在本研究中，我模仿蟑螂的行走方式，來製作可以在各種地形以不減速的方式前進的機器車。在偶然機會下，我觀察到，蟑螂可以順利爬越米堆，因此對蟑螂的運動方式感到興趣。我用微型網路攝影機拍攝及觀察蟑螂的行走方式。發現蟑螂在快速行走時，是以三隻腳為一組，六腳兩組交互進行前進的動作。由於三點構成一平面，使蟑螂在快速移動時，相當的平穩。我將此原理融入蟑螂車的設計，並根據這個原理，利用舊玩具四驅車改裝成「六驅車」，成功的製作出模仿六足昆蟲行走方式且可以在各種地形順利前進的機器車。為了更客觀的比較，我應用樂高積木的馬達組合，製作了一部純轉動前進的六輪傳動車，及另一部轉動兼走動的六輪蟑螂車。並利用微電腦控制兩種車維持相同的驅動速度前進(93.33 rpm)，於各種路面實地測試，證實蟑螂車越野的性能的確強很多。未來若可以將六足昆蟲行走方式的概念應用到汽車製造，車輛的越野性能必然大幅提昇。\r \r In this research, I developed a six-wheel driving vehicle simulating the movement of cockroach. The resultant motion machine can un-intermittedly run on terrains without speeding down. Occasionally, I observed that the cockroaches can crossover a heap of rice. Therefore, I was very interested in and eager to learn how cockroach runs. I recorded the movements of cockroaches by using mini web camera and analyzed the moving characteristics of cockroaches. It was discovered that the cockroach marches quickly by interchanging two groups of foot in which each group consists of three feet. As a table can be supported by three legs, the cockroach runs steadily and rapidly. I have designed a motocross vehicle based on the mechanism of the way that cockroach runs. A six-wheel driving car is constructed by modifying four-wheel driving toy cars. By simulating the motion complex of six-foot insects, the six-wheel driving car turns out to be an all-terrain vehicle. To be more objective in comparison, I built two types of six-wheel driving cars by utilizing the LEGO TECHNIC motor building set: one with regular and synchronous rotation, and the other one with eccentric shaft rotation emulating cockroach marching movement. I applied a microprocessor to control the motors in order to maintain the same driving speed (93.33 rpm) for both cars during the road test. The experimental results show that the proposed cockroach motocross car performs superiorly especially for the rugged terrain. In the future, the off-road capability of a jeep can be improved by introducing the concept of six-foot insect movement to vehicle design.

特定基因的表現與不同氧自由基的產生，已知會影響細胞的生長和死亡。我\r 個人有興趣利用間質幹細胞體外培養擴充，以為筋骨組織再生的可能應用。因此\r 利用轉植(transfect)突變ras 基因(Glu61Leu)進入骨髓間質細胞株(HS-5 cells)，來\r 控制ras 基因表現的高低，進而研究這些間質細胞隨著Ras 蛋白質表現的高低，\r 對氧自由基引導細胞生長與死亡之影響。結果發現ras 基因高度表現的間質細胞\r 生長減緩；相較於原生株平均減少62.4%。進一步研究其生長減少是否與細胞凋\r 亡有關，發現ras 基因高度表現的間質細胞凋亡確實比原生株高22.6%。探究其\r 凋亡原因，發現與caspase-3 有關但和粒腺體功能無關：因為caspase-3 有活化，\r 但是以粒腺體膜電位螢光追蹤劑JC-1 測得的膜電位卻沒有改變。追蹤ras 基因高\r 度表現的間質細胞其細胞內氧自由基的產量，發現Ras 高度表現株其細胞內氧自\r 由基明顯增加。當細胞外加入超氧根轉化酵素(SOD, 500 U/ml)去清除超氧根時，\r 對Ras 高度表現細胞的凋亡沒有影響；但是外加觸化酵素(catalase, 500u/ml)於培\r 養液中，卻可以抑制ras 基因高度表現的間質細胞內caspase-3 活化和細胞凋亡；\r 並且增加細胞生長循環促進分子Cyclin D1 的表現。從這些研究我們歸結出兩點\r 重要新發現: 1) ras 基因突變造成Ras 高度表現時，會促成細胞內特定氧自由基產\r 生，使得細胞生長減緩並進行細胞凋亡，只有特定抗氧化酵素(catalase)才能恢復\r 其異常； 2) Ras 蛋白高度表現而引導氧自由基產生的細胞凋亡與caspase-3 活化\r 有關，但與粒腺體功能無關。根據這些發現，未來我們或許可以朝調節特定氧化\r 還原反應或使用caspase-3 抑制劑去調控間質幹細胞的生長，以供筋骨組織再生\r 的應用。Certain gene’s expression as well as different species of oxygen radicals can\r affect cell growth and apoptosis. We are interested in amplifying mesenchymal\r progenitor cells for the application of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Thus, we\r transfected a mutant ras gene (61Glu/Leu) to change Ras protein expression in the\r mesenchymal progenitor cell line (HS-5 cells) and studied how ras expressing levels\r influenced intracellular oxygen radicals, and its relationship to cell growth and\r apoptosis. Results showed that Ras over-expressing HS-5 cells grew slower than those\r with wild type ras HS-5 cells and revealed a higher apoptosis rate. The higher\r apoptosis in Ras over-expressing cells was not related to mitochondrial dysfunction\r since mitochondrial membrane potential was normal as determined by flow\r cytometric analysis of JC-1 fluorescent staining assay. The higher apoptosis was\r related to higher caspase-3 activation. Further studies showed that Ras\r over-expressing HS-5 cells revealed a higher production of intracellular oxygen\r radicals in comparison to those with wild type ras HS-5 cells. Addition of catalase\r (500 u/ml) but not superoxide dismutase (SOD; 500 u/ml) specifically revived the cell\r growth associated with increase of cyclin D1 expression, but decrease of apoptosis\r associated with lower caspase-3 activation. Results from these studies demonstrated\r two important findings: 1) the ras gene over-expressing in a ras-mutant HS-5 cell line\r triggers a higher production of intracellular oxygen radicals resulting in higher cell\r apoptosis; and 2) the higher oxygen radicals related cell apoptosis is mediated by\r caspase-3 but not mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on these findings, we may\r propose to regulate mesenchymal progenitor cell growth for musculoskeletal tissue\r regeneration via modulation of redox reactions or caspase-3 inhibitors in the future.

Balance Controller or B. Con is the latest millennium innovation that is very safe and effective in solving balancing problem of electrical equipments and furniture caused by uneven surfaces. This system includes syringe, liquid, and control panel. It is operated manually with the help of an indicator liquid B. Con does not only solve the balancing problem but it is also equipment that could prolong the durability of the electrical equipment or furniture.

臉部皮膚會長出小小骨頭喔！皮膚多發性粟粒型骨瘤的發現，X光顯像，治病機轉與雷射在治療上的應用。本篇研究是探討一種特殊又不易偵測的骨瘤，皮膚多發性粟粒型骨瘤(MMOC)，利用各種X光顯像技術，應用在痤瘡病患，偵測其分佈、發生率和疾病之可能相關；並利用組織病理發現去推測致病機轉；且利用各種雷射光，在體內與體外進行治療性的探索，並獲致重要的結論如下：(1)MMOC非常常見，每個人都有可能發生，但臨床不易被偵測，跟性別無關，但與年齡增長成正相關；(2)病灶分佈包括額頭、眼皮、鼻子、臉頰及頸部，與痤瘡的病灶分佈十分類似，但與痤瘡的疾病活性與疤痕的嚴重度並無相關。(3)利用乳房攝影的斜切照影技術，是最簡易有效的偵測方式。(4)病理組織中有些皮膚腫瘤伴有MMOC存在，並非此腫瘤有其特異性。(5)MMOC是一個因為皮膚毛囊皮脂腺在不明顯的發炎下所造成的轉化型骨形成反應。(6)紅寶石雷射及銣-雅鉻雷射對色素性骨瘤是一有效的去除技術。鉺-亞鉻雷射及二氧化碳雷射磨皮技術，對嚴重痤瘡疤痕並有MMOC患者，亦為一良好治療方式。Multiple Miliary Osteoma Cutis(MMOC) is a kind of special condition and difficult to detect clinically. By using different kinds of X-ray techniques and compared the clinical data from the patients with acne of face, by observing the changes of skin tissue specimens for searching the possible mechanism of osteogenesis and by using scanning electron microscopic observation and energy dispersive Xray analysis for evaluating the biophysical effects on osteoma after Ruby, ND-YAG, Erbium:YAG or CO2 Laser irradiation, we concluded that: MMOC, a very common condition, may develop in everyone. MMOC can be easily demonstrated by the modified mammographic technique. The density of calcification in MMOC is not related to the sex of patients, the activity of acne, and the severity of atrophic scar but correlated with the age of the patients. MMOC, a non-specific condition, results from metaplastic ossification occurring within preexisting subclinical inflammatory processes of the pilosebaceous unit and may be found incidentally in different kinds of facial tumor. Ruby or ND-YAG laser may have some explosive effect on pigmented MMOC. CO2 or Erbium:YAG laser dermabrasion can be used to treat MMOC with acne scar.

本研究利用麥克風與相關電腦設備，結合成自製頻譜儀用以觀測多種情況下蜜蜂的聲音頻率。若將蜜蜂的翅膀加以修剪，可測得有不同的頻率，解析頻率發現「翅膀為主要發聲點，但去除翅膀仍有高頻的發聲，且有三種不同的頻率。」將蜜蜂置於不同溫度下，解析頻率得知「一定溫度範圍內，溫度越高蜜蜂發聲頻率越高，反之亦然。」幼期在胸部塗顏料使絨毛無法生長，去除雙翅後，仍有頻率相近的發聲，得知「胸部絨毛不是造成高頻的原因。」靜置５分鐘，待蜜蜂停止發聲後，剪去腳、挑弄蜜蜂會發出高頻，得知「情緒是引起高頻的原因。」將蜜蜂的翅膀加以修剪，分別放回蜂窩口，發現「同一族群蜜蜂可用發聲頻率來辨別同伴。」比較義大利蜂及中華蜜蜂，得知「在多種情況下中華蜜蜂發聲頻率皆較義大利蜂高約７０Hz。」因此本實驗之結論並不受蜂種影響。The study, capitalizing on a hand-made frequency divider, the microphone and computerized equipment, observes a variety of frequency of sound given off by bees. We read different frequencies from the apparatus when the bee’s wings were trimmed. Analyzing it, we discover that the bee’s winds are major source of its sound, but it still gives out high-frequency sound when the wings were completely cut off.” After analyzing the frequency, we discover that within a certain temperature range the higher the temperature is, the higher the frequency is, and vice versa. In one experiment, we painted the thorax at its pupal stage to stop the bee from growing fine hairs. Even though the wings had been removed, it still gave out high-frequency sound. We, therefore, conclude that fine hairs on the thorax have nothing to do with the making of the sound. In another experiment, bees were placed in an undisturbed environment until they are completely silent. Then, some of the bee’s legs were cut off, while others were provoked. And all the bees make high-frequency sound in the process. We make a hypothesis that emotion could be the cause of bees’ sound-making. The bees with different trimmed wings were put back to the beehive; the bees can still recognize one another by the different sound frequencies. If we compare A. m. ligustica with A. c. cerana under different conditions, we find that the frequency from the latter is about 70 Hz higher than that form the former.

牛樟芝(Antrodia cinnamomea)是台灣特有的原生藥用真菌，長期被民間認為具有治療癌症、腹瀉、高血壓或保肝的效果。本研究的目的是探討牛樟芝子實體乙醇萃取物對人類乳癌細胞的抑制效用，乳癌是全世界女性最常見的癌症之一，我們透過比較不同培養時期三個月(AC-3)、六個月(AC-6)及九個月(AC-9)子實體之化學指紋圖譜，並測試它們抑乳癌細胞活性之差異。結果顯示，培養三個月的牛樟芝子實體AC-3抽出成份對乳癌細胞的生長抑制作用最佳；而利用西方墨點法探討牛樟芝對細胞週期或凋亡相關蛋白質的變化，推測AC-3可影響乳癌細胞的細胞週期調控，並誘發細胞凋亡。未來我們將進一步深入研究牛樟芝子實體AC-3之抗癌作用機制，並研究對乳癌細胞轉移作用的影響，找出牛樟芝子實體中主要的抗乳癌活性成分。

Astrocytes provide energy to neuron mainly with lactate, which is transported through monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). Among 14 isoforms of MCTs reported in mammals, only MCT1, 2 and 4 are expressed in brain and the three isoforms are found to differentially expressed in neuron and astrocyte, respectively. Based on these, “astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle” has been proposed. However, no in vivo evidence was available so far to support this hypothesis. In the present study, zebrafish was used as a model to provide in vivo molecular physiological evidence for the involvements of MCTs in the development and functioning of central nervous system (CNS). Full-length cDNAs of the zebrafish MCT1-4 were cloned from zebrafish. Based on RT-PCR results, zMCT1 and zGLUT4 expressed in brain were chosen for further experiment. Morpholino knockdown experiments provided for the 1st time the in vivo evidence to indicate that the zMCT1 and zMCT4 may be involved in energy translocation and functioning of the developing CNS. 於前人預備實驗中，發現斑馬魚胚胎時期肝醣訊號會於腦部與中樞神經系統區位出現。因此，醣類的分布與在細胞間的傳遞應可視為腦部發育的重要指標。我們以基因體資料庫為工具，研究斑馬魚腦部相關基因異構型分布。目前，我們選殖到數個葡萄糖運輸 (GLUT)、鈉離子/葡萄糖協同運輸(SGLT)與單羧基運輸(MCT)通道在斑馬魚腦部表現，其表現是否與胚胎初期中樞神經系統的發育相關仍未知。經過初步基因分析後，我們決定以MCT 中第一和四異構型作為研究對象，並用Anti-Hu，與PCNA 做神經觀測，將施打反股寡核?酸進行突變操作的斑馬魚，與對照組進行免疫染色分析，以螢光顯微鏡觀察發現：抑制MCT 表現，確實影響胚胎時期中樞神經細胞發育及鰓部細胞分裂；亦可能造成畸形出現。

We investigate the machinery producing successive Simpson’s paradoxical reverse. Taking advantage of algebraic and geometric techniques, we obtain the following results. Take playing baseball for example. In our study, we find that Simpson’s paradox only occurs when the hitter’s hits over 3 times in one game. Set n equal to the times I will hit in one game. If my batting average in each game is at least(n ?1)/2 times higher than the others’; then I am sure that my total batting average would not be invert by the others. In order to find how many the lattice points in the triangle, we use Pick’s formula. But sometimes, the Pick’s formula is not appropriate to triangles whose vertex are not all lattice points. So we develop New Pick’s formula to estimate the number of lattice points in such kind of triangles. Besides, we also find an iterative algorithm to produce successive “Simpson reverse” phenomenon by using C++ language, and we can therefore produce as many “Simpson’s set of four sequences” terms as we like(not beyond the computers’ upper limit).Moreover, if both sequences of ratios converge, then they must have the same limit.我們探討了一般人乍看之下顯得頗弔詭的辛普森詭論。我們配合GSP 作圖，用解析幾何、設立直角座標系和C++ 程式的運算，找出在特殊情況下或一般情況下所產生的辛普森數列組和特殊的性質，並且以棒球場上的打擊率為例子來做印證。通常一場棒球賽中，每個人平均上場3 次～4 次，經過我們的討論，發現要發生逆轉的機會只有在上場達到4 次或以上時才會發生。?了求出在直角座標系中可以滿足的格子點個數，我們用了Pick公式，但?了更準確的估計，我們引進了虛點的概念，重新推導出了新Pick 公式。另外，我們還發現，假設兩個人上場比賽，若打了2 場，且每場最多上場打擊K 次，其中的一個人的打擊率只要是另一個人的(k-1)/2倍以上就保證不會被逆轉。我們又找到了連續產生辛普森逆轉的演算法，利用C++ 寫出程式，經由演算法和遞迴式，製造出項數可任意多(只要電腦能夠承受)的辛普森數列組，且我們發現若兩個比值數列接收斂，則極限趨近於同一個數值。

在先備知識中，我們知道在缺少營養鹽及紫外線傷害下，浮游藻類的葉綠體會因為過氧化物（R.O.S.）的增加而受到破壞，進而影響光合作用的進行，甚至導致死亡。所以確實了解常見浮游藻類生理狀態和環境的影響，以期待未來可利用大幅度提高浮游藻類生產力的方式有效降低溫室效應的影響為本實驗的主要目的。故實驗設計針對兩種常見的海洋種浮游藻類（Tetra、Ske），在不同紫外線光譜（UVAB、UVC）的照射下，觀察R.O.S.的產生量和T-T dimer的表現狀況，並對照兩者之間的關係。結果我們發現：綠藻（Tetra）和矽藻（Ske）在UVAB、UVC 的照射下皆會產生R.O.S.，且綠藻產生的量較少；但在UVC 照射下皆有DNA 損傷（產生T-T dimer）。故推估並不是綠藻（Tetra）擁有紫外線的特殊防禦機制，而是能較有效地代謝R.O.S.。As we know, under the condition of unorganized salt’s shortage and the harm of the ultraviolet ray, the phytoplankton’s chloroplast will be destroyed because of the increasing peroxide (R.O.S.). Furthermore, the ultraviolet ray will have an effect on the process of photosynthesis, and even result in the death of phytoplankton. So, we intend to promote the production of phytoplankton in order to lower the influence of greenhouse effect by probing into the environmental influence on the physiology of phytoplankton. The experimental is designed to observe two common marine phytoplankton: Tetra and Ske. By close observing Tetra and Ske exposed to different wavelength of ultraviolet way (UVAB and UVC ), we contrast the production of R.O.S. with the appearing of T-T dimer. We observe that both Tetra and Ske will produce R.O.S. after being exposed to UVAB and UVC , but Tetra produce less than Ske, and that UVC will do harm to both the DNA of Tetra and Ske (producing T-T dimer). Based on the result of the experiment we estimate that Tetra can catobolize R.O.S. efficiently instead of having a unique defensive mechanism against ultraviolet ray (UVAB and UVC under discussion in this experiment.)

在這篇報告中，我們探索了「將錯就錯的Knuth 河內塔問題」。傳統河內塔問題在電腦科學上佔有重要的地位，是一個極具內涵的模型。由於這個模型的深厚數學內涵，使其和巴斯卡三角形建立了緊密的連結，且利用這個緊密的數學連結，設計出復原任意起始狀態的良好演算法。Knuth 河內塔起因於數學家Knuth 在論文[3]中，描述傳統的河內塔問題時所發生的一次筆誤。在這個新的規則之下，我們意外發現Knuth 河內塔存在著一個和傳統河內塔平行的模型，此模型在電腦科學及數學上有著完全不同於傳統河內塔的內涵。我們的研究主要如下：(分別為內文中的四大段)(一) 結構分析。移動環所需要的次數，如何移動環並分析每一次動作所動的環，及每個環何時被動到並給出演算法。(二) 正整數的分割。所有的移動步驟將正整數做了一個新的分割(Partition)；此分割模k之後有良好的循環性質。(三) 費波那契真分數的排序。這個正整數的分割形成一張表，這張表恰好就是分子分母皆為費波那契真分數之排序。(四) 隨意亂排的Knuth 河內塔復原演算法。在Knuth 河內塔的規定下將起始狀態改變，找出良好的復原演算法，並分析。 In this project we study the "Knuth Hanoi Tower", which is motivated by a typo in a paper of Knuth. This inadvertently typo leads to a new rule of moving the discs on the Hanoi Tower (see introduction below for definition). Although seemingly similar to the traditional Hanoi-Tower problem, it turns out that under this rule the "Knuth Hanoi Tower" problem consists of amazing properties, and is totally different from the traditional one. Our study focuses on the following directions: (1) Structure analyzing: We analysis the sequences recording the disc moving and offer enumeration results and recurrsive/non-recurrsive algorithms. (2) Partition of N: The moving sequence forms a partition (a table) of N, which has an amazing congruence property. (3) The order of Fibonacci proper fraction: The row/column of the partition table is, even more amazing, exactly the order when sorting the Fibonacci proper fraction with fixed denominator/numerator. (4) The Restoration of an arbitrary initial state: We offer an efficient algorithm for restoring any initial state of discs. We hope that our study on the "Knuth Hanoi Tower" offers a simple, neat, and new example on the theory of Algorithm, Number theory and Combinatorics.

Purpose Although Body Mass Index (BMI) is accepted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the standard method of measuring a person’s obesity or lack thereof, it is restriction to the two measurements of height and weight. This makes its accuracy questionable. By using other easily obtainable body measurements, a better way of evaluating Body Mass Index is possible. The purpose of this project was to show that the BMI formula is only accurate to a certain degree and that its validity varies depending on certain factors used in my project. Procedure 50 Adolescent female aged 16-20 and 50 women aged 40-56 none of whom were noticeably obese or underweight volunteered. Using a simple questionnaire, several measurements were taken – age in months, caliper measurement of tricep and hip bone, shoe size, height in metres, hip waist and wrist measurements (cm), exercise per week, heart rate and body type. Results were tabulated and graphs drawn using EXCEL. BAI (Body Adiposity Index) measurements were calculated for all volunteers. Results The girls and women with pear and hourglass figures were classified by BMI as overweight or obese. The girls and women who exercised a lot were also unfairly classified by their BMI readings. Many of the graphs show that BMI is not accurate, however, others show that there is merit to the formula. Conclusions The results while interesting require a larger sample group to be conclusive. It would appear that the BMI formula needs to be extended in order to improve its accuracy. Further research includes: 1. Larger sample group, 2. Representative age groups, 3. Investigate males, 4. Look at data for different ethnic groups, 5. Research into BAI formula as a possible substitute, 6. Develop an improvement on BMI. Although, there is some merit to BMI formula, it could be greatly improved with the use of other measurements including those used in this project.

本研究（超音波霧化降溫研究）由二實驗組成。實驗一主要針對超音波霧化器（以下簡稱霧化器）之造霧性能進行探討；實驗二則為霧化器之降溫應用。實驗一以改良傳統造霧方式，進而維持最佳造霧效果為主。由於先前的霧化方式是直接放置霧化器於水面，致使最佳霧化水深因霧氣蒸散、水位下降而無法維持；所以在實驗一裡，我們針對霧化器的使用設計一套「漂浮造霧法」：本法運用浮體使霧化器懸於水面，和水面等起伏，使霧化器底部距水面高度不變，藉以維持最佳造霧水深、造霧效果。實驗二乃霧化降溫之探討。本實驗在相同的霧化量下，操縱風速和接觸表面積的差異；利用霧、氣接觸面積與蒸散速率呈正向關係的原理，找出最佳的降溫條件。同時，也期待在兼顧環保的前提下，將之應用於未來開放空間的降溫。The research（Heat Control by Supersonic Vaporization）includes two experiments. One is focused on atomized effect of Supersonic Vaporization（so-called Atomizer）; the other is about applying atomizer to temperature decrease. Exp.1 adapts formal way of atomization. Since previous way of atomization is to put atomizer directly on the water, making the change of atomizer’s distance from water as water evaporates, Exp.1 creates a way called “Floating”. In Floating, atomizer is suspended in a float; constantly keeps the bottom of atomizer from same distance from surface of water. Thus, no matter how much volume of water is evaporated, the best depth of water for atomization and also, the best atomized condition, could stay. Exp2 inquires in relation between atomization and temperature decrease. In Exp2, the atomized volume is fixed, while wind speed and air-contact area are mastered elements. By the theory that, “the wider contact area is, the more efficiently water evaporates,” we could manage out the best condition in temperature decrease. In that way, with the theory practiced, this research, considering environmental case, is supposed to be applied to open-air area one day.