Introduction

Do you have a special collection you really cherish? Maybe it's shiny marbles or a birthday gift full of fond memories. No matter its value, there is a story between you and it. Artifacts are like humanity's shared treasures. They show us the history of the past and cultural memories, open our inner feelings, or guide us to understand important scientific discoveries and inventions that changed our lives. Artifacts are so important to us that we want to know more about them and preserve them for a long time.

As time goes by, all stories are sealed in artifacts. To understand the messages of artifacts, we need a key to unlock them, which is called "scientific analysis." It presents evidence at a microscopic level, helping us explore human development and changes over time.