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降脂轉肌–將脂肪轉變成肌肉的可能性探討
先前研究發現一種多元不飽和脂肪酸 15-keto-PGE2 能減少肌肉慢性發炎以及增加肌肉生長因子胰島素的敏感性,具有增加肌肉的潛力。我們探討此脂肪酸在小鼠中將脂肪組織轉成肌肉組織的可能性。 我們先以 15-keto-PGE2 治療肥胖型肌少症小鼠後,再以全基因組mRNA定序,發現在小鼠皮下脂肪中,肌肉特異基因表現量高度上升。透過基因表現路徑分析軟體 GSEA證實此脂肪酸會高度引發皮下脂肪中,與肌肉分化、肌肉收縮與肌肉結構相關的生物路徑。另外, 15-keto-PGE2 也可以誘導脂肪前驅細胞3T3-L1中與肌肉生成相關的基因表現。 最後,我們發現以 15-keto-PGE2 治療的老年肥胖型肌少症小鼠,體重、血糖、脂肪比例下降,肌肉質量及力量上升,證實了它在體內同時減少脂肪並增加肌肉量的效果。
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連續兩個未知數相加減再相乘的極值問題
本研究從2022年APMO第五題的代數題目出發,題目為a1,a2,a3,a4∈ℝ,(4∑k=1)ak2=1,試求出(a4-a1)(3∏k=1)(ak-ak+1)的最小值。我們希望將原問題的四個未知數,希望推廣到n個未知數的通解。我們首先用算幾不等式及其他幾何性質算出了n=2~4的解,其中包括了偏微分求切平面的方法。在研究n的未知數的通解時,我們利用實數的完備性說明最小值一定存在,接著我們利用舉例以及反證法,發現到n個未知數時其最小值會小於0,以及最小值成立時各項相加會等於0,我們運用這些特別的性質,並且使用了各種不等式得出n=2(mod4)的通解。最後我們用拉格朗日乘數可以求出n=k(mod2k)的局部最小值,還有部分相加與相減的關聯性,未來希望能求出絕對的最小值和最大值。
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本研究利用市售飲品、魚鱗及自然教室裡既有的材料調整配方,製作出黏性最強的蛋白膠水。魚鱗經加熱煮過,牛奶或豆漿加入酸性液體產生凝固蛋白質,經分離後再加入鹼性物質使其酸鹼中和,即能生成蛋白膠水。 實驗過程中發現,使用常溫低脂牛奶製成的蛋白膠水黏性最佳,並以pH值2.5的檸檬酸溶液萃取蛋白質,再加入碳酸鈉調配成pH值8.0的蛋白膠水成品黏性最好。 與其他市售黏性較強的液狀黏著劑相比,強力膠黏性雖強,但有強烈刺鼻味 保麗龍膠則容易產生細絲,黏著技術不佳會讓作品看起來像是佈滿蜘蛛絲,而強力蛋白膠不論是牛奶膠還是魚鱗膠皆黏性強 、成分單純、無毒性,合乎環保需求。我們也利用蛋白膠水製作了一架飛機,象徵開闊視野,未來前途無量。
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Fabrication of Highly Efficient and Cost-effective Tandem Dye-sensitized Solar Cells for Building Integrated Photovoltaics
In recent years, there has been an extreme rise in population and economic development, which requires a great demand for energy worldwide. Global energy consumption has been increasing nearly every year for over half a century [1]; it is rapidly rising in the form of nonrenewable energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and fossil fuel. Fossil fuel overreliance has resulted in a dramatic rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations.
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Design of a new Hydrogen Fueled Hybrid Car Prototype
The proposed project involves a new water-fueled hybrid car prototype that integrates various technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) panels, electrolysis, a fuel cell, a metal hydride tank, and a battery. The car is equipped with PV panels on its surface, such as the roof or hood, which convert solar energy into electricity. This electricity powers a DC motor that propels the vehicle. Excess electricity can be stored in a battery or used in an electrolysis system to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride tank for later use. Metal hydrides are materials capable of absorbing and releasing hydrogen gas, providing a safe and compact storage solution. The fuel cell converts hydrogen into electricity to power the DC motor when sunlight is not available. This hybrid system allows for direct solar-powered operation while also storing excess energy as hydrogen. Experimental tests were conducted on a prototype of this water-fueled car, with the fuel cell serving as a backup power source to ensure continuous operation even without solar energy. This concept offers several advantages, including the use of renewable solar energy, zero emissions during fuel cell operation, and the ability to store and utilize excess energy.
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雙酚 A 對白線斑蚊幼蟲生長發育的影響及病媒蚊防治策略探究
登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲主要孳生於人工積水容器中,幼蟲生長發育主要受到溫度與食物的影響。本研究至戶外調查人工積水容器,發現塑膠類人工容器為主要孳生類型。於實驗室以 11 種人工容器培養白線斑蚊幼蟲,結果發現塑膠底盆的幼蟲發育速度較快,蚊蟲平均翅長較長。以塑膠組成物質雙酚 A 進行試驗, 發現高濃度 (>50 mg/L) 雙酚 A 會導致幼蟲死亡, 活動力降低; 中濃度(12.5~1.56 mg/L) 會促進幼蟲生長速率,縮短發育時間;低濃度 (<0.78 mg/L) 則不顯著。以濃 6.25mg/L 雙酚A 處理蚊幼蟲,Q-PCR 顯示四個齡期的幼蟲蛻皮激素基因 (Ecr) 分別表現量都有增加,其中四齡幼蟲增加 9.68 倍,蛋白質分析顯示 34~72 kDa 之間的片段濃度增加。在蚊幼蟲防治上,4.0 %蛋胺酸和 1.0% 硼酸皆可 100%抑制孑孓活性,結合低濃度蛋胺酸(0.13%)和硼酸(< 0.5% )可以提升 30% 抑制孑孓活性的功效。
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本研究結合程式設計與運動科學,開發以Python為核心的投籃訓練輔助系統,用科學方法分析籃球投籃曲線數據,建立具回饋的訓練工具,幫助學生個人化訓練與提升表現。 研究採OpenCV電腦視覺技術追蹤籃球飛行軌跡,透過背景相減法,成功記錄了102顆 空心球的投籃軌跡座標,得到出手角度(平均49.35°)、入框角度(平均41.57°)及拋物線最高點(平均3.51公尺)等關鍵數據,並借助ChatGPT釐清分析方向與角度計算公式。 本研究利用攝影裝置結合電腦視覺分析,精準記錄投籃軌跡,透過數據分析得出空心球投籃的具體角度與軌跡特徵,成功建構以Python為 核心的投籃訓練輔助系統,為科學化訓練提供輔助機制,未來可擴展系統功能,納入更多參數或運動型態分析,提升系統的泛用性與準確度。
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一群運動員在一條直線跑道上,以互不相同的均速做折返跑。當這群運動員於某一時刻全部相遇於某一點後,這樣的情形會不會再度發生?我們找出這群運動員第一次相遇和再次相遇的的條件及相遇點,並延伸探討圓形跑道相遇的情形,最後討論給定k名運動員的速率比,判斷其是否會相遇。
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合成亞胺化合物,抽充法容器除水除氧、分子篩乙醇除水及減壓蒸餾純化苯胺、克勞修斯方程估算蒸餾溫度。TLC偵測純度、計算Rf值並比較各結構極性。UV圖知SA於pH=6在383nm具吸收峰,酸化至pH=4則藍移至326nm,時間掃描測試證明SA酸鹼型結構轉變為瞬間快反應,計算定溫下K值,Van't Hoff圖求ΔH、ΔS,由ΔG負值證明SA酸化為自發反應。各結構λmax次序知芳香環對位助色團共軛延伸及化學反應性優於間位。聚集態時SA及SB2因抑制分子內旋轉螢光增強為AIE效應, SB1因π-π堆積為ACQ效應,各因素競合作用勝出者決定螢光強度,以X ray解晶結構確認內氫鍵的存在,導致SB1與SB2螢光發色相反的結果;合成錯合物Ca-L1及Zn-L1,不同pH下顯色具明顯差異並探討原因,以開發自製螢光pH試紙。
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蔬果收成後褐變主要由多酚氧化酶(PPO)催化酚類化合物,氧化產生醌,伴隨非酶促反應,聚合成深色色素。本研究主要探討台灣福山萵苣變色的原因及其緩解。首先,本研究觀察到莖和葉柄中的維管束最容易變色。接著,證實了鹼性環境會抑制PPO的活性,而抗氧化劑維生素C和還原型谷胱甘肽可以抑制褐變。研究進一步改良粗萃取的步驟,並以兒茶酚作為反應物,測量產物鄰苯醌的吸光質,量化PPO的活性。此外,也發現變色的細胞並不一定為死亡的細胞,死亡的細胞也不一定會變色。最後,配合組織切片,確認變色細胞較多的是木質部,而死亡細胞較多的是韌皮部。綜上所述,本研究證實萵苣變色的部位PPO活性較高,且可以利用抗氧化劑抑制變色。
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Utilizing Sparse Optimal Linear Feedback Control to Design Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Enhancing Gut Microbiome Stability
According to the 2024 American Cancer Risk Survey, one in 24 individuals is at high risk of developing colon cancer. This condition is linked to gut microbiome instability. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a more effective and precise approach to maintaining gut microbiome stability, which this research aims to solve by finding the most crucial bacteria species in maintaining the stability of the gut microbiome through the application of Optimal Linear Feedback Control. Two of its variants being applied in this research are Sparsity Promoting Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQRSP) with a variety range of (0.05, 44.58, and 49.84) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) ( = 0) along with other supporting methods; Controllability Gramian and Network Theory (graph analysis). The finding in this research shows that bacteria species Bacteroides hydrogenotrophica, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgaris, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Escherichia lenta, and Dorea formicigenerans have an important role for preventing and medicating a variety of gut-related diseases. This conclusion is reinforced by the analysis conducted using the Controllability Gramian, displaying five of the chosen bacteria with the highest controllability index, which demonstrates that the system can be effectively controlled. This finding suggests a potential for enhancing therapeutic strategies, rendering them more precise and systematic. To gain deeper insights into the relationship between each bacteria and the rationale behind the selection of these bacteria by LQRSP, this study also employs network theory, which successfully elucidates the choice of Bacteroides uniformis despite its low controllability index. Additionally, to further validate the efficacy of these bacteria, the research develops a simulation that compares the controlled system with the uncontrolled system, utilizing two types of disturbances. The results indicate a significant difference in robustness against disturbances between the controlled and uncontrolled systems. The findings from this research can be used as a foundation for a more efficient and systematic intervention strategy findings. By researching gut microbiome composition regulation using a mathematical approach, it opens new opportunities for new method discoveries aiming to increase the health of the gut microbiome which is beneficial for the medical field and prevention of gut related diseases.
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現代社會中,睡眠剝奪已成為普遍問題,人們對其對免疫系統及整體健康的負面影響愈加關注。本研究使用特製的旋轉鼠籠讓小鼠連續72小時保持清醒,探討急性睡眠剝奪對小鼠免疫反應的影響。研究發現NK細胞與脾臟中的記憶CD8 T細胞比例明顯減少,顯示細胞毒性功能受損或記憶免疫反應下降。與此同時,抗炎細胞因子的表達增加,而促炎細胞因子和相關基因的表達則有顯著下調。此外,雖然觀察到B細胞比例有所增加,這可能是免疫系統在細胞免疫功能受損時,維持免疫穩態的反應。這些發現揭示了睡眠剝奪可能抑制免疫系統造成損害。本研究強調適量睡眠對維持免疫平衡的重要性,並指出睡眠不足可能促進慢性免疫問題的發展。在此基礎上,後續研究可探討短期睡眠剝奪與腫瘤及免疫系統的關聯,並延伸至長期剝奪的影響。
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