本研究探討Lato-Lato與物理機制相關的系統：在一根繩子的兩端各懸掛一顆球，並將繩子的中點固定在一個能夠垂直振動的支點上。當支點以一定的頻率和振幅進行振動時，系統最初表現為規律的單擺運動，但隨著振動條件的改變，球體間逐漸發生碰撞，並開始出現能量累積現象，導致整個擺動幅度顯著增大。本研究從直觀的實驗觀察和嚴謹的數據分析兩個角度入手，通過設計精密的實驗裝置和採集詳細的運動數據，深入探討這一現象背後的機理。我們著重研究了碰撞過程中能量與動量的轉換，以及振動頻率、振幅、繩長與球重等參數如何影響系統的運動狀態。最終，我們提出了調整支點振動相位以實現最佳能量傳遞效率的方案，為未來相關工程應用提供一些新的思路與參考。

本研究以玉米廢棄物（玉米苞葉與玉米梗芯）為核心，探討其在隔熱與防撞緩衝材料方面的應用潛力，旨在促進資源再利用與環保理念。研究結果顯示，玉米廢棄物製成的隔熱板材優於市售軟木墊，特別是（0.2 ~0.5cm）的玉米梗芯板材及其雙層設計，展現卓越的隔熱性能。而在緩衝材料實驗中，2cm玉米梗芯的防撞效果最佳，優於市售氣泡布及乖乖粒，顯示其作為緩衝材料的可行性。儘管玉米苞葉因結構鬆散而數據值較差，但可透過密度改良將具應用潛力。本研究證實玉米廢棄物可轉化為兼具功能性與環保性的創新材料，未來可進一步發展加工技術，提升商品價值化與市場競爭力。

In recent years, lower inter-limb asymmetries have become a topic of increasing interest in sports research. Numerous studies have investigated the occurrence of between-limb differences in a variety of physical tests, ranging from strength, sprinting, and change of direction speed to jumping tasks. The main focus has been the association of asymmetries to either enhanced injury risk or reduced physical performance. Sport specific aspects and differences of lower limb asymmetries have not often been analysed. Additionally, most studies have been performed with male athletes. Women, however, present higher prevalence of lower limb asymmetries in strength, coordination, and postural control than men. These two aspects were therefore addressed in the present study. Female youth soccer (n=18, age: 16.7 ± 0.8 years) and floorball (n=18, age: 17.6 ± 0.9 years) players completed a test battery consisting of six unilateral jumping tasks in horizontal and lateral direction to detect sport specificity in inter-limb asymmetries. The test comprised the following hops: (1) Single Leg Hop for Distance and (2) a newly created version of it, (3) Single Leg Triple Hop, (4) Single Leg Crossover Hop, (5) Side Hop and (6) Single Leg 6-meters Timed Hop. The scores of every jump were calculated into Limb Symmetry Indexes for each participant. A linear mixed effect (LME) model (using function lmer in program R) was applied to evaluate the effects of sport and jump type on asymmetries. In terms of the whole test battery, there was a significantly higher magnitude of asymmetries in soccer compared to floorball (p=0.0067) with a mean difference of 1.9%. Three significant differences between the effects of different jump types were detected (5>2: p=0.027; 5>3: p6: p=0.014). Moreover, the results showed no significant effect on leg dominance. According to the findings of this study, soccer appears to be more asymmetric than floorball, leading to the suggestion that inter-limb asymmetries may not only be task-specific, but also sportspecific. Since no significant correlations were detected, this study suggests that inter-limb asymmetries are independent of leg dominance. Considering the possible reduction in athletic performance and increasing injury risk, strength and conditioning coaches are advised to assess athletes' inter-limb asymmetries using a broad, sport specific test battery and decrease them.

Space Medicine and relevant sciences are still considered a new era; the first humankind steps toward the space took place since less than 60 years. It has been noticed the adverse effects of microgravity on the human body in different aspects, our concern here is the musculoskeletal aspect. On the ground we didn’t notice how we can stand up, or how our muscles and bones of the lower limbs can keep us standing up right. This is by a complicated process including the bones, the equilibrium, and the anti-gravitational muscles of the lower limbs which occurred without thinking about it. The force of Earth gravity against our bones of the lower limbs makes them harder and makes the muscles stronger, because they are interfacing the earth gravitational force every moment we are standing up, as per Newton’s third law (for every action in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction), such forces are unavailable in space and its effect being obvious on arrival to earth after long stay space flights, so being unable to keep standing upright easily on their arrival. On return to earth the routine medical examinations revealed loss of astronaut muscle mass and bone density particularly of their lower extremities because they did not use them in space for a long time. Currently, astronauts on board of ISS (International Space Station) they accomplish daily tasks including resistive exercises ARED “Advanced Resistive Exercise Device” in form of treadmill, ergometer, and weightlifting machine, to decrease the loss of bone density and muscle mass of their lower limbs. Despite their discipline to those exercises they still lose 1-2% of the muscle mass and bone density that give importance to add some protective measures to keep their muscles and bones healthy. Through this article, the idea is to make a device such AACT (Automated Alternative Compression/Traction) to be applied daily to the astronauts lower limbs as part of their daily exercise during space flight to give push/traction forces to astronauts lower limbs to prevent or at least decrease such loss, by AACT we are mimicking the gravitational force of earth on astounds lower limbs during long space flights to let them be healthy till they come back.

The human gut microbiome is integral to digestion, overall health, and metabolic disorder imbalances. Recent advancements in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have highlighted the therapeutic promise of restoring healthy gut microbiota in populations with high incidences of diseases. Focusing on fecal DNA samples from healthy Asian individuals, this study examines the potential of novel Akkermansia strains, specifically Akkermansia muciniphila (Z62) and Akkermansia massiliensis (IR119), as next-generation probiotics for mitigating metabolic syndrome. A key aspect of the study is the investigation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced and play a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes. SCFAs such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate are essential for energy provision to colon cells and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The methodology involves selecting two Akkermansia strains, analyzing them through 16S rRNA and WGS, evaluating their growth and survival rates under acidic and bile-salt conditions, alongside their cell adhesion capabilities. The study focuses on the production of key short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan derivatives by bacteria in regulating metabolic processes, as well as their anti-inflammatory effects on colon cells. Through in vitro assays, both strains exhibited survival in acidic/bile-rich conditions, though Z62 demonstrated superior adhesion to Caco-2 cells, suggesting a higher colonization potential. Metabolomic analysis revealed both strains produce SCFAs, including propionic and acetic acids, and indole metabolites, such as indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which are known to influence lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In adipocyte cell models, IR119 significantly reduced lipid accumulation, while Z62 increased lipid presence. Furthermore, IR119 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting potential for inflammation mitigation. The future potential of IR119 as a therapeutic probiotic is extraordinary in addressing complex metabolic and inflammatory diseases, which open new avenues for managing chronic inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Future clinical trials could refine IR119’s efficacy, positioning it as a leading probiotic in preventive and therapeutic contexts.

本研究針對新竹地區水源受潛在污染影響且磷檢測昂貴的問題，改良傳統磷鉬藍法（PMB），以發展低成本、高靈敏度且環保的磷酸鹽檢測方法。 主要針對三項缺點進行改良：（1）高試劑用量、（2）使用有害銻離子、（3）鑑別度受限。透過九宮格實驗設計，調控鉬酸銨與維生素C濃度，並進一步控制反應系統，透過吸收光譜分析，成功篩選出能避免鉬藍干擾且反應時間短的最佳條件，成功建立良好的檢量線。應用於新竹地區自來水檢測，總磷濃度為0.045–0.101 ppm之間具有顏色鑑別能力，證實其半定量的可行性。 與傳統法相比，本法化學污染減少至1/45，操作簡便，且有機會發展成「磷酸檢測球」，本研究所開發方法兼具環保性與普及性，適合用於水質監測與環境教育推廣。

透過一系列實驗研究走馬燈的設計與性能，探討不同因素對旋轉速度與穩定性的影響。實驗中，用紙杯與卡紙製作燈罩及燃料杯，並測試燈罩的長度、大小、開口方向，以及燃料種類與燃料杯設計對熱氣流的影響，希望能改善走馬燈的運轉效果。結果發現，當空氣受熱上升時，會驅動紙杯旋轉，而開口方向決定了旋轉方向，當開口朝左時，紙杯呈逆時針旋轉，當開口朝右時，則順時針旋轉。此外，我們測試了不同高度與大小的燈罩，變化開洞的數量、形狀與角度，並調整洞口在杯側的位置，以分析其對旋轉效果的影響。這些結果有助於理解熱對流、燃燒機制與機械運動的關係，也為改善走馬燈的設計提供了參考依據。

我們主要研究鋸琴（伐木鋸）發聲的原理，探討演奏過程中可以用來調整的因素，如施力大小、方式、形狀...等，研究這些不同變因與發出聲音的關係；並討論使用不同引發聲音的工具（塑膠槌和弓弦）與擾動位置對聲音的影響。此外，還有對參考文獻中所描述鋸琴彎曲形狀之J形、S形與甜蜜點的定義加以分析，參考金屬薄片振盪狀態的理論及其拓樸區域模態對聲音的關係，理解演奏時鋸子彎曲形狀和甜蜜點在實驗中的角色，歸納出彈奏鋸琴時可使用的規律。

顆粒體(細沙、塑膠珠與鋼珠)於扁平長方容器內近二維堆積在高速轉動時，其自由面有要成為拋物線的趨勢，但因有摩擦力的存在易導致自由面出現中央尖錐區與兩側線性堆積區之分布，因而呈現類似W之外型。近二維堆積顆粒體高速轉動下，摩擦力大者(如細沙、塑膠珠)易在近轉軸處出現中央尖錐；而摩擦力小者(如鋼珠)在近轉軸處則易出現較平坦之分布。另近二維堆積顆粒體在轉動過程達穩定後之自由面分布，會受經過的歷程所影響，不具可再現性。 相同數量(1000顆)與尺寸(3 mm)的鋼珠與塑膠珠混合後以高速(>500 rpm)轉動，其堆積分布與同轉速下的鋼珠一致，代表混合態高速轉動後穩定堆積的自由面分布是由慣性大的顆粒體所決定。 顆粒體和液體轉動時類似卻又不同的現象讓值得進一步的探討。

透過訪談與學生問卷，應用Audacity分析飛機噪音頻率與響度變化，進行實驗教學活動，檢測教室內空氣品質。研究結果：每架飛機噪音影響上課時間8-15秒，室外響度92-103dB，教室開窗響度73-85dB，頻率以為高頻(1500~4000Hz)為主，飛機最大架次（20／小時）。 學生問卷分析結果：飛機接近教室時聽不清楚63.87％，影響學習能力47.11 ％，體育課影響最60.5％最大，學生交談負面影響47.32％。教室隔音效果不佳76.9％。心理影響32.29％，聽力影響40.6％，噪音要看醫生24.21％。教學活動：在噪音環境下，實驗組的學習效能降低 ，高頻噪音降低36.19 ％與低頻噪音28.95％。在噪音環境下，學習效能明顯下降。教室長時間關閉，空氣品質嚴重不良CO2、TVOC、HCHO嚴重超標，建議加強學校隔音與通風設備，冬天要開空調。

Due to widespread water shortages, there is an increasing need for innovative water conservation strategies, such as reusing greywater from laundry. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes greywater as suitable for plant irrigation, but commercial laundry detergents contain synthetic chemicals that can harm both the environment and plant health. Soap nuts, derived from the Sapindus mukorossi tree, offer a natural alternative. Their pericarp is rich in triterpenoid saponins, amphiphilic compounds, composed of hydrophilic sugar group and hydrophobic triterpenoid sapogenins. These saponins mimic the chemical structure of surfactants in detergents, allowing soap nuts to act as natural foaming and surface-active agents in water. As a result, soap nuts have long been used as a sustainable option for shampoo and laundry detergent in many Asian countries (Sochacki & Vogt, 2022). Greywater, an often overlooked resource, is generated from household activities like laundry, showers, and basins. Unlike blackwater, it contains lower levels of pathogens and bacteria. However, due to a lack of awareness, greywater is frequently mixed with blackwater and directed to the same sewage treatment systems (Greywater Systems: From Recycling to Filtration, n.d.). Greywater accounts for 50-80% of a household’s daily wastewater (Wong, 2011). Repurposing greywater offers a promising and sustainable solution to address water conservation challenges.

本實驗探討黏菌對不同條件所產生的趨性。七年級生物課時看過介紹黏菌的影片，引發我們對這種奇妙生物的興趣，想透過本研究了解環境因素如何會影響其移動。一、放在不同角度傾斜面的黏菌，都表現出對於重力的趨性。二、黏菌對於磁鐵具有正趨性，在磁鐵N上S下的環境會做順時針旋轉，反之S上N下做逆時針旋轉，在磁場強的環境下旋轉速度較快。 三、黏菌移動受到1mA或以上電流抑制。四、黏菌會避開黴菌生長區域。五、在某些環境條件下黏菌會循著其分泌的黏液移動。 近年來科學家對於黏菌的移動策略有一些研究，我們希望以簡單的實驗方式，透過控制單一變因，為黏菌存在的爭議或研究空缺找到答案，認識黏菌潛藏的適應策略與行為特性。