摘要或動機

The temperature of the water was commonly higher and both of electrodes were oxidized
during electrolysis by using alternating current, but the above happenings were
only found at the positive electrode by using direct current. It can be explained
by the principle of the microwave stove. The exchange of the current causes the
water molecules to release heat. The strength and weakness of electrolytes, the
length and width of the electrodes, and the frequency of the alternating current
can affect the rate of electrolysis of water. Commonly speaking, the stronger the
electrolyte is, the faster the rate of electrolysis will be. NaOH and HNO₃ are strong
electrolytes, but the amount of the gas is zero during electrolysis by using alternating
current. Maybe both of electrolytes react with stainless-steel electrodes to form
some kinds of protective layers to affect the conduction of current. When copper
bars, carbon bars, and iron nails are used as electrodes, either the alternating
current or direct current is used, the amount of the gas is very small. Maybe these
electrodes react with oxygen produced during electrolysis to form oxidized layers
to block the conduction of current. Long and wide electrodes produce more amount
of the gas. The amount of the gas increases when the frequency of the alternating
current increases. The longer the distance between electrodes is, the smaller the
amount of the gas will be. The smaller the angle between electrodes is, the smaller
the amount of the gas will be, too. When the number of multiple electrodes in parallel
increases, the total amount of the gas almost increases. The amount of the gas is
smaller at the farther electrode. The amount of the gas at the electrode at the
same distance becomes smaller when the number of multiple electrodes in parallel
increases. At the same voltage, the effective current of the alternating current
is about 0.707 of that of direct current. So we can predict that the total amount
of the gas elect rolyzed by alternating current must be about 0.707 of the total
amount of the gas electrolyzed by direct current. When we used stainless-steel electrodes
and the electrolyte- H₂SO₄, we found the ratio was about 0.4286. Maybe the system
of the electrolysis of water doesn’t obey the ideal linear system of Ohm’s Law and
some part of electrical energy is wasted by increasing the temperature of the water
and the oxidization of electrodes.


交流電解普遍水溫較高且兩極都有被氧化現象，直流電解則只有正極有上述現象，可能是交流電有類似微波爐的原理，電流交替時造成水分子震盪發熱。電解質強弱、電極種類、電極長短粗細、交流電頻率會影響電解水速率：強電解質較快，但NaOH
、KNO₃ 雖是強電解質，在交流電解時，氣體產生量幾乎是零，這可能是他們與不銹鋼電極反應形成某種保護層而影響導電；以銅棒、碳棒、鐵釘為電極時，不管是交流電或直流電，氣體體積都很小，這可能是這些電極和產生的氧氣反應，形成氧化層阻礙了導電；長的和粗的電極氣體產生量較多；交流電頻率越大，則電解所產生的氣體量也隨之增加；電極之間的距離越大兩極的氣體體積越小；兩電極之間的角度越小，兩極的氣體體積越少；多重電極並聯的個數越多，總氣體體積約略越大，距離越遠的氣體體積越小，同距離的氣體體積隨並聯的個數越多氣體體積越小。在相同電壓下，交流電輸出的均方根電壓(電流)為直流電電壓(電流)的0.707
倍(1/√2)，所以推測交、直電解水的氣體總體積比值也應為0.707，但我們以不銹鋼為電極、H₂SO₄ 為電解液下比值為0.4286，這可能是本電解水系統並非為遵守歐姆定律的理想線性系統，且電解水時部分電能被消耗在水溫的升高及電極的氧化上。