The Boycott Effect is a phenomenon where sedimentation rate can be increased by tilting the container which holds the suspension, making it a way to increase the efficiency of the process without additional energy input. This makes the Boycott Effect valuable in speeding up and optimising a multitude of industrial applications such as wastewater management and food processing, all of which employ sedimentation to separate particulate matter from the fluids in which they are suspended in. Thus, it is imperative to model the Boycott Effect accurately for a wide range of cases, including arbitrary shaped containers and suspensions of various concentrations without the need to run costly, computationally expensive numerical simulations. In this project I investigated the inclined sedimentation of suspensions both theoretically and experimentally. Experimentally, two image tracking programs were created and tested out on my own experimental videos. I demonstrated the use of a novel method for making use of the Beer-Lambert Law to optically keep track of local concentration of suspensions. This method allows more information to be gathered about the sedimentation process in a very low-cost, non-equipment intensive or invasive way. Theoretically, I expanded upon the well-known analytical 2D PNK theory by accounting for concentration-hindering and sediment build-up effects, as well as the geometrical theory for 3D cylindrical geometries. All parts of the theoretical model were verified with experimental data and shown to have good agreement. (233 words)

此題出處為 Crux Mathematicorum, Vol. 44(4), Apr 2018[1]。已知H為△ABC 的垂心，自A、B與C往對邊̅BC、̅CA與̅AB 作三高，得三垂足為 D、E 與F，從△ABC的三邊往外作矩形，使其寬與三邊上的高成比例，再將這三個矩形相臨的頂點連起來，形成三組三角形。證明這三個三角形的中線會三線共點。事實上這點就是外心。 我將原題延伸為四種建構方法，從△ABC 的三邊往外作平行四邊形，分別連三個外接三角形，考慮其中線、角平分線、中垂線與高，以及三角形的五心。分析三線共點的情形。 本研究最特別之處是在四種建構96種情形中，共有69種共點。其中有7 種情形，當任意點J 配上三中線共點於P時，此時J、重心G與P點三點共線，且̅JG :̅GP=2 :1。當任意點J與垂心重合時，三中線共點於外心，此時這條直線即歐拉線。另外有 11 種情形，當任意點J配上三中線共點於P時，此J、重心G與P點三點共線，且̅JG :̅GP=1: 2。當任意點J與外心重合時，三中線共點於垂心，此時這條直線即歐拉線。且當f1(J,m)=P1，f2 (J , m)=P2，此時P2、P1、重心G與J共線。最特別的是當J與外心重合時， P1 是九點圓的圓心。

In the first part of this project, distilled water and 95% ethanol were used to extract ultra-violet(UV)-absorbing and anti-oxidizing compounds from different types of algae including kelp, wakame, sea grape and nori. Activated charcoal was used in attempt to purify the extracts and removed excessive pigments. It was found that the charcoal was more effective in adsorbing pigments from ethanol extract in which up to 80 to 100% pigments could be removed. The UV-absorbing and anti-oxidizing properties of the algae extracts were also studied. All algae extracts showed significant UV-absorbing and anti-oxidizing properties. In particular, extract formed by using 3 g kelp powder in distilled water could significantly reduce 50% UV intensity and react 96.5% DPPH solution which acts as a source of free radicals. In the second part of the project, three applications of algae were explored in details. Firstly, it was found that kelp, wakame and nori extracts by using over 2 g of algae in 30 mL olive oil could absorb UVA and UVB by over 90%, which is comparable to the performance of zinc oxide, a common ingredient in commercial sunscreen products. Costs of preparing the sunscreens were also compared. Except for wakame extract, all other extracts were cheaper than using zinc oxide. Moreover, the kelp extract was found to maintain its UV- absorbing and anti-oxidizing abilities after at least 30 days of storage under room conditions. Lastly, sodium alginate was successfully extracted from kelp with a product yield up to 30%. The alginate solution was then used to form a calcium-alginate protective coating on plastic slides to reduce UV intensity by up to 50%. This aims to apply on nails or fingers during UV nail gel polish to protect against UVR.

前列腺癌(PCa)是全球男性最常見的惡性腫瘤，雄性激素受體拮抗劑是常用的治療藥物，而其存在抗藥性演進問題。人類基因組有98%的基因未編碼蛋白質，許多研究證明這些非編 碼RNA在細胞中具重要功能，並與前列腺癌進程有關。 本研究藉由分析病人檢體資料，發現IRX4-AS1在前列腺癌細胞的表現量高於正常細胞，並且IRX4-AS1表現量較高的病人五年存活率較差。我們也在體外實驗發現，IRX4-AS1的202異構型主要表現在細胞核；203異構型則多在細胞質，兩者可能有不同作用機轉。相較於IRX 4，IRX4-AS1的穩定性較高，顯示其可能與蛋白質共同作用。在抗藥性細胞株中，IRX4-AS1表現量則低於正常細胞株。 未來將研究IRX4–AS1對前列腺癌惡化與抗藥性的影響，期待其能做為疾病診斷及預後的生物標誌物。

廢棄香灰處理不易且對環境具危害經定性分析知有 47.74% 鹼性物質 CaO。本研究以廢棄香灰製成屋瓦及地磚，探討與酸雨酸鹼中和之可行性，經歷一年多且進行多次屋瓦逕流及浸泡酸雨實驗，觀察到香灰試片與酸雨中和效率和內含香灰比例呈現正相關，結果顯示摻入5％~20%香灰所製成的屋瓦的酸鹼中和能力皆適合臺灣環境使用且經一年放置於自然環境實驗仍具有良好的酸雨中和能力；若欲同時具有酸雨酸鹼中和與碳捕捉能力，則以含 10%~20%香灰為佳。摻入超過 20%香灰製品則降低陶製品之黏性導致無法成型。香灰製品相較於傳統屋瓦有製程價格低、高耐用性和酸鹼中和效率高等特性，可作為屋瓦材料或地磚的新發展。製作地磚部分因水泥會包覆香灰陶粒，因此採孔洞較大的陶瓷摻雜香灰進行 3D 列印，可快速製作不同環境應用之地磚，亦可同時具有碳捕捉與酸雨酸鹼中和之功效。

本研究以電化學二氧化碳還原反應(CO2RR)技術將二氧化碳還原成高經濟能源燃料，使用水相合成法製備Cu/Zn銅鋅雙金屬奈米觸媒，改變金屬間的比例: Cu2Zn1、Cu1Zn1、Cu1Zn2以及通入N2/O2/H2 熱處理改變觸媒氧化態，而改變氧化態可以在化學性質、催化活性、電子結構等方面有重要影響使其催化出不同反應路徑，改變產物生產效率和選擇性。用能量散射光譜儀、X光繞射儀鑑定奈米觸媒間金屬比例和晶型;線性掃描伏安法和氣相層析儀探討二氧化碳還原法拉第效應和生產效能。結果發現Cu2Zn1-N2能產生最多的CH4，因改變氧化態使其效能高達53.03%; Cu1Zn2產生最多的CO，效能為44.99%，推論為鋅的比例較高所致。

In recent years, lower inter-limb asymmetries have become a topic of increasing interest in sports research. Numerous studies have investigated the occurrence of between-limb differences in a variety of physical tests, ranging from strength, sprinting, and change of direction speed to jumping tasks. The main focus has been the association of asymmetries to either enhanced injury risk or reduced physical performance. Sport specific aspects and differences of lower limb asymmetries have not often been analysed. Additionally, most studies have been performed with male athletes. Women, however, present higher prevalence of lower limb asymmetries in strength, coordination, and postural control than men. These two aspects were therefore addressed in the present study. Female youth soccer (n=18, age: 16.7 ± 0.8 years) and floorball (n=18, age: 17.6 ± 0.9 years) players completed a test battery consisting of six unilateral jumping tasks in horizontal and lateral direction to detect sport specificity in inter-limb asymmetries. The test comprised the following hops: (1) Single Leg Hop for Distance and (2) a newly created version of it, (3) Single Leg Triple Hop, (4) Single Leg Crossover Hop, (5) Side Hop and (6) Single Leg 6-meters Timed Hop. The scores of every jump were calculated into Limb Symmetry Indexes for each participant. A linear mixed effect (LME) model (using function lmer in program R) was applied to evaluate the effects of sport and jump type on asymmetries. In terms of the whole test battery, there was a significantly higher magnitude of asymmetries in soccer compared to floorball (p=0.0067) with a mean difference of 1.9%. Three significant differences between the effects of different jump types were detected (5>2: p=0.027; 5>3: p6: p=0.014). Moreover, the results showed no significant effect on leg dominance. According to the findings of this study, soccer appears to be more asymmetric than floorball, leading to the suggestion that inter-limb asymmetries may not only be task-specific, but also sportspecific. Since no significant correlations were detected, this study suggests that inter-limb asymmetries are independent of leg dominance. Considering the possible reduction in athletic performance and increasing injury risk, strength and conditioning coaches are advised to assess athletes' inter-limb asymmetries using a broad, sport specific test battery and decrease them.

In recent years, there has been an extreme rise in population and economic development, which requires a great demand for energy worldwide. Global energy consumption has been increasing nearly every year for over half a century [1]; it is rapidly rising in the form of nonrenewable energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and fossil fuel. Fossil fuel overreliance has resulted in a dramatic rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations.

思覺失調症與焦慮症皆是嚴重損害病人健康且造成社會極大負擔的精神疾病，急需研發有效治療藥物。本研究以藥物及壓力引發之小鼠異常行為為模式，探討新研發的新穎腺苷調控藥物（Novel Adenosine Modulator）對於這些疾病的治療潛力。實驗一以藥物 MK-801 引發成年雄性小鼠類思覺失調症症狀，給予新穎腺苷調控藥物可緩解曠野測驗中 MK-801 引發的過度活動量，且不會造成小鼠產生失樂症狀或體重改變。但對於 MK-801 引發的感覺動作門閾過濾反應缺損則無顯著療效。實驗二以不可預測長期輕微壓力（unpredictable chronic mild stress）引發成年雄性小鼠類焦慮症與類憂鬱之行為異常，新穎腺苷調控藥物可以改善小鼠的失樂症狀。這些結果顯示這個新藥具有潛力值得後續繼續研究。

本研究主要探討，有n位教授要在一個圓桌上舉行會議，其中每位教授都有自己的編號 (1~ n號)，同時圓桌的 n個位置上也有各自的名牌編號 (1 ~n 號) 以順時針擺放置圓桌上與教授們的編號對應。其中第一個進來的 1號教授坐到了圓桌上 k號位，此後的教授們亂序一個一個進入，若發現與自己編號相同的位置是空的，就直接入座；若與自己編號相同的位置被占走了，就以逆時針方向尋找空位，直到有空入座。在這樣的遊戲規則下，本研究探討了，有 n位教授，且 1號教授坐到 k號位，如何給定一組教授入場的順序，就能即刻的找出對應的坐法，以及計算坐錯人數的期望值和坐錯人數次數分佈表等等，後續再將遊戲規則改為，1號教授不限定為第一個入場的人，同樣的探討上述問題。

Theseparation, purification, and recovery of precious organic solvents is a huge challenge for many industriesincludingpetroleumandpharmaceuticalcompanies,sincethesecompaniesusehugequantities of organic solvents [1-2]. Natural dissolvable nanofiltration(ON)has atremendous potential for supplantingafewenergy-concentratedcrudepurgingtechniques,similartorefiningandextraction[3-4- 5]. The importance of OSN is obvious from the fact that one cubic meter of methanol requires 1750 MJ of energy for distillation since the process of distillation is comprised of heating, evaporation, and condensation while OSN can purify the same volume of methanol by consuming 3 MJ of energy [6-7]. Additionally, OSN is a useful technology since it is simpler to use than conventional purification and separationmethods.Themembrane'sporestructure,whichinfluencesbothitsselectivityandpermeance, hasasignificantimpactonhowwellthemembranesperform[8-9].Ingeneral,thetrade-offbetweenflux andselectivityaffectsthemembrane'sperformance.Asaresult,themembranes'fluxandpermeabilityare affectedbythetailoringandtuningoftheirporestructure.Therefore,designinganefficientnanofiltration membranes with ideal porosity is highly desirable. Interfacial polymerization (IP) is highly versatile as it provides a freedom of selection of various monomersfortargetingaspecificapplicationsuchasnanofiltrationandreverseosmosisThepotentialfor organicsolventnanofiltration(ON)toreplacevariousenergy-intensivetraditionalpurificationtechniques, suchasdistillationandextraction,isenormous.[8-9].Despitethefactthatmanydifferentmonomershave been successfully used by utilizing IP to create thin film composite nanofiltration TFC-NF membranes, one of the main limitations of such membranes continues to be the poor selection of closely related comparable nanometer sized solutes. Many efforts are still being made to develop potential monomers with the perfect properties for creating membranes that operate excellently [10-11]. Another strategy is also getting more popular in which different porous additives are added to the TFC membrane either at thesupportleveloractivelayerlevel.Theseadditivesincludecarbonorganicframeworks(COFs),metal organic frameworks (MOFs), hyper-cross-linked porous polymers (HCPs), and natural polymers such as chitosan[12-13-14-15]. However,maintainingthecrystallinity ofsuch additives,particularlyMOFsthat lead to crystalline membranes, is extremely difficult while other additions suffer from aggregation and agglomeration that results in membrane flaws that impair the performance of the membranes [16]. Therefore,changingthechemistryofthereacting monomerduringIPcansignificantlyalterthestructure of the resultant active layers of the membranes. The current study was carried out by using linear aliphatic amines 4A-3P and 4A on a crosslinked PAN support. The study was carried out through interfacial polymerization between either 4A-3P and TPC or 4A and TPC on crosslinked PAN. In comparison to the previous studies where cyclic amines such as piperazine or aromatic amines such as meta-phenylenediamine (MPD) are used, we have used linear aliphatic amines 4A and 4A-3P crosslinked with organic phase containing terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) asacross-linker.TheIPreactionwascarriedoutbetweenamineandTPConacrosslinkedPANsupport. The fabricated membrane was extensively characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), ATR-FTIR, water contact angle (WCA), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and elemental mapping . The fabricated membrane was used for OSN applications by using dead-end filtration setup.

The purpose of the project was to find out whether humans can tell the difference between human-generated text and artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-generated text and to identify how Al-generated text differs from human-generated text. The dependent variable was the results given by the participants (whether the paragraphs were Al-generated texts or human-generated text). The Independent variable was the participants in the experiment and the controlled variable was the type of paragraphs (both the Al-generated texts and human-generated texts) and time used to test each participant. The hypothesis for this experiment was that the participants were not going to be able to differentiate between AI-generated text and human-generated text. In this descriptive and mixed-method study, participants were presented with questionnaires. Each participant needed to state whether they thought each paragraph was human-generated or AI-generated. At the end of the questionnaire, the participants were asked to briefly explain what assisted them in differentiating between the two. They were given 60 seconds to decide. A stopwatch was used to time them. A sample of 456 participants took part in this project. They were not told how many AI-generated passages and human-generated passages there were in the selection. They only knew the total number of passages. Over 99% of the participants could not correctly differentiate between AI-generated text and human-generated text in all passages. Only four participants were able to get 100% of the questions correct. All four learners attend schools located in urban areas. After I did my analysis, I discovered that my hypothesis was incorrect. Four of the participants were able to get 100% of the questions correct this indicates that not all the participants were not able to tell the difference between Al-generated text and human-generated text. This rejects my hypothesis. However, the chances of humans differentiating between the two are very low. All four learners attend schools located in urban areas; this indicates that it is easier for learners attending urban area schools to recognise AI-generated texts than learners attending schools located in rural areas.