傳統表面張力的測量儀器多屬較為貴重、攜帶不便的精密儀器，不利於一般生活或教學上使用。我們發現開口不等高的連通管水面溢出低管口端時，高管口端水位比較高，於是試圖利用此液面高度差來測量表面張力。我們探討了連通管的高度、內徑大小及材質對於液面高度差的影響，並利用此原理測量已知表面張力的液體，將液面高度差所造成的壓力與標準值做比較。結果發現液面高度差確實可以用來測量表面張力，但是低管口端要用疏水性材質的細管，測量會較準確。如果使用內徑0.5mm 的鐵氟龍管，測量出來的液面高度差(h)×液體比重(ρ)的值，與標準表面張力(T)之間呈線性關係【T(dyne/cm)=10.6(h×ρ)+6.51】，相關係數高達0.9996 (p

孤雌產雌(Thelytokous Parthenogenesis) 是一種雌性個體未經過交配，自行產出擁有雙套染色體之雌性子代的生殖行為。目前在其他已發表的文獻中，僅有四種亞科的十一種螞蟻採取此種生殖方式，並依照其形式的不同，區分成三種孤雌產雌的類型。本研究主要針對光滑管琉璃蟻工蟻的孤雌產雌行為進行探討，證實未與雄蟻交配過的工蟻，能自行產下具有雙倍體的後代。統計結果指出，超過87%的大型聚落是由產卵工蟻領導，形成缺后聚落，而每一個蟻巢至少會有80%以上的工蟻轉變為產卵工蟻。\r 研究中也發現，產卵工蟻的產卵速率明顯高於蟻后、其子代發育週期亦較蟻后短，顯示出光滑管琉璃蟻缺后聚落以孤雌產雌擴張的優勢。大多數的產卵工蟻在外型上較一般工蟻長，我們能夠在其腹間膜膨大時觀察腹部內加以區分二者。當蟻巢位處於休眠狀態產卵工蟻的表面碳氫化合物與內部腺體的組成成分與一般工蟻有別，而解剖後可在其微卵管中發現卵。此外，兩者在分工上，產卵工蟻除了確保聚落的繁衍，還需照顧其手足；一般工蟻則負責巢外的覓食與警戒等工作。\r 本研究首次記錄了琉璃蟻亞科行孤雌產雌的行為，而這種對於孤雌產雌與有性生殖並行之蟻種的探討，也?孤雌產雌創立了一個新的研究方向。

台灣過去40 年來，許多牛乳廠商會因牛乳供應量不足摻雜奶粉以增加利潤，為了解決這問題，本實驗提供一種快速且準確的免疫呈色法檢測牛乳中有無摻雜奶粉。因奶粉的加工過程中加熱是必須的，所以本實驗是利用單株抗體只與牛乳中因加熱而變性的蛋白質反應。實驗步驟非常簡單，首先，用一支玻棒沾附待測鮮乳，經過簡短的清洗及化學處理後，玻棒尖端會與經特殊製備的單株抗體反應。最後，將玻棒放入已製備好的溶劑中呈色。當溶液呈現綠色，表示待測乳中摻有奶粉。整個實驗流程只需短短八分鐘。據我所知，該方法是相當具有新穎性且從來未被應用過。這是個令人興奮的發現，足以解決多年來酪農業中牛乳摻雜奶粉的問題。For the last 40-years, owing to the limited supply of commercial raw milk, the industry sometimes would mix the dry milk into the raw milk to increase their profit. To detect whether or not the milk on the market contains the poor quality’s dry milk, I invented a rapid and sensitive colorimetric immunoassay. The assay essentially utilizes a monoclonal antibody that only reacted with the thermal denatured protein presented in the dry milk. First, a glass tip-stick was dipped in to the milk to be tested. Second, following a brief wash and chemical treatment, the glass tip was reacted with the monoclonal antibody that has been specifically produced. Finally, the glass tip was dipped into a reagent containing developer. When the solution develops a color in green, it indicates the milk definitely contains dry milk. The entire procedure only takes 8 minutes to finish. To the best of my knowledge, this method is novel and has never been shown before. It represents an exciting discovery that solves the malpractice of mixing dry and raw milk in our dairy industry.

近年來在熱聲效應方面的研究產生了許多新發明，如冰淇淋冰箱與太空梭溫控系統等。然而，將熱能轉換成聲能的熱聲引擎，在散熱方面的效用只有被提起而從未被實際應用。本研究參考美國賓州大學「聲學雷射」裝置來研究熱聲引擎的特性，並提出一個以熱聲效應改善微電子器材散熱的裝置。它的優點是由電子裝置產生的熱即可啟動熱聲效應，而熱聲效應所加強的熱對流可降低該電子零件的溫度。實驗中發現透過熱聲效應的強烈散熱，可以大為降溫，由200℃降為50℃左右，這正是當代電腦內中央處理器（CPU）的工作溫度範圍。未來的研究可以針對陣列式的熱聲散熱裝置進行測試。In this project, the characteristics of the thermoacoustic engine were first studied using the “Acoustic Laser” concept. A passive thermoacoustically enhanced convection engine capable of improving the cooling effect of microelectronic devices was then proposed. This design has the advantage that no additional energy input is required, a contrast to the usage of mini-fans in today’s computers. A testbed combining a heated NiCr wire with a glass tube was used to examine the overall cooling effect. In order to evaluate its performance, we measured the following parameters: radiation, convection, conduction, and acoustic radiation. We found that the heat caused by today’s microelectronic devices is sufficiently high to trigger the thermoacoustic effect. Based on this finding, we designed a new configuration to utilize this thermoacoustically enhanced convection to significantly lower the temperature. Our approach has a potential application to tackle the heat problems caused by the rapidly advancing microelectronic devices.

海水倒灌一直是台灣西南沿海地區居民揮之不去的夢靨，所以本研究的目的即根據資料了解西南沿海地區的地質、地勢、現況以及參考專家分析造成海水倒灌的可能因素後，因此設計了【模擬沿海地區海水倒灌的模型箱】，再進行【超抽地下水會導致地層下陷及海水入侵的實驗】、【了解地下水鹽化灌溉農作物的生長情形】，最後企圖找出農作物鹽化的即時處理及土壤鹽化恢復的方法，還有利用太陽能以低壓簡易蒸餾的方式模擬海水淡化的可行性，希望能解決海水倒灌的後遺症問題。Inwelling is a problem which has affected the inhabitants of the coastal regions of Southwest Taiwan for many years. This study examines the geological and topographical structure of the coastal regions of Southwest Taiwan, and considers experts’ views on the possible causes of inwelling. This information is used as the basis for designing a box for modeling inwelling in the coastal regions, experimentation to study land subsidence and inwelling caused by excessive extraction of groundwater, and examination of the impact on crop growth of irrigation using groundwater which has been affected by salinification. Finally, the study seeks to find methods for dealing promptly with the salinification of agricultural crops and for the remediation of salinified soil. In addition, solar energy is used (with a simple, low-pressure distillation method) to model the feasibility of desalinifying seawater in the region in question, in the hope that this will help to remedy some of the aftereffects of inwelling.

本研究的目的在探討數種水果分解?，對萃取洋蔥DNA 的影響，想了解在什麼情況下，哪一種水果分解?的反應最快。研究結果發現：實驗所選水果都含分解?，以火龍果汁分解?反應最快。沒有加火龍果汁分解?的洋蔥溶液，加入酒精後一樣會分層出像DNA 的白色棉絮團狀物，但分層時間長，超過15 分鐘以上；而加入火龍果汁後，反應時間明顯會增快，快至30 到40 秒內完成，可知火龍果汁分解?有催化作用。在火龍果汁的量方面，由0%逐步加到20%時，以10%反應時間就達到極限，再增加單位果汁量並沒有顯著差異。在不同溫度的火龍果汁方面，除了常溫(22.5℃)外，冷凍(-10℃)、冷藏(4.2℃)和加溫(42.9℃)反應時間都變慢，這是因為每一種?都有一個反應最佳的溫度，溫度太低，?的活性會降低，溫度太高?可能會變性失去催化作用。本研究用的火龍果分解?在常溫下的反應最快。更進一步的研究發現，以最不易被萃取DNA 的鳳梨當分解?，萃取火龍果種子的DNA 時，可以萃取到較純又多的火龍果DNA。In this study, what I notice most about the phenomena of a extraction DNA method by using fruit’s enzyme are stepping progressive researches, that are at first qualitative analysis, then quantitative analysis (volumetric analysis), and finally deep study the interaction (special phenomena) among the onion juice, fruit’s enzymes, salt solution and 95% ethyl alcohol. The enzymes of various kinds of fruits were explored in a kitchen as a laboratory. The compare methods of fruits’ enzymes reaction rate have been proposed. The hand-made experimental systems, six synchronic agitation machines and six synchronic ejectors were developed and have been set up to control the key parameters and find out the phenomena of the reaction process. The key parameters are the quantity of onion slurry, fruit’s enzymes, salt solution, 95% ethyl alcohol, temperature and mixing time. The results show that: (1) The onion DNA phenomena through fruit’s juice as enzyme is visible in kitchen as a laboratory. (2) The hand-made experimental system demonstrated an effective way to control mixing times, therefore compare methods have well been simplified. (3) All fruits’ juice has enzymes function. Normally, the reaction time in process is more than 15 minutes. (4) The enzyme of fruit Pitaya has the highest activity. The reaction time in process of Pitaya juice as enzyme in the reactant onion slurry is less than 40 second. (5)And the optimal quantity of Pitaya juice is 10% of the reactants, since the reaction rate might seem like to the saturated speed, if more than 10%. (6) The reaction rate depends strongly on temperature. The optimal temperature is room temperature, 22.5℃. Finally, the aggregating effect of the DNA and protein was also observed. The reacted products were examined with the optical microscope and the composition of the products was analyzed and identified by using the UV diffraction method. The interaction among DNA, proteins, salt, ethyl alcohol and water was investigated with computer simulation ( the software “Hyper Chem”).

Estimated colony size is a basic work to count population of social insect up. It is not easy to measure any natural population accurately, in this respect, social insects here some advantages and some disadvantages over non-social ones. Previous studies have focused largely on the experimental colony of ants, such as Lasius niger, Myrmica sabuleti and Formica rufa, in the artificial nest. Furthermore, base on the division of labor, traditional Mark-Recapured Methods can not be used to measure complete colony of ant correcty. Here, we show that new method has be set up to calculate the colony of the ground black-giant ant, Camponotus fruedae，with a new indicator, ant hill. Predictions about the division of labor introduced to amend the formula of estimated population are discussed.本實驗探討黑巨蟻的蟻丘之形狀和生物意義，並分析利用何種方法能估算最準確的聚落大小。利用幾何圖形證明黑巨蟻會築似圓的蟻丘，並利用標識捕捉法的Petersen method(又稱為Lincoln index)、Schnabel method 和蟻丘大小重量，來推算黑巨蟻聚落之大小。發現黑巨蟻會築似圓度90%的蟻丘，而且標識捕捉法的Petersen method(又稱為Lincoln index)、Schnabel method 並不能精確的推算出黑巨蟻之聚落大小；應使用黑巨蟻之蟻丘的重量當作參數來推算，才不會忽略幼蟲的存在。

家庭中為了節省油量的使用，常將所剩的油品另存於容器中，以待下次使用。近年來，已有不少文獻報告指出，這種「回鍋」的使用方式，往往使得油品品質變得相當低劣。近來市面上有不少的油品，標榜添加天然維生素E，使消費者趨之若鶩，作為一種吸引消費的手段；這激發了我們極高的興趣，因為在文獻中已知道維生素E在室溫下確實可抑制油品的氧化；但添加的油品經過回鍋後，其對油品的影響卻仍不得而知。我們利用鐵鍋油炸澱粉食物，並經由反覆的油炸與冷卻，模擬更真實的回鍋情形。並添加抗氧化劑，包括維生素E和酯化的維生素E，以及回鍋次數等不同的變因進行實驗，進行油品品質的化學變化的測量。經由實驗結果顯示，經數次的回鍋烹煮，油品品質因為一連串的化學反應變得十分低劣；另外，添加酯化的維生素E的油品在某些方面的確減少了某些不良生成物的形成(如游離脂肪酸、羰基化合物等)，但在某些方面如氧化程度的比較(共軛雙鍵的生成)卻與一般無添加的回鍋油無異。反倒是添加維生素E對於回鍋油品質的影響在實驗結果的每方面看來，不管是酸敗氧化或是裂解成羰基化合物都能夠有效地減少或產生抑制的作用；故添加維生素E對於回鍋油的品質的確有正面性的影響！Cooking oil is often reused in homes in order to economize on its use. In the past few years, many reports have pointed out that ”reusing” oil this way always changes the properties of oil and makes it spoiled. Also in the past few years, many oil products have appeared on market that highlight the fact that vitamin E has been added, in order to attract consumers. This attracted our interest, since we know that on the basis of several studies, vitamin E indeed has an antioxidizing effect at room temperature or below. However, it is not know what effect vitamin E has on re-cooked oil. Therefore, in this experiment we simulated the re-cooking process by frying steamed dumplings in an iron wok with soybean oil, and repeatedly cooling and re-using the oil. Variable factors were the added antioxidants(vitamin E and vitamin E acetate) and the number of re-cooking times. The chemical variation in the resulting oil was tested with regard to acid value, viscosity, carbonyl value, and the value of conjugated bonds. The results indicated that as the number of re-cooking times increased, the quality of the oil had undergone a series of chemical reactions and became spoiled. Also, the addition of vitamin E and vitamin E acetate indeed reduced the formation of certain unhealthful products such as free fatty acids, carbonyl groups, and so on. In certain respects, such as the quantity of oxidized components in the oil, there is no obvious difference between ordinary oil and oil with the vitamin E acetate additives. However, the addition of vitamin E to cooking oil, based on the results of this experiment, can effectively reduce or suppress processes causing rancidity and breakdown into carbonyl groups. Therefore, the addition of vitamin E or vitamin E acetate dose have a positive effect on re-cooked oil.

兩年來，台灣仍籠罩在 921 大地震的陰影之下。而大地震突如其來的發生，往往危害到人類的生命和財產。我突發奇想的要用一些人類所能觀察到的現象來推測地震的發生，於是我想到或許可以以地震發生時強大的能量，來推估地震的發生。我起初做此研究的時候，發現用通測來測量地面溫度，並非容易 · 由於遙測大都是用來測量海面溫度，要用來測量地面溫度有其困難存在，但經過一連串的修正之後，配合中央氣象局所提供的氣象資料，以能得到準確的資料 · 研究過程中，雖然屢屢發生困難，但都能順利解決，使我自己備感高興。Two years after it happened ‘ the September 21st earthquake still haunts Taiwan. The suddenness of these earthquakes often brings great harm to our lives and property. In this research’ I try to observe some common signs that may warn of earthquakes. I thought it possible to use the massive energy release in earthquakes to predict their happening’ at first ‘ I found that remote sensing surface temperatures is not easy. Because most remote sensing is used for measuring the temperature of ocean surfaces ‘ it is difficult to measure surface temperatures ‘ but after a number of corrections and based on information from the central weather bureau’ it is possible to acquire accurate information. I am glad that all the difficulties in the course of research have been resolved.

1. 碘酒的配製 碘是非金屬元素，符號為I、而碘分子為I2，具有消毒殺菌作用。碘(I2)不溶於水，在酒精中的溶解速率慢，但非常容易溶於含有碘離子(I－)的水溶液，因I2容易與I－構成錯離子 ，易溶於水。因此要配製碘酒時，要先將1.0克的碘化鉀溶於10毫升的蒸餾水後，加入碘2.5克與酒精50毫升，攪拌使碘完全融解，再加蒸餾水配成100毫升，即成為常用的皮膚消毒劑。 2.碘酒不適於消毒傷口 碘酒與雙氧水一樣，是醫師用來消毒無傷口的皮膚以便進行手術的，因為傷口經不起任何刺激，過於刺激會抑制傷口癒合，有時還會造成疤痕。傷口的消毒最好使用無菌的生理食鹽水沖洗。 3.碘酒與紅藥水不能混用 因為碘酒含有碘(I2)，而紅藥水含有汞(Hg)，兩者相遇會產生碘化汞(HgI2)，碘化汞為劇毒物質，對皮膚黏膜有強烈的刺激作用，可能會引起黏膜潰瘍，所以碘酒和紅藥水不能混用或先後使用。 4.碘酒可用於檢驗澱粉 碘與澱粉的反應非常靈敏，一般稱為碘－澱粉反應。衛生單位曾利用碘－澱粉反應以檢驗餐館碗盤的清潔。碘－澱粉反應的呈色可能是藍、藍紫、棕、甚至粉紅，太濃時可能成黑色。澱粉的組成大約可分為兩類，直鏈澱粉與支鏈澱粉。例如：可溶性澱粉含直鏈澱粉的成分較多，可溶於熱水形成膠體溶液，與碘酒作用則呈現藍色。澱粉遇碘酒會呈現什麼顏色，取決於澱粉中的直鏈澱粉與支鏈澱粉的比例。有的豆類所含的澱粉，幾乎是直鏈的，遇碘酒呈藍色，而糯米中的澱粉幾乎是支鏈的，遇碘酒則呈現紫色。 【動手做】 1.取急救箱的碘酒5滴，加水20滴後攪拌均勻，得黃褐色的碘酒稀溶液，作為檢驗澱粉之用。 2.取一粒生米，搗成粉末後，滴碘酒稀溶液於粉末上，觀察有何變化？ 3.另取一粒飯(熟米)後滴一滴碘酒稀溶液於飯粒上，比較與生米有何不同？ 4.以同樣的方式檢驗家裡的食物，例如：稀飯汁、餅乾、玉米等仔細觀察其顏色的異同。

本文由三個結合 tan−1 與費波那契數列的等式及其所搭配的無字證明圖形出發, 做出和盧卡斯數列有關的圖形, 並由數學歸納法找出並證明 tan−1 與盧卡斯數列及一般二階線性遞迴數列的全新等式： This paper startes with three equations of tan−1 and the Fibonacci sequence combined with the diagrams used to prove the three equations without words. According to the principle of mathematical induction, we continued to find out the similar equations of the Lucas numbers and the second-order liner recursive sequences as follows.

所謂約瑟夫數列，就是有n 個數排成一環狀，從頭開始，殺1(個數)留1(個數)，求倒數第k 個留下的數會是多少？約瑟夫數列在台灣的全國中小學科學展覽出現多次（如下表）。全國科學展覽與本題類似的作品 資訊界演算法大師Donlad E. Knuth 在其著作The Art of Programing，CONCRETE MATHEMATICS，也針對該數列作詳細的說明。唯，不論是歷屆科學展覽或是大師的著作，對於該數列，都只是談及殺1 留β或是殺α留1。 筆者則在2005 年暑假，曾經提交於全國國小組比賽作品「老師無法解決的難題」討論到n 個人排成一圈經過殺α留β，最後留下來的情形。 本研究是將α、β、k 和n 作為變數，求：當有n 個數排成一環狀，從頭開始，殺α(個數) 留β(個數)，則倒數第k 個留下的數會是多少？ 需符合α、β、k、n 皆∈N，且n≧k 1.直觀觀察:發現在每一個循環中，當n 等差α時，Aα,β,n,k 則等差α+β、n- Aα,β,n,k 則等差β。 2.分類:將其分類為cα,n，使當中有規律可求。 3.循環觀察:發現每個循環的尾數n- Aα,β,n,k 都小於β。 4.循環尾數:設計公式求出每個循環節的尾數n、留下數Aα,β,n,k 及n-Aα,β,n,k 。 5.倒推:由與循環節中有等差的性質，則可以由循環節的尾數，推論出循環節中的任意一數。 Joseph Sequence is the problem that discussed the situation of eliminating1 and retaining1 in the circle formed by n people. Joseph Sequence has appeared a number of times in National Elementary School and Middle School Science Fair in Taiwan (as shown in the table below). Past national science fairs and researches on Joseph Sequence The publications，The Art of Programing，CONCRETE MATHEMATICS ，by the expert of mathematical calculation in the IT industry，Donlad E. Knuth，has provided detailed explanation on it. However, all of those only discussed eliminating 1 and retaining β or eliminating α and retaining 1. The researcher proposed “Problems unsolved by teachers” in the national competition, and discussed the situation of eliminating α and retaining β in the circle formed by n people. This study continued the summer project of 2005, and conducted research on the question of when is the last kth person eliminated in a circle formed by n people. In the paper, α, β, n and k were independent variables and the research process was as follows: 1. Direct observation: the series shows equal difference in each cycle. 2. Classification: to search the pattern of the series based on cα,n classification. 3. Use the end number of each cycle to obtain the pattern. 4. Reverse induction: use the equal difference of each cycle to induce when the kth person would be eliminated.