When we look at objects with our eyes, we can only see limited detail. So, when we need to examine things closely, especially when it comes to artifacts, we use microscopes. If we want to see the fine details or small cracks on the surface of an object, we use an optical microscope. If we need to analyze the composition of materials, we use a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Through these microscopes, we can discover any damage to artifacts and understand why it happened. This helps us plan how to preserve and repair them.