至6條、12至14條、18至22條三種範圍。 棕色扁琉璃蟻的繁衍方式是多樣且複雜的:聚落中主要由生殖型工蟻進行有性生殖及孤雌產雌,繁殖出蟻后、工蟻和二種型態的雄蟻。而蟻后則可與有翅型雄蟻交配,但只產出一般工蟻及生殖型工蟻。 本研究首次提出了棕色扁琉璃蟻具有工蟻型雄蟻,而對這種具有複雜生殖方式的社會結構之探討,也為聚落發展的方式提供了一個新的研究方向

Free Dome

In the future, energy supply is the most serious problem to our society due to the shortage of fossil fuel. We should try to save energy as much as we can in different aspects in order to maintain the sustainable development of our society. According to the statistic report of electrical end uses 2008, showing that Space conditioning and Lighting shared 27% and 12% of the total electricity supply respectively. We design this “Free-Dome” to provide the individual users unique spaces for their work or entertainment where the lighting and temperature are easily and freely controllable. As a result, we may save lots of energy by reducing the lighting and space conditioning to the unnecessary area or public area.