生物時鐘可對生物體的行為與生理造成影響，在探討晝夜節律特徵的差異時，過去研究常侷限於北美大陸的品系，缺少赤道及南半球品系的晝夜節律特徵探討。有鑒於黑腹果蠅在全球各大洲的廣泛分佈，因此我們以黑腹果蠅（近赤道與中高緯度品系）為材料，研究果蠅是否因緯度而有相異的晝夜節律特徵？結果顯示不同緯度的果蠅品系展現出相異的晝夜節律特徵。赤報品系在全暗狀態下仍維持原本光暗12小時的穩定節律，而南北半球的中高緯度品系則具有相似節律特徵，即在全暗狀態下的節律不對齊原本正常光源的穩定節律，其他如活動量、週期、及節律強度等皆有著品系間的差異。更進一步比對實驗中各個品系基因序列，研究發現per和tim在調控區段有許多SNP變異，顯示其與晝夜節律特徵的關係，有助於後續尋找更多造成晝夜節律特徵差異的可能遺傳變異並探討。

雜草被認為是不具經濟價值的東西，而近年來入侵的外來種植物，因為生長迅速且沒有天敵，所以危害了我們自然環境的原生植物，本研究使用稻草與小花蔓澤蘭，將之曬乾 並打碎後過篩出粗纖維，混合石蠟成為複合材料，試驗材料吸附油汙的效果。結果顯示，粗纖維與石蠟混合比例較高的1：3時，因為有更多的石蠟使材料穩固能吸附較多的油汙，稻草組的平均吸油汙量為7.19g，小花蔓澤蘭組只有3.25g，為同比例的稻草組的64.3％，稻草組的平均飽和比為1：3.22，吸附油汙達到最高8.07g，小花蔓澤蘭組的平均飽和比只有1：2.60，吸附油汙重只有4.72g，為稻草粗纖維的58.5%。未來將研究此複合材料應用於生活上的吸附油汙，或利用複合材料在其他領域上來提高雜草附加價值。

本實驗之研究目的，是利用紅麴發酵製作馬祖老酒後產出的酒糟，探討對於酵母菌微生物在不同濃度和不同溫度的酒糟水溶液的反應與影響。本次實驗中使用3%、4%、5%三種濃度酒糟水溶液，發現 4% 濃度酒糟水溶液和酵母菌反應較快並產生大量氣泡，其次為 3 %，最後是 5 %，表示 4 %時酵母菌微生物較活躍。此外溫控平台以30℃(實際水溫約27℃左右)、40℃(實際水溫約36℃左右)、50℃(實際水溫約46℃左右)三種溫度酒糟水溶液進行實驗時，發現溫控平台 40 ℃(實際水溫約36℃左右)酒糟水溶液和酵母菌反應較快並產生大量氣泡。其次為 50 ℃(實際水溫約46℃左右)，最後是 30 ℃(實際水溫約27℃左右)，表示實際水溫 36 ℃左右時酵母菌微生物較活躍。

本研究探討不同沖泡條件對茶飲品抗氧化能力與茶多酚含量的影響，旨在找出最佳沖泡方式，並分析不同添加物對茶湯的影響並藉由碘滴定法推測抗氧化能力，了解茶多酚含量。實驗變因包含浸泡時間、加熱方式、茶葉顆粒大小，與糖、鹽、乳製品等不同添加物的影響。透過測量自製茶湯的值與抗氧化能力，探討如何沖泡出高「酚」好茶。 研究結果顯示，適當延長加熱與浸泡時間能提高茶多酚釋放，但超過一定時間也不會增加茶多酚，抗氧化能力反而下降。茶葉磨碎後沖泡可增加茶多酚，酸性環境對抗氧化能力影響不大；加入乳製品則會顯著降低其含量，尤其以奶精影響最鉅。本研究之科學依據，可幫助消費者選擇更健康的茶飲沖泡方式，並推廣茶飲的抗氧化價值。

The DIVE&CLEAN project is an educational and innovative initiative aimed at addressing a significant environmental challenge: marine pollution. With oceans covering over 70% of the Earth’s surface and providing a home to 50–80% of life on the planet, their health is critical. However, marine ecosystems are under threat due to plastic pollution, which impacts wildlife, coastal communities, and global biodiversity. This project centers around the idea of introducing underwater trash bins, especially in areas frequented by recreational divers. While most divers explore the seas without specific tools to collect trash, they could contribute significantly with the right infrastructure. The vision of DIVE&CLEAN is to inspire behavioral change, encourage collaboration, and promote actionable solutions to reduce ocean pollution. Using interactive robotics and storytelling, the project tells the story of divers rescuing animals entangled in plastic and collecting trash from the ocean floor using underwater bins. Through creative performances, it seeks to educate and motivate individuals, resorts, and authorities to adopt sustainable practices.

Road safety remains a global concern, with driver-related factors like distraction, drowsiness, and medical conditions such as stroke being leading causes of accidents. In this paper, we propose a real-time ensemble learning framework that leverages transfer learning for the detection of stroke, drowsiness, and distracted driving. Our model integrates multiple Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) fine-tuned for each specific task, and employs a stacking method to combine the predictions of these models using a meta-classifier. Notably, the model is optimized to enhance stroke detection, minimizing false negatives— an essential aspect for timely medical intervention. Experimental evaluations on diverse datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, achieving an overall accuracy of 92.5%. The results emphasize the model’s potential for real-time driver monitoring, offering critical safety features that could reduce accidents and save lives.

The equation of an ellipse and quadratic residues are well-known concepts in elementary geometry and number theory, respectively. While the properties of ellipse equations in Euclidean space have been extensively studied, many characteristics of quadratic residues, such as consecutive quadratic residues, have also been explored in past research. In this study, we discovered the characteristic polynomial of the equation of an ellipse over finite fields Fp, a single-variable polynomial that shares the same roots as the ellipse. Furthermore, by examining the parallels between the equation of an ellipse and the pairs of residues and nonresidues, we derived a characteristic polynomial for this concept and demonstrated its connection to the Catalan number, a significant sequence in combinatorics. This research was conducted through the following steps. First, the power sums of the roots of the ellipse in Fp were calculated using the Legendre symbol and Euler’s criterion. Next, the characteristic polynomial of the ellipse was determined using Newton’s identity, generating functions, and Vieta’s theorem. Finally, leveraging the equivalence between the equation of the ellipse and the pairs of residues and nonresidues, we established the main results connecting these two concepts with Catalan numbers.

One of the main challenges with today’s batteries is their relatively low volumetric and specific capacities. The highest specific capacity can be achieved with lithium-air batteries, which use metallic lithium as the anode and typically some form of porous carbon as the cathode. To enhance performance, aerogels—among the world’s lightest solid materials—are ideal candidates for cathodes. Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF)-based carbon aerogels, for example, serve this purpose well. In my work, I utilized two types of carbon aerogels as cathode materials: one derived from pyrolyzed resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer and the other a graphene-oxide-modified version of this carbon gel. I integrated the carbon aerogels I had pyrolyzed into lithium-air batteries to improve the cell’s performance, energy density, and capacity compared to cells using activated carbon. In my research, I examined the pore structure and surface properties of these materials in aqueous media using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) relaxometry and cryoporometry, exploring their impact on battery efficiency. I found that the graphene-oxide-containing sample's pores filled with water in a layered manner, indicating a more hydrophilic surface, which suggests a denser arrangement of oxygen-containing functional groups compared to the unmodified carbon aerogel. The pore sizes were reduced after adding graphene oxide, resulting in an increased specific surface area for the sample. Incorporating the reduced graphene-oxide-containing carbon aerogel enabled the creation of a more efficient, higher-capacity battery than with the RF carbon aerogel. This improved performance is likely due to the aerogel’s higher oxygen content and altered morphology. The increased oxygen content provides more active sites for oxygen reduction, meaning that a greater specific power output can be obtained from the battery.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important greenhouse gas that helps trap heat in our atmosphere; without it, our planet would be inhospitably cold [1]. It is the fourth most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere. It is a byproduct of normal cell function when breathed out of the body, and produced when fossil fuels and organic wood compounds are burned [2]. However, an increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere can contribute to climate change and ocean acidification, and exposure to high levels of CO2 can produce a variety of health effects [3]. Human progress and economic innovation have led to increased emissions, causing climate change and affecting all living creatures. Current levels are 36.8 Gt CO2 in 2023 and are expected to reach 54-56 Gt CO2 by 2030 [4]. Figure 1 displays the current atmospheric CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory without seasonal variations [5].

When a leaf of a plant encounters stress, how does the plant convey the stress signal to other tissues and manage nutrient distribution? This field of study has been largely unexplored. However, the unique interconnected frond structure of Lemna trisulca, along with the use of a divided Petri dish, is very suitable for handling localized stress and investigating the mechanisms of intracellular signaling and nutrient distribution. Research has shown that when the mother leaf experiences localized stress, it releases healthy daughter leaves to minimize collateral damage to the daughter leaves. Conversely, when the daughter leaves face localized stress, the mother leaf chooses to retain them and continues supplying them with nutrients to support their survival. In-depth studies revealed that stressed daughter leaves accumulate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), triggering nutrient distribution by sending a distress signal to the mother leaf. This prompts the mother leaf to use Ca2+ as a signaling molecule to deliver nutrients to the daughter leaves. Selective detachment is regulated and triggered by the interaction between Ca2+ and ROS within the mother leaf. When the mother leaf undergoes stress, Ca2+ acts upstream to induce ROS accumulation at the nodes, sending a unidirectional detachment signal to the daughter leaves. This causes ROS accumulation at the daughter leaf nodes, inducing detachment and thereby reducing the collateral damage the daughter leaf could experience due to the mother leaves.

Nano additives is becoming popular trends nowadays due to its nanosize (1-100 nm). Incorporating nano additives in polymer could increase different properties such as mechanical, physical, electrical and thermal stability (1, 2). Different nano additives has been used such as nano copper oxide, nano silica, nano zinc oxide, nano titanium dioxide but most of these come from synthetic or metal oxides that considered as non-environmentally friendly and harmful to human when exposed or inhaled (3). One of the green materials that become attention by researchers is nano cellulose. Nano cellulose can be extracted in different methods and sources such as from wood, and non-woody resources such as kenaf, jute, bamboo as well as from bacteria such as Acetobacter species(4). This making nano cellulose abundantly available in resources. Nano cellulose can be in the form of nano crystalline cellulose (CNC) or NCC or can be in form of nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)(5). This nanocellulose has many advantages that can give improvement in different applications such as mechanical, physical, thermal and improving the biodegradation when added together in different matrices (6, 7). Polymers have a problem in thermal stability while processing. It hard to control and maintain the thermal stability of polymer during processing and most polymers considered to have low in thermal stability except for thermosetting polymers such as epoxy. Epoxy has been widely used in many fields such as coating, adhesive, laminates, castings and many more (8). But the drawbacks of epoxy while using is hard to maintain and controll the thermal properties when processing of this materials and used for long period due to aging and attack by free radicals causing by UV radiation (9, 10). In this study we are incorporating nano additives into epoxy as polymer matrix to enhance and improve the thermal stability of composite by crosslinking the polymer chains with the nano additives. Furthermore, the nano additive used is come from nano cellulose extracted from date palm waste and thus to create an environmentally friendly and sustainable nano additives products.

本研究旨在探討廢棄牡蠣殼（主成分CaCO3）在模擬加壓環境下與二氧化碳及水反應，進行化學固碳（CaCO3+H2O+CO2⇌Ca(HCO3)2)的可行性，並連結深海高壓環境有助於穩定碳酸氫鈣的概念。研究小組設計實驗裝置(包含固碳反應艙、二氧化碳集氣筒、未反應二氧化碳收集筒)模擬壓力，探討反應時間、牡蠣殼粉用量、初始壓力、水溶液種類、混合方式及溫度等變因，並以二氧化碳氣體體積減少量作為觀察指標。 研究結果顯示，牡蠣殼粉確實能與CO2進行化學反應，反應量顯著高於單純的CO2物理溶解。進一步實驗發現，提高壓力、降低溫度、加強混合(每5分鐘攪拌)及延長反應時間均能提升CO2總反應量。然而，在本實驗條件與時間範圍內(最長60分鐘)，3克牡蠣殼粉的效果優於6克及9克，且純水效果優於海水。本研究驗證了牡蠣殼加壓固碳的可行性，並模擬深海環境來找出反應效率的關鍵因素。研究小組進一步發想深海牡蠣殼固碳系統，為此廢棄物再利用及深海固碳概念提出創意規劃。