本研究旨在開發高效且符合綠色化學原則的Breitfussin B合成策略。Breitfussin B是一種極為稀少的天然產物，可自海洋苔蘚動物Thuiaria breitfussi中分離，分子結構包含吲哚(Indole)、噁唑(Oxazole)與吡咯(Pyrrole)骨架。儘管已有科學家完成其全合成，但現有方法步驟繁瑣，且涉及重金屬試劑，價格昂貴且難以回收利用。因此，本研究致力於開發更高效且環保的合成策略。 目前，我們透過一系列取代與還原反應和Sonogashira偶聯反應成功合成吲哚衍生物6-Bromo-4-methoxyindole，此產物可作為後續關鍵合成步驟的起始材料。此外，在疊氮酮(Azidoketone)至酮醯胺(Ketoamide)的轉化中，我們系統性研究了不同反應條件對產率及區位選擇性的影響。 本研究的成果不僅為Breitfussin B的合成提供關鍵技術支持，也對吲哚類化合物的全合成 具有重要的應用價值。

將正方形的邊長從1，2，3，4…依序增加，在面積最大的正方形左上角，加上一個長方形，使其寬等於最大正方形邊長的一半，將最左上角的點連接最小正方形右下的點，形成對角線，問長方形的長為多少時，此對角線能將圖形平分。在此，我們得到一些結論及一般化的證明。 接著，我們把正方形改成正三角形，將三角形的個數依序增加，而邊長依序是1，2，3，4…，在面積最大的三角形旁加上一個梯形，梯形的高為正三角形高的一半，接著畫出斜對角線，我們想問梯形的底為多少時，此對角線能將圖形平分。這個問題，我們也得到一些結論。

As of 2021, there are 368 harmful algae blooms and over 6000 invasive species in the United States of America. Furthermore, it is reported that the United States spends more than 11.1 billion dollars per year on clean-up methods for marine debris. However, there currently isn’t a method to monitor aquatic problems simultaneously, autonomously, and efficiently, creating a capability in the aquatic biosecurity sector. To combat this, we have created an autonomous vehicle that can conduct long-term monitoring of freshwater bodies for up to 60 hours.

本研究旨在解決肢體障礙或單手使用者在操作電腦時所面臨的不便，設計一款融合鍵盤與滑鼠功能的單手操作裝置。透過自製PCB電路板、客製化鍵帽與鍵軸配置、3D列印人體工學外殼，以及整合滑鼠感測器與QMK韌體技術，實現單手即可同時完成鍵入與游標控制的操作方式。我們的實驗結果顯示，單手使用時相較於傳統鍵鼠組合，本裝置能大幅減少手腕移動的距離與次數，有效提升使用效率並降低疲勞感。產品設計不僅針對身障者，也適用於特定單手使用情境，具備良好的通用性與實用價值。未來將持續優化硬體與軟體，期望推廣至更廣泛的使用族群，實踐科技輔具的社會意義。

一群運動員在一條直線跑道上，以互不相同的均速做折返跑。當這群運動員於某一時刻全部相遇於某一點後，這樣的情形會不會再度發生？我們找出這群運動員第一次相遇和再次相遇的的條件及相遇點，並延伸探討圓形跑道相遇的情形，最後討論給定k名運動員的速率比，判斷其是否會相遇。

本作品係 利用范氏起電機產生靜電，並以電壓驅動標準靜電風車及自製鋁質靜電風車模型。其中標準靜電風車為范氏起電機附帶之零件，而自製靜電風車可改變包含尖端角度，風車半徑與阻力係數。以電鑽增加轉速改變范氏起電機輸出電壓。在各項實驗中分別測量包含電壓，離子風穩定性與轉動角速度。透過參考資料與實驗建立風車系統轉動時的統御方程式。結論包含推力與電壓呈正相關並在尖端角度介於30-45度間有最大推力，半徑影響特徵時間與終端角速度，阻力係數影響轉動方程，使系統分為指數飽和與雙曲正切飽和。最後探討其對空氣中微粒清潔之實際應用。

本研究探討在正n邊形及圓內接多邊形構形中，若已知外圍三角形面積，是否可反推原構形的邊長與面積。研究建立一套幾何與代數互相轉換的流程，透過面積比例推導遞迴數列，進而構建高次方程，並提出新符號 𝑇𝑃𝑄 及 𝑈𝑛𝑞𝑝 表示不相鄰乘積和，以簡化代數結構。進一步運用數學歸納 法 與極值邏輯，成功證明：當高次方程 式 具有正實根時，其最大正實根必定對應唯一的 多邊形 限定構形；反之，若多邊形限定構形存在，也可唯一對應於高次方程式之最大正實根。此研究不僅提供幾何反推的系統化解法，也為代數方程的幾何詮釋建立明確模型，具備理論價值與推廣潛力。

本研究透過結合局部敏感雜湊（Locality-Sensitive Hashing, LSH）與知識圖譜（Knowledge Graph, KG）以改善檢索增強生成技術（Retrieval-Augmented Generation, RAG）在檢索的時候難以在精確度與效率之間取得平衡的問題。透過使用LSH 將資料分桶，接著利用知識圖譜進一步篩選資料，以提高檢索的精確度與效率。 實驗結果顯示，結合知識圖譜與LSH後的系統，在精確度（precision）上可達到91%，相較於VectorRAG 的84%提升約8.33%，與GraphRAG的96%則僅有5.21%的差距。此外，本系統在檢索時間上較GraphRAG降低了95.38%。由此可以證實，透過結合LSH及知識圖譜能在保持高精確度的同時，顯著提高檢索效率。

Certain specially structured ceramics, which can be used as biomaterials to replace bone, have recently started being utilized in the medical field. The aim of this study is to produce high-bioactivity silica from corn cob waste, a widely available organic material in nature, and combine it with calcium oxide (CaO) obtained by grinding organic mussel shell waste with high bioactivity. This combination is intended to synthesize dicalcium silicate (2CaO.SiO₂) to develop an alternative tissue scaffold with high bioactivity, capable of replacing bone, for existing titanium alloys. The goal is to incorporate this scaffold into PEEK (polyether ether ketone), a novel tissue scaffold material, at varying percentages to create a next-generation innovative bone substitute material. An additional objective is to demonstrate through biocompatibility tests that the produced ceramic-polymer biocomposite exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

The economy around the world is changing rapidly, with new ways of industrial production being introduced all the time. This is due to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The main objectives of Industry 4.0 [5] are digitalization and full automation of production processes, which increase productivity and worker safety.

The environmental implications of rapid industrialization, including rising pollution, depleted resources, the effects of climate change brought on by global warming, and unrestrained groundwater extraction, are contributing to a growing water scarcity crisis [1-3]. The improvements in quality of life are largely attributable to the innovations in manufacturing technology made possible by the Industrial Revolution, but these innovations also pose risks to the natural world and human health [1-3]. The textile business uses a wide variety of raw materials, including natural fibers like cotton as well as synthetic and woolen fibers, and the chemical components of dyes are just one example. The annual output of synthetic dyes is around 700,000 tons, and there are over 10,000 different varieties available. As much as 200,000 tons of synthetic dyes are released into the environment every year due to the inefficient dyeing technique commonly employed in the textile industry. According to the World Bank, the processing of textiles for dyeing and finishing accounts for between 17 and 20 percent of industrial wastewater [1-3]. Textile wastewaters contain a high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, color, acidity, high suspended particles, high dissolved solids, surfactants, dyestuffs, heavy metals, and other soluble chemicals [3] due to the variety of dyes used to color textile items. In particular, water-soluble reactive and azo dyes are employed to obtain the required color. Ten to twenty percent of the dyes used end up in the effluents, where they might harm wildlife and the ecosystem (carcinogenic or mutagenic). Headaches, nausea, skin irritation, respiratory difficulties, and congenital deformities are only some of the health problems linked to exposure to textile wastewater. There are repercussions for aquatic ecology, environmental biodiversity, and the quality of receiving water bodies. New, low-cost, and highly effective water treatment methods are needed to deal with polluted wastewater. Adsorption and coagulation, two common water purification methods, just concentrate pollutants by shifting them to other phases; they do not "eliminate" or "destroy" them. Sedimentation, filtration, chemical oxidation, and biotechnology are all examples of conventional water treatment methods, but they all have their drawbacks. These include insufficient removal, high chemical reagent consumption, high treatment costs, long treatment times, and the creation of toxic secondary pollutants. New water treatment procedures are needed to improve the quality of treated effluent [1-3]. The use of semiconductor particles in photocatalysis is gaining appeal as a solution to global pollution problems due to its shown efficiency in degrading a wide variety of contaminants. Photocatalyst-coated surfaces-based reactors have proven to be practical for long-term operation over photocatalytic powder-based reactors (i.e., slurry-based reactors) [4-5]. As a promising photo-electrode and photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has enjoyed wider applicability in photocatalytic hydrogen generation, solar cells, and remediation of organic contaminants among other photo-catalytic applications [4-6]. TiO2 has been recognized as one of the low-cost, most effective, and fascinating photo-catalyst as a result of its interesting thermal and chemical stability, desirable electronic features, others, and environmental benignity [6-8]. Pristine TiO2 semiconductor is characterized by a wide band gap that can only utilize the UV part of the light spectrum with a wavelength of less than 385 nm, which is just 5% of the sunlight energy capacity. Spectrum usability extension to visible regions warrants further and extensive research study [8-10]. Additionally, the quickness of the recombination of photo-generated holes and electrons further restricts the practical applicability of the semiconductor [10-12]. It is highly desirable to develop a cost-effective scalable strategy to over these drawbacks toward sustainable development and a clean environment using only natural sunlight irradiation [5-11]. In addition, it is preferred to fabricate them as films rather than powders as photocatalytic immobilized reactors are more practical than powder-based reactors [4-8]. Dye sensitization, supports, magnetic separation, and surface modification by doping with non-metals, metals, and transition metals and coupling with other semiconductors have all been used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 photocatalyst. Higher photonic efficiency can be attained through the synergistic fine-tuning of features such as physical, chemical, and electronic, and these composites and hybrid materials based on TiO2 are creating a big trend. Doping has been widely studied as a means of altering the surface of TiO2. Rare earth metals, noble metals, and transition metals are all discussed in the existing literature on the surface modification of TiO2 doped with cations [4-12]. In this study, for the first time, Ag nanoparticles loaded mesoporous TiO2 coating was prepared and applied as an immobilized photocatalytic reactor for water decontamination and bacterial deactivation under natural sunlight irradiation.

Global warming is a phenomenon in which the Earth's overall temperature rises as a result of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Among the major greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to global warming [1,2]. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rising due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), as well as changes in land use and vegetation [3]. Carbon dioxide and other gases, such as methane and nitrogen monoxide absorb infrared radiation and redirect it back to Earth, warming the planet [4]. This rise in temperature can impact ecosystems, climate, water resources, agriculture, public health, and societies in general [5]. To combat global warming and reduce carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, many countries around the world, including Saudi Arabia, are working to achieve a vision to reduce carbon emissions by reducing their carbon emissions by 278 million tons per year by 2030 in line with the Paris Agreement, for climate. The Kingdom is committed to generating 50% of its electrical energy from renewable sources by 2030. In addition to the shift in the local energy mix, the Saudi Green Initiative is implementing a number of ambitious programs and projects to reduce emissions. These programs include investing in new energy sources, promoting energy efficiency, and expanding carbon capture and storage programs [6]. Through these initiatives, the Kingdom will be able to achieve its climate goals and establish a sustainable future (Figure 1). In addition, the Paris Climate Change Agreement includes 196 countries and the European Union, covering most of the world. This agreement aims to achieve carbon neutrality by taking measures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions [7].